Browsing by Author "Adesanoye, O. A."

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Effect of tenofovir, an antiretroviral drug, on hepatic and renal functional indices of Wistar rats: protective role of vitamin E
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH (De Gruyter), 2012) Adaramoye, O. A.; Adewumi, M. A.; Adesanoye, O. A.; Faokunla, O. O.; Farombi, E. O.
Tenofovir (TFR) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against human immunodeficiency virus. We studied the effect of TFR administered to Wistar rats on hepatic and renal function markers and the possible modulatory role of vitamin E (Vit E). The study consists of four groups of six rats each. The fi rst group served as control, the second group received TFR at 50 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, third group received TFR and Vit E, and the last group received Vit E alone. TFR administration caused a significant (p< 0.05) increase in the levels of serum urea, creatinine, urinary glucose, and protein by 65 % , 51 % , 88 % , and 79 % , respectively, relative to controls. This was followed by a signifi cant (p< 0.05) reduction in creatinine clearance of TFR-treated rats. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the activities of serum aminotransferases,, glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase in TRF-treated rats relative to controls. TFR administration caused a marked elevation of malondial dehyde (MDA; index of lipid peroxidation) in the animals. Specifi cally, serum, hepatic, and renal MDA levels increased by 75 % , 90 % , and 102 % , respectively. TRFtreated rats had signifi cantly (p < 0.05) reduced activities of renal catalase, glutathione- S -transferase, and superoxide dismutase. Supplementation of Vit E ameliorated TFR-induced effects by decreasing the levels of MDA and enhancing the activities of renal antioxidative enzymes. The biochemical data were supported by histopathological fi ndings from the slides.TFR increased oxidative stress and altered kidney function markers in the rats, whereas supplementation of Vit E attenuated these effects.
Evaluation of antioxidant properties of Mallotus oppositifolium in in-vitro, in-vivo and ex-vivo model systems
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2010) Adedara, I. A.; Adesanoye, O. A.; Farombi, E. O.
The protective effect of antioxidants and naturai !y occurring substances against oxidative stress damage has recently attracted much attention. The ieaves of Mallotus oppositifolium, a shrub of thè famìly Euphorbiacea that grows in many parts of Africa, are used in folk medicine and herbal preparations for die treatment of dysentery, worms and malaria. The study in vestigated thè antioxidant properties of thè methanolic extract of thè Ieaves of Mallotus oppositifolium (MEMO) in comparison with butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) as a standard antioxidant using three free radicai generators viz hydrophilic radicai generator 2,2-azobis(2- amidino propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), hydrophobic radicai generator 2,2-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) and hydroxyl radicai and non-specific radicai generator Fe2+/ascorbate System in an in vitro, in vivo and ex-vivo model systems. Phytochemical analysis of thè Ieaves extract was al so assessed. Phytochemical analysis of thè powdered Ieaves revealed thè presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardenolides and saponins. In vitro study indicated that while MEMO failed to inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by AAPH, while BHA offered 55.5% inhibition. In addition, while AMVN- induced LPO was inhibited by 17.7% and 29.4% by MEMO and BHArespectively, Fe2+/ascorbate system- induced LPO was inhibited by 57.9% and 78.9% by MEMO and BHArespectively. Ex-vivo studies showed that MEMO at lOOmg/kg bw reduced malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels by 34.5% and 12.0% respectively compared with thè control. In vivo, MEMO increased (P<0.05) superoxide dismutase and calai ase activities by 408.0% and 295.0% respectively. Taken together, this study demonstrates that MEMO exhibits antioxidant, radicai scavenging and enhancement of enzymatic antioxidant capacity and as such could intervene in toxicological processes mediated by free radicai mechanisms.
Influence of Chloramphenicol and Amoxicillin on Rat Liver Microsomal Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation
(2014-09) Adesanoye, O. A.; Ifezue, A. O. C.; Farombi, E. O.
Generation of reactive oxygen species beyond the antioxidant capacity of biological system has been reported to give rise to oxidative stress which through a series of events deregulates cellular functions, leading to oxidative damage and various pathological conditions. This study examined the effect of chloramphenicol and amoxicillin on liver microsomal enzymes Ca2+-ATPase and Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-P) and lipid peroxidation in rats. Male Wistar strain rats weighing 120 – 195 g were divided into four groups. Group one, the control group, received physiological saline, group two received Amoxicillin at 10.71 mg/kg, group three received Chloramphenicol at 28.57 mg/kg, while group four was administered combination of chloramphenicol and amoxicillin. Drugs were administered for ten days and the animals sacrificed on the eleventh day. Detection of oxidation in liver microsomal fraction was carried out by assessment of lipid peroxidation and conjugated diene. Ca2+-ATPase and G-6-P activities and total protein content were also measured. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Student’s T-Test. Significant (p<0.05) decreases in G-6-P activity by 55.30%, 38.37%, 55.30% and Ca2+-ATPase activity by 38.99%, 30.16%, 26.88% were recorded with chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and chloramphenicol/amoxicillin treatments respectively when compared with the control group while total microsomal protein content was depleted by 70.50% 79.27%, 75.87% respectively. TBARS and Diene Conjugation were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in the treated groups. Findings from this study suggest that Chloramphenicol and Amoxicillin induced oxidative stress in rats and perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis presumably due to generation of free radicals.
Studies on the toxicological effect of nevirapine, an antiretroviral drug, on the liver, kidney and testis of male Wistar rats
(SAGE Publications, 2011-10) Adaramoye, O. A.; Adesanoye, O. A.; Adewumi, O. M.; Akanni, O.
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 8 (6), pp. 941-948,We investigated the toxic effect of nevirapine (NVP; Viramune1), an antiretroviral drug, on the liver, kidney and testis of Wistar rats. Twenty-one rats were assigned into 3 groups of 7 animals each. The first group served as control, and the second and third groups received NVP at 18 and 36 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Clinical signs of toxicity were not observed in the animals. NVP at both doses did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the body weight gain, relative weights of kidney and testis, serum protein, urea, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase levels of the animals. However, NVP2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the relative weight of liver, level of serum total bilirubin and activities of g-glutamyl transferase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases. NVP administration caused a dose-dependent, significant (p < 0.05) elevation of lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver, kidney and testis of the rats. Hepatic, renal and testicular MDA were increased by 107%, 80% and 163%, respectively, in NVP2-treated rats. Elevation in MDA was accompanied by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of hepatic, renal and testicular superoxide dismutase and catalase. NVP2 caused 43% and 32% decrease in spermatozoa motility and live/dead sperm count, respectively, and 94% increase in total sperm abnormalities. Histopathological findings showed that NVP2 caused degeneration of seminiferous tubules in testis, and severe necrosis in liver slides. NVP induced oxidative stress with corresponding decrease in antioxidant status of the rats. The changes in sperm parameters and, elevation of liver marker enzymes suggest an interference of NVP2 with these organs.