Browsing by Author "Adeyi, A.O."

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A preliminary survey of amphibians from the Idanre Forest Ecosystem, southwestern Nigeria
(Arak University (Department of Environmental Sciences), 2021) Ugo, A.I; Nneji, L.M.; Adedeji, B.E.; Adeyi, A.O.
This study was conducted to provide a checklist of amphibian species in the Idanre forest ecosystem (lowland - Idanre Forest Reserve, and highland - Idanre Hills) based on field surveys carried out during June - July 2018. A total of 218 individuals, comprising 11 species from six genera belonging to five families, were observed. A high number of individuals and species were observed in the lowland (Idanre Forest Reserve) compared to the highland (Idanre Hills) region. All species recorded from the study sites are categorized as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List, except for the critically endangered and endemic Sclerophys perreti. We acknowledge that this study is preliminary; thus, we offer recommendations for a comprehensive survey to unveil the amphibian species richness and abundance as well as patterns of species’ adaptation.
Ameliorative effects of methanolic extract of Ficus exasperata (Vahl.) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatopathy in albino rats
(ScopeMed, 2017) Adeyi, A.O.; Akwarandu, B.D.; Adeyi, E.O.
Aim/Background: This study investigated the ameliorative potentials of methanol leaf extract of Ficus exasperata against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatopathy in rats. Methods: A total of 30 adult male Wistar strain albino rats divided into five treatments and one control groups were used for the study. Hepatopathy was induced in four of the experimental groups (Group B-E) by a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.4 ml of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) dissolved in paraffin wax. Groups B-D were thereafter treated with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of the extract daily for 7 days while Group E was the positive control. Results: Administration of CCl4 induced hepatopathy in all exposed rats as indicated by significantly higher (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase) compared to the pre-treatment levels and the control rats. Untreated hepatopathy caused progressive reduction in food consumption with concomitant reduction in body weight, acute anemia, hypohemoglobinemia, thrombocytopenia, increased oxidative stress biomarkers and diffuse vacuolation of the hepatocytes. Treatment with the extract however attenuated the liver damage by significant reduction in serum sliver enzymes concentrations to levels comparable to the control rats. Similarly, treated rats showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in weight gain, improved hematological parameters, reduction in oxidative stress biomarkers and amelioration of various hepatic degenerations. The presence of vitamins B and C, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and various minerals with antioxidizing potentials in the methanolic extract of F. exasperata might have accounted for the observed ameliorative properties through free radical scavenging. Conclusion: We, however, suggest further studies to isolate and characterize the components in the plants responsible for these properties.
"An in vivo assessment of inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in Echis ocellatus-venom induced cardiotoxicity"
(Elsevier, 2022) Ajisebiola, B.S.; Fawole, A.B.; Adeyi, O.E.; Adeyi, A.O.
Echis ocellatus is one of the many viper species that accounts for severe pathophysiological alterations in tissues of organs after envenoming. However, limited information regarding the potential cardiac toxicity due to viper envenoming is available. This current study investigated cardiotoxicity associated with E. ocellatus envenoming in rat model. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 140 and 180 g were divided randomly into two groups (n = 10). Rats in group 1 (control) were injected with saline while rats in group 2 were envenomed intraperitoneally with 0.055 mg/kg−1 (LD6.25) of E. ocellatus venom. The rats were envenomed on day 1 with a repeated dose administered on day 15, afterwards the animals were monitored till day 30. The venom caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in body and heart weights including the heart index of envenomed rats compared to the control. Levels of malondialdehyde significantly (P<0.05) increased with decrease in glutathione concentration and catalase activity in heart tissues of envenomed rats. E. ocellatus venom elevated proinflammatory cytokines response as levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin1‐beta significantly (P < 0.05) increased in cardiac tissues of the envenomed rats compared to control. The venom induced severe morphological defects in the heart tissues of envenomed rats indicating that E. ocellatus venom could actuate cardiotoxicity post envenoming.
Anti-inflammatory activity and toxicological effect of Securidaca longepedunculata (Fresen.) root bark extract in albino rats
(ScopeMed, 2017) Gbadamosi, I.T.; Adeyi, A.O.; Agbatutu, A.
Aim: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory potential and toxicological effect of Securidaca longepedunculata root bark methanol extract in formalin-induced paw edema in albino rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 35 male albino rats divided into seven groups of five rats each (Groups 1-7) were used for the study. Paw edema was induced in Groups 1-5 by injection of 0.1 ml of 2% formalin in the sub-planter region of the left hind paw. Three of the induced Groups (1-3) were treated with 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg of the 70% methanol extract of S. longepedunculata, respectively. The fourth group was treated with indomethacin while the fifth group was the positive control. Groups 6 and 7 served as the extract and normal control, respectively. Results: Treatment with various doses of S. longepedunculata resulted in marked decrease of paw edema after the 6 days of treatment. Rats treated with 100 and 300 mg/kg of the extract had the highest (93.01%) and least (77.25%) percentage inhibition, respectively. A dose-dependent increase in levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in rats treated with the extract coupled with mild hepatocellular vacuolations observed in the histology of the liver was indicative of liver impairment. An elevated level of white blood cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes in the treated groups are suggestive of their roles in combating inflammation. Conclusion: The root extract of S. longepedunculata showed anti-inflammatory activity in rats and could be a good alternative drug in the management of inflammatory diseases.
"Antidiabetic activity of methanol root extract of Aristolochia bracteolata L. (Aristolochiaceae) on alloxan induced diabetic rats"
(Klobex Academic Publishers for Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology, 2018) Gbadamosi,I.T.; Adeyi, A.O.; Owoye, O.
This study investigated the hypoglycaemic activity of methanolic root extract of Aristolochia bracteolata in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male albino rats weighing between 120-150g divided into six groups of five rats each were used for the study. Group 1 served as normal control while Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 were induced with 150mg/kg alloxan monohydrate dissolved in 0.9% sterile saline and group 6 served as the extract control. Group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with 100, 300mg/kg of the plant extract and 10mg/kg of glibenclamide respectively for seven days. Group 5 was not treated post induction and served as the diabetic control group. Induction of alloxan increased blood glucose level, reduced the haematological parameters and increased the biochemical enzymes in the untreated group. However, treatment with the plant extract and glibenclamide caused marked decreased in the blood glucose level and improved the heamatological indices. The results further showed a marked decrease in ALT, AST and ALP activity in the treatment groups when compared with the positive control group. These findings showed that A. bracteolata possess potent antidiabetic properties and beneficial in the management of Type 1 diabetes.
Antivenom activity of Moringa oleifera leave against pathophysiological alterations, somatic mutation and biological activities of Naja nigricollis venom
(Elsevier, 2020) Adeyi, A.O.; Ajisebiola, S.B.; Adeyi, E.O.; Alimba, C.G.; Okorie, U.G.
Moringa oleifera is a plant that has several medicinal properties, however, there are dearth of scientific information on the antivenom activities. This study therefore focused on the neutralizing activities of ethanol leaves extract of M. oleifera against Naja nigricollis venom toxicity in rats. For the in vivo study, forty male Albino wistar rats weighing between 180 and 195 g were randomly divided into eight groups of five rats each. Group 1 were in- jected with normal saline. Groups 2–7 were envenomed by a single intraperitoneal injec- tion of 1.0 mg/kg (LD 50 ) of the venom while groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 100, 20 0, 30 0, 40 0 mg/kg of the extract and 0.2 ml of EchiTAB PLUS-ICP polyvalent antivenom, respectively. Group 7 was not treated post envenomation and group 8 was administered with plant extract only. Treatment with M. oleifera reversed acute anemia, significantly de- creased ( P < 0.05) plasma levels of the liver enzymes compared to the untreated group. There was significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythro- cytes in the treated groups compared to the normal control. There was a dose depen- dent inhibition of the hemorrhage and hemolysis induced by the venom in the groups treated with extract. The clotting time was prolonged in groups treated with extract and antivenom compared to the untreated group. Also, the antibodies (IgG) titre was signifi- cantly higher ( p < 0.5) in untreated group compared to other treated groups. The results obtained in this study indicated that M. oleifera possesses potent antivenom properties and emphasized its potential use for the treatment of snakebites.
Biolarvicidal efficacies of entomopathogenic microorganisms isolated from the breeding sites of mosquitoes in Osogbo town, southwestern Nigeria
(Entomological Society of Southern Africa (ESSA), 2012) Adeleke, M.A.; Oyebamiji, A.A.; Hassan, A.O.; Adeyi, A.O.; Wahab, A.A.; Olaitan, J.O.; Olatunde, G.O.
Biosynthesis, characterization and antivenom activities of Moringa oleifera silver nanoparticles: an experimental approach
(Zoological Society of Nigeria, 2023) Adeyi, A.O.; Olowookorun, T.O.; Ajisebiola, B.S.; Labulo, H.A.; Adeyi, O.E.; Ibrahim, H.
Moringa oleifera has been previously established to possess neutralizing potentials against Echis ocellatus venom. This study however, investigated the bioefficacy of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from M. oleifera leaf extract aimed at improving its bioactivity against E. ocellatus venom-induced toxicities using in vivo and in vitro methods. The intrinsic characteristics of the produced M. oleifera-Silver nanoparticles (MO-AgNPs) were carried out using energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Twenty-five male Wistar rats divided randomly into five groups (n=5) were used for the antivenom study. Group 1 received saline while groups 2 to 5 were envenomed intraperitoneally with 0.22mg/kg (LD50) of E. ocellatus venom. Group 2 was left untreated while groups 3 to 5 were treated with 0.2ml of antivenom, 5 and 10mg/kg MO-AgNPs post-envenomation, respectively. Blood and tissue of treated rats were analyzed for heamatological parameters and histopathology, respectively. The MO-AgNPs formation was confirmed with a colour change from light brown to yellowish-brown with maximum SPR band at 420nm from UV-Vis analysis, indicating a reflection of the bio-reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. The Transmission electron micrographs showed well dispersed spherical AgNPs with average particle size of 15.7nm. Treatment with MO-AgNPs caused a significant improvement of acute anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia induced by the venom in the envenomed treated rats. Also, MO-AgNPs inhibited the haemorrhagic, haemolytic and anticoagulant activities of the venom. Tissue lesions observed in heart of envenomed untreated rats were attenuated after treatment with MO-AgNPs. The biosynthesized MO-AgNPs exhibited potent neutralizing potentials than M. oleifera crude extract against E. ocellatus venom toxicities.
Co-administration of sodium selenite and sodium arsenite exacerbates hepatic, renal, pulmonary and splenic inflