Browsing by Author "Adegoke, O. O."

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A histomorphological pattern of gallbladder lesions in a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria: a retrospective descriptive study
(Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC), 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Fatunla, E. O.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.
BACKGROUND: The gallbladder is one of the most common specimens encountered in the surgical pathology laboratory, and gallstone related diseases are among the most common medical problems requiring surgical intervention. This study's objective was to determine the histomorphological patterns and frequency of gall bladder lesions from cholecystectomy specimens received in our institution for over twenty years. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of all cholecystectomy specimens received at the pathology department for 20 years from January 1999 to December 2018. The specimens were obtained from within and outside the hospital facility. The demographic data, clinical details, and histological diagnosis were retrieved from the departmental records and were analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS: A total of 211 cholecystectomy specimens were received during the study period. Patients’ age ranged from 14 to 84 years, with a mean age of 47.6 ± 0.899 years. There was a female preponderance with male to female ratio of 43:168 (1:3.9). Surgery for gallbladder disease was most commonly performed in the age range of 41-50 years. Out of the 211 specimens, 153 (72.5%) had calculi and 58 (27.5%) were acalculous. Chronic calculous cholecystitis was the most common histopathological diagnosis (65.4%). Others were chronic acalculous cholecystitis (18.0%), acute on chronic acalculous cholecystitis (2.4%), adenocarcinoma (3.3%), metastatic adenocarcinoma (0.1%), adenocarcinoma with chronic calculous cholecystitis (0.5%), klatskin tumour (0.5%), and normal gallbladders (1.9%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the commonest indication for cholecystectomy in our hospital was gall stone disease. Malignancy of the gallbladder is uncommon in our center.
Colonic polyps in Nigerians, a change in trends: A retrospective single‑center clinicopathological study
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2022) Adegoke, O. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Nwanji, I. D.
Background: Adenomatous polyps in the colon are recognized precursors of colorectal carcinoma; however, the low incidence of these polyps in sub Saharan Africans has led many to believe that the pathway of colorectal cancer may differ in this region. The objective of this study was aimed to determine the change in trends of colonic polyps in Nigeria. Methods: This was a 10 year retrospective review of all colonic polyp specimens received at the Department of Pathology in our hospital utilizing the histopathology request cards and hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). Results: A total of 131 cases were reviewed. The age of patients ranged from 5 to 86 years with a mean age of 55 years. The male to female ratio was 1.6:1. The mean age was 59.4 years. Of the 131 cases reviewed, 62 patients had adenomatous polyps, 49 had inflammatory polyps while 20 others included juvenile polyps, hyperplastic polyps, and hamartomatous polyps. Conclusion: Adenomatous polyps are increasingly being seen among Africans in the sub Sahara region and perhaps they are not as rare as it was once thought provided the facilities for the diagnosis are available. They may yet play a more important role than has been ascribed to them in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinomas in Africans.
Diagnostic Utility of EMA, Vimentin and CD117 Immunohistochemical Markers in Subtyping Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A 10-year Retrospective Study.
(West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons, 2023) Nwadiokwu, O. O; Adegoke, M. A.; Ajani, C. A.; Okolo, B. L.; Awosusi, V. C.; Okebalama J. I.; Adegoke, O. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Okolo, C. A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Okebalama, V. C.
BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma is the most lethal urological cancer and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality due to cancers of the urogenital tract. In routine diagnostic surgical pathology practice of renal tumours, immunohistochemistry is a helpful ancillary technique after routine H & E. The role of renal immunohistochemistry is explored in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of all the confirmed cases of renal cell carcinoma seen at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, during the 10-year study period of 2007 to 2016 were retrieved, sectioned and immunohistochemistry done using monoclonal antibodies for EMA, Vimentin and CD117 following standard protocols. Frequency statistics and chi-square were applied to data to determine proportions and associations using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. RESULTS: A total of 48 cases of renal cell carcinoma were seen within the study period that met the inclusion criteria for the study. The age range of the patients was between 3 to 76 years with an average age of 44.17 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.3. Fuhrman Grade 2 nuclei were predominant (43.75%) while Fuhrman Grade 4 nuclei had the lowest frequency (6.25%). EMAstaining patterns for the different histological patterns of RCC showed no statistically significant difference while Vimentin and CD117 staining patterns showed a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the staining patterns of all three markers and the nuclear grades of the cases of RCC. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the usefulness of Vimentin and CD117 in differentiating chromophobe variant of renal cell carcinoma from other subtypes while EMA showed variable expression across the various subtypes. WAJM 2023; 40(10); 1035 -1040.
