Browsing by Author "Adeleke, A."

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Multidimensional household energy poverty in rural Nigeria
(2023-05) Adepoju, A. O.; Adeleke, A.
The multidimensional energy poverty of rural Nigerian households was examined. The Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) was utilised to classify households into various energy poverty categories. Ordered logistic regression was employed to determine the factors influencing energy poverty, while multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the factors influencing energy poverty transitions. With a MEPI of 0.662, a headcount of 0.985, and an intensity of 0.668, rural households in Nigeria showed moderate levels of energy poverty. The gender and level of education, housing infrastructures, and asset value played significant roles in the multidimensional energy poverty status of rural households. Consequently, the government and other stakeholders should prioritise the formulation and adoption of diverse policies regarding the underlying factors of energy poverty. The development of human resources through a greater understanding of cleaner energy sources should also be a primary focus of development interventions. As a result of the multidimensional nature of energy deprivation, its factors and transitions may alter over time. Energy policies could be designed to target households at various levels of energy poverty. Priority should be placed on conducting additional research on appropriate intervention measures to reduce energy poverty.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: implications for blood safety
(AOSIS, 2022-09) Fasola, F. A.; Fowotade, A. A.|; Faneye, A. O.; Adeleke, A.
Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors – family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative. Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors. Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests. Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion.
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus core antibodies among blood donors in Nigeria: implications for blood safety
(AOSIS, 2022-09) Fasola, F. A.; Fowotade, A. A.; Faneye, A. O.; Adeleke, A.
Background: Anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) testing improves transfusion safety by detecting past and current hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serology-negative HBV infection. However, occult HBV infection (OBI) (serum or liver HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative) remains unaddressed among replacement blood donors – family members or friends who donate to replace blood transfused to a relative. Objective: This study assessed risk factors for a positive anti-HBc test among donors with OBI and determined the anti-HBc-positive status of replacement donors. Methods: The study was conducted at the University College Hospital Blood Bank, Ibadan, Nigeria, using blood samples collected from blood donors between April 2019 and May 2019. Donors were screened for HBsAg by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and anti-HBc by ELISA, while HBV DNA was detected using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of the 274 participants, 15 (5.5%) were HBsAg-positive by RDT and 36 (13.1%) by ELISA, while 133 (48.5%) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 232 HBsAg-negative donors, 107 (46.1%) were anti-HBc positive. Of the 107 HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive samples, only one (0.93%) was HBV DNA-positive. The HBV DNA-positive donor was HBsAg-negative by both RDT and ELISA tests. Conclusion: This study establishes a potential risk for HBV transmission from isolated anti-HBc-positive donors to blood recipients. HBc immunoglobulin (antibody) M testing to identify blood units requiring further screening with polymerase chain reaction to detect OBI can prevent HBV transmission through blood transfusion.