Browsing by Author "Adeniyi, B. A."

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Comparative quality assuranc studies of sachet packaged drinking water from three states of South West Nigeria
(Ibadan University Press for the Science Association of Nigeria, 2004) Adeniyi, B. A.; Idowu, P. A.; Oladeinde, F. O.; Adeyeye, G. T.
Physicochemical and microbiological analysis of fifteen (15) samples of sachet-packaged drinking water procured from three states (Oyo, Lagos and Ogun) of South West of Nigeria were carried out to cvaluate their suitability for drinking. Physiochemical analysis for metals concentration, hardness, pH, acidity, alkalinity and conductivity determined showed that some of the samples were not within the recommended limits. Generally, the metal content of the samples was high as shown by iron in excess of 0.3mg/L in all the samples and lead in excess of 0.05mg/L in two of the samples. Microbiological examination for total counts of bacteria and fungi, the presence of faecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Vibrio sp. Salmonella sp. Shigella sp. streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Coliforms counts 10-200cfu/ml; E. coli 0.2-8.0cfu/ml; Staph.aureus 10-2000 cfu/ml and total plate count>100cfu/ml; were detected in 11, 4, 8 and 10 samples respectively out of the 15 tested: Using the standards supplied by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and. Control (NAFDAC) in Nigeria and as specified by World Health Organisation (WHO), only 13% of the water samples were suitable for drinking. The research confirms the speculations about the impure state of the sachet packaged drinking water sold in Nigeria as "pure water", about 50% of which had NAFDAC registration numbers.
Comparative Quality Assurance Studies of Sachet Packaged Drinking Water from Three States of South West Nigeria
(Science Association of Nigeria, 2004) Adeniyi, B. A.; Idowu, P. A.; Oladeinde, F. O.; Adeyeye, G. T.
Physicochemical and microbiological analysis of fifteen (15) samples of sachet-packaged drinking water procured from three states (Oyo, Lagos and Ogun) of South West of Nigeria were carried out to evaluate their suitability for drinking. Plijsiochemical analysis for metals concentration; hardness, pH, acidity, alkalinity and conductivity determined showed mat some of the samples were not within the recommended limits. Generally, the metal content of the samples was high as shown by iron in excess of 0.3mg/L in all the samples and lead in excess of 0.05mg/L in two of the samples. Microbiological examination for total counts of bacteria and fungi, the presence of faecal colifonn, Escherichia coli, Vibrio sp. Salmonella sp. Shigella sp: streptococci-and Staphylococcus aureus was performed. Coliforms counts 10-200cfu/ml; E. coli 0.2-8.Ocfu/ml; Staph,aureus 10-2000 cfu/ral and total plate count >100cfu/ml; were detected in 11, 4, 8 and 10 samples respectively out of the 15 tested: Using the standards supplied by National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and. Control (NAFDAC) in Nigeria and as specified by World Health Organisation (WHO), only 1.3% of the water samples were suitable for drinking. The research confirms the speculations about the impure state of the sachet packaged drinking water sold in Nigeria as “pure water”, about 50% of which had N AFDAC registration numbers.
Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and fractions of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. (Meliaceae) leaves
(Science Association of Nigeria, 2010) Idowu, P. A.; Adeniyi, B. A.; Moody, J. G.
The antibacterial activity and brine-shrimp lethality (BSL) assay of methanol extracts of Entandrophragma angolense, used id treat gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) infections in South-Western Nigeria was investigated. The extract and chromatographic fractions were tested at 20 and 10 mg/mi respectively against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Salmonella lyphi (clinical isolate), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli (ATC 1C 25922) and Bacillus suhlilis (ATCC 6633) using agar-well diffusion method; Minimum 'Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined by agar dilution method. Further, the extract was fractionated on siiic-a gel (70-230 mesh) using column chromatography. The diameter of zonr.s of inhibition were between) 5.0 - 30.5m m which was comparable with gentamicin (10pg/nil) used as ’’ control. The MIC was 80.0j.tg/ml on Staph, aurevs and 350pg/ml on Salmonella typhi. The more poUir fractions contained the antimicrobial com pouxr as the less polar fractions showed no antimicrobial activity as tested. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars and steroidal compounds. Brine shrimp lethality assay gave a value of 62.5f.ig/mJ. Therefore E. angoiense leaves contains antimicrobial agents and cytotoxic principles to justify its folkloric uses and pby (otherapeutio potentials in treating infections.