Fracture of the humeral bone as the first clinical presentation of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in Ibadan
(Sciencedomain international, 2019) Ajani, M. A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the commonest type of thyroid cancer representing 75 to 85 per cent of all thyroid cancer cases. It is often well-differentiated, slow-growing, and localized, although it can metastasize. This is a case of a 49-year-old male who presented with a pathological fracture of the left humerus. A bone biopsy was done at the surgery which had a histological diagnosis of metastatic thyroid carcinoma. A total thyroidectomy was subsequently done and was histologically reported as a follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was clinically stable post thyroidectomy and was discharged home on the 10th postoperative day and he is currently being followed-up in the surgical outpatient clinic. Pathological fracture as the initial clinical presentation is an unusual manifestation of metastatic thyroid carcinoma; therefore a high index of suspicion is needed to make this diagnosis. In any patient presenting with a pathologic fracture, the possibility of metastatic carcinoma from the thyroid gland should always be considered.
Histopathological patterns of skin adnexal tumours in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2022) Adegoke, O. O.; Ajani, M. A.
Background: Skin adnexal tumours (SATs) are tumours that differentiate towards one or more of the adnexal structures of the skin. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of SATs in Ibadan and to correlate them with age, sex and anatomic location. Methods: This is a 10-year retrospective study of all SATs in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. The clinicopathological data were obtained from the department’s records for the given period. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections obtained from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were examined to confirm the diagnosis and special stains such as periodic acid Schiff staining done where necessary. Cases of SATs were further classified into benign and malignant tumours. Results: Twenty-seven cases of SATs were reviewed over the study period. Tumours from the sweat glands formed the largest group (55.6%) with trichoepithelioma being the most common subtype, followed by tumours with follicular differentiation (40.7%) and sebaceous tumours (3.7%). There was a slight female predominance with a male-to-female ratio 1:1.07. The highest number of tumours was seen in the fourth decade of life (23%). Benign tumours made up the majority of cases (85.2%). The most common location was the head and neck with 40.8% of cases. Conclusion: SATs are not uncommon among Nigerian patients. These tumours are mostly benign and are present commonly in the head and neck location.
Histopathology turnaround time of surgical biopsies in a Nigerian tertiary health-care facility
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Nwanji, I. D.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.
Background: Turnaround time (TAT) analysis is finding increasing relevance in clinical laboratories due to its relevance in the quality of care of patients. TAT involves all the various processes that occur within the laboratory. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathology TAT of surgical biopsies at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1085 samples received at the Department of Pathology, UCH, Ibadan, from January to April 2020. Samples were categorized into small, intermediate, and large sizes. Average duration spent in the grossing room, processing, reporting, and result verification was calculated, and the total TAT was determined from the summation of the duration of these processes. Results: The mean TAT for all samples was 22 days(±10 days). Reception grossing, histological processing, reporting, and transcription accounted for an average of 1.5 (7%), 5.9 (27%), 9.1 (41%), and 5.6 (25%) days and percentage of TAT, respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean TATs for small , intermediate-, and large-sized samples. Conclusion: We identified reporting time as the largest contributor to TAT. Other areas of delay were noted at tissue processing and result verification. Adoption of new technology and staff orientation may help to reduce the observed TAT.
P57kip2 immunohistochemical marker as a diagnostic tool for cases of hydatidiform moles in a tertiary health facility in southwestern Nigeria
(National Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2020) Awosusi, B. L.; Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.
Background: Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common gestational trophoblastic disease. P57kip2 has been reported to be helpful in differentiating between partial and complete HMs. Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the P57kip2 immunohistochemical (IHC) marker as a useful ancillary investigation to differentiate complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). Materials andMethods: Aretrospective study of all histologically diagnosed HM cases over a 20 year period was undertaken. Clinicopathological parameters were extracted from the surgical day book and medical record archives. Archival haematoxylin- and eosin-stained slides and formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of all cases of HM diagnosed within the study period were retrieved and reviewed. Cases of HM were reclassified using the P57kip2 IHC marker. The data obtained were analysed using the SPSS version 23. Results: One hundred cases of HMs were studied. CHM accounted for 68%, while PHM accounted for the remaining 32%. The incidence of HM was 2.98 cases per 1000 deliveries. The ratio of CHM to PHM was found to be 2.1:1. Seventy two per cent of the cases were diagnosed in the first trimester, while the remaining 28% were diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy. Based on the P57kip2 IHC staining pattern, HM cases were finally reclassified into 68 cases of CHM and 32 cases of PHM. The age range for all the HM cases was 18–50 years with the majority of the cases seen in the third and fourth decades of life. Conclusion: P57kip2 could be useful as an ancillary investigation in confirming the diagnosis of CHM and differentiating it from PHM, particularly in difficult and challenging cases.
Patterns of inflammatory lesions of the appendix in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility
(African Journal of Open Libraries, 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Omenai, S. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Ajani, T. A.
Background: Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 10 and 20 years, although all ages can be affected. Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen worldwide and its incidence varies with geographical location. The aim of this study was to review all the inflammatory lesions of the surgically removed appendix in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria and to describe the histopathological patterns of these lesions. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of all appendectomy specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from January 2009 to December 2018. Patients’ biodata, clinical parameters, and histological diagnoses were extracted from departmental surgical day books. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 23; IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York) and expressed as frequency distribution. Results: A total of 1071 appendectomy specimens were received in our laboratory during the 10-year study period, accounting for 3% of all specimens received. There were 1062 cases of inflammatory lesions, accounting for 99.2% of the cases. There was a male preponderance with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The age was from 1 to 83 years. The most common histological diagnosis was acute suppurative appendicitis with peritonitis accounting for 47.6% of all the cases. Conclusion: The findings in our study supports the fact that acute suppurative appendicitis is the most common inflammatory disease of the appendix which is consistent with other similar studies that have been done in our environment and in the developed world.
Premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus: a single institutional experience
(Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Nwanji, I. D.; Omenai, S. A.; Akande, K. O.
Background: Esophageal malignancy is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. A number of lesions occurring in the esophagus are associated with a high risk of malignant transformation. While the patterns of esophageal cancers have been documented in a number of African countries, there is a limited data on the Nigerian situation. This study was aimed at reviewing the histological patterns of premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus. Methods: This was a 10 year retrospective study of histologically confirmed premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 2009 and December 2018. Data retrieved from the departmental records were analyzed using the SPSS computer software version 20.0. Results: There were 45 cases diagnosed with premalignant lesions and 32 cases diagnosed with malignant lesions out of the 363 biopsies during the study period. The most common premalignant lesion was Barret’s esophagus (68.9%). Premalignant lesions were more common in males (64.4%). The mean age for patients with a diagnosis of premalignant lesions was 55 years. The mean age at the diagnosis for esophageal cancer was 61.5 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histological subtype seen (65.6%) with adenocarcinomas accounting for the remainder of cases (35.4%). Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the esophagus in our study. Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus were not as rare as documented in previous African studies. This finding may imply a changing pattern in esophageal malignancies in tandem with the pattern in Western countries.
Prevalence and review of pathological anatomy of gestational choriocarcinoma in Ibadan
(Journal Gurus, 2022) Awosusi, B. L.; Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.
Objectives: Gestational choriocarcinoma (GCC) is a highly malignant epithelial tumor arising from the trophoblast of any type of gestational event, most often a complete hydatidiform mole. Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia owing to their rapid growth and metastatic potential. This study reviewed all cases of GCC seen at the University College Hospital Ibadan. Methods: This was a 20 year retrospective hospital-based study designed to review all histologically diagnosed cases of choriocarcinoma registered at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, from 1st January, 1997 to 31st December, 2016. Clinicopathological data was extracted from the departmental surgical day book, Ward register, Department of Medical Records and Cancer Registry. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22. The results were presented in tables, relative frequencies and group percentages. Results: One hundred and eighty three cases of gestational trophoblastic disease were histologically diagnosed within the study period out of which 36 cases were GCC accounting for 19.7%. 55.6% of all the cases were received as endometrial biopsies, 33.3% as hysterectomy specimens, 8.3% as cervical biopsies and 2.8 as an anterior vaginal wall mass. Choriocarcinoma occurred in the age range 20 to 50 years with majority of cases occurring in the third decade of life. Conclusion: Gestational choriocarcinoma is still the most common gestational trophoblastic neoplasia seen in our environment. Awareness of this tumour with a high index of suspicion is needed for an accurate diagnosis and patient management.