Cytoxicity and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and fractions of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw) C. Dc. (Meliaceae) Leaves
(Ibadan University Press for the Science Association of Nigeria, 2010) Idowu, P. A.; Adeniyi, B. A.; Moody, J. O.
The antibacterial activity and brine-shrimp lethality (BSL) assay of methanol extracts of Entandrophragma angolense, used to treat gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) infections in South-Western Nigeria was investigated. The extract and chromatographic fractions were tested at 20 and 10 mg/in! respectively against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) using agar-well diffusion method. Minimun Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined by agar dilution method. Further, the extract was fractionated on silica gel (70-230 mesh) using column chromatography. The diameter of zois of inhibition were between 15.0-30.5mm which vas comparable with gentamicin (10μg/ml) used as control. The MIC was 80.0μg/ml on Staph. aurer: and 350μg/ml on Salmonella typhi. The more polár fractions contained the antimicrobial compou de as the less polar fractions showed no antimicrobial activity as tested. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars and steroidal compounds. Brine shrimp lethality assay gave a value of 62.5μg/ml. Therefore E. angolense leaves contains antimicrobial agents and cytotoxic principles to justify its folkloric uses and phytotherapeutic potentials in treating infections.
Extracts of Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) Planch, a Nigerian medicinal plant have antibacterial and antifungal activity.
(West Bengal, India, 2024) Adeniyi, B. A.; Adagbasa, O. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Igbokwe, C. O.; Moody, J. O. B.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.
There is no overemphasizing the need for novel phytotherapeutic agents to combat the menace of drug resistance in microbial pathogens. Many plant species so far, have yielded some bioactive compounds with great promise for such drugs. Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of many microbial infections ranging from gastrointestinal infections to gonorrhea. This study is thus designed to determine the phytochemicals present in T. heudeloti and evaluate the plant’s extracts' antimicrobial activity on some bacterial and fungal isolates. The phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Soxhlet extracts using n-hexane and methanol were drying in vacuo. The methanol extract was partitioned into petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous fractions. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The MICs were determined for the extracts using the agar dilution method. The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, cardenolides, and anthraquinones in the leaf, stem bark, and root bark of T. heudelotii. The extracts showed considerable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, and fungi with dermatophytes including Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp, Microsporium canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The mean diameter of zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts ranged between 10mm+ 0.5 and 32+ 0.33mm. The methanol extracts compared favourably with the gentamycin (standard control). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.157mg/mL and 20mg/mL. The crude methanol extracts and methanol residue showed the highest activity of all the extracts while the hexane extract showed the lowest activity and the Petroleum ether fraction was inactive. These results showed the potential of T. heudelotii as a possible candidate for bioactive compounds for the discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by test pathogens.
In vitro anti-mycobacteria sensitivity and Kill-kinetics of allium ascalonicum L. (whole plant) on nontuberculous mycobacteria species
(2014-05) Igbokwe, C. O.; Lawal, T. O.; Adeniyi, B. A.
Allium ascalonicum L. (Shallot) was one of the herbs repeatedly identified from the result of our ethnobotanical survey for the treatment of tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases. It has been reported to show inhibitory potentials against several pathogens. This plant is also known to form part of the diet of many people across the world. In the quest for a more active and body-friendly therapeutic agents, extracts of Allium ascalonicum (whole plant) were screened against four nontuberculous mycobacteria species namely, Mycobacterium fortuitum ATCC 684, Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 19420, Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium phlei ATCC 19240. In vitro susceptibilities testing was done using agar diffusion method with the concentrations of extracts ranging between 25 to 200 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution methods while the kill or bactericidal kinetics was measured by viable counting technique. Methanolic extract demonstated significant inhibitory potentials against three of the organisms at the test concentrations with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 100 mg/mL, and 72-98 % kill of susceptible organisms in 24 hours. This significant activity may be due to the presence and right combination of the secondary metabolites in the plant such as alkaloids, flavonoids saponins, cardiac glycosides and essential oil, as revealed from our phytochemical screening. This study therefore confirms the scientific bases and justifies the use of Allium ascalonicum L. in traditional medicine practice in Nigeria and other parts of the world; and encourages its consumption as a natural prophylaxis against tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases.
In-Vitro Susceptibility of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis to Extracts of Uvaria Afzelli Scott Elliot and Tetracera Alnifolia Willd
(2011-01) Lawal, T. O.; Adeniyi, B. A.; Wan, B.; Franzblau, S. G.; Mahady, G. B.
Tuberculosis is a global burden with one –third of the world’s population infected with the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and an annual 2 million deaths from the disease. This high incidence of infection and the increased rate of resistant strains of the organism (MDR- and XDR- TB) have called for an urgent need to develop new anti-tuberculosis drugs from plants. The crude extract of Uvaria afzelli Scott Elliot (Annonaceae) root bark, and leaves and root bark of Tetracera alnifolia Willd. (Dilleniaceae) were investigated for anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity using the MABA assay method. Anti- Mtb activity was determined against Mtb H37RvATCC 27294 at concentrations of 100- 0.390μg/mL. The hexane and chloroform extracts of the root bark of Tetracera alnifolia and the chloroform extract of Uvaria afzelli had anti- Mtb activity with MIC <100 μg/mL. Phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites revealed the presence of tannins, triterpenoid saponins, cardiac glycoside and alkaloids. The anti- Mtb activity demonstrated by the crude extracts is attributed to the presence of tannins and other secondary metabolites which are known to have strong antimicrobial activity. The results therefore support the local use of Uvaria afzelli and Tetracera alnifolia in the treatment of cough associated with tuberculosis and other microbial infections of the respiratory tract and suggest that these plants may be of therapeutic importance in the treatment of tuberculosis.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspepsia patients in Ibadan, South West Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Adeniyi, B. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Lawal, T. O.; Oluwasola, A. O.; Odaibo, G. N.; Okolo, C.; Ola, S. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Akere, A.; Kehinde, A. O.
Helicobacter pylori infection is typically acquired shortly after birth in both low and high-income regions of the world and once the infection is established, it commonly persists lifelong unless treated. This infection has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and is probably the most important cause of relapse in those previously treated for peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; South West Nigeria. Fifty-two (52) patients who had symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited for the study and each of them went through endoscopy. Forty-three (43) (82.7%) of the patients were diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease while nine (9) (17.3%) patients were diagnosed normal. The presence of H. pylori was determined using culture and Urease Breath Test (UBT). The culture result showed that thirty-five (35) (81.4%) of the patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease had H. pylori infection also, eight (8) (88.9%) of the normal patients were culture positive for H. pylori. The UBT result showed that 65.1% of the diagnosed peptic ulcer patients were positive for H. pylori, also 55.6% of the normal patients were found UBT positive for H. pylori. In all, H. pylori infection is very common among dyspepsia patients and the organism is closely associated with the disease in South West Nigeria.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspepsia patients in Ibadan, South West Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Adeniyi, B. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Lawal, T. O.; Oluwasola, A. O.; Odaibo, G. N.; Okolo, C.; Ola, S. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Akere, A.; Kehinde, A. O.
Helicobacter pylori infection is typically acquired shortly after birth in both low and high-income regions of the world and once the infection is established, it commonly persists life long unless treated. This infection has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and is probably the most important cause of relapse in those previously treated for peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; South West Nigeria. Fifty-two (52) patients who had symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited for the study and each of them went through endoscopy. Forty-three (43) (82.7%) of the patients were diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease while nine (9) (17.3%) patients were diagnosed normal. The presence of H. pylori was determined using culture and Urease Breath Test (UBT). The culture result showed that thirty-five (35) (81.4%) of the patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease had H. pylori infection also, eight (8) (88.9%) of the normal patients were culture positive for H. pylori. The UBT result showed that 65.1% of the diagnosed peptic ulcer patients were positive for H. pylori, also 55.6% of the normal patients were found UBT positive for H. pylori. In all, H. pylori infection is very common among dyspepsia patients and the organism is closely associated with the disease in South West Nigeria.
Susceptibility patterns of common bacteria and fungal species isolated from sexually transmitted diseased patients to xylopia aethiopica (annonaceae)
(2003-09) Oluremi, B. B.; Adeniyi, B. A.
The hexane and methanolic extracts of the leaves, stem, stem bark, and root bark of Xylopia aethiopica were investigated for their anti-microbial activities against some common bacteria and fungal strains isolated from sexually transmitted diseased patients and some standard organisms. The hexane and methanol crude extracts showed varying degrees of anti-microbial activities at varying concentrations while the stem bark exhibited significant broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity. The methanolic extract of the stem bark showed better activity than hexane, was fractionated and the four fractions collected were tested for their antimicrobial activity against the organisms implicated in STD at a concentration of 10mg/ml. The results suggest that the active fractions A and B contain constituents which can be isolated, characterized and identified for effective management of both bacterial and fungal STD’s. Preliminary Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids. sugars, cardiac glycoside and saponins and the absence of anthraquinones and tannins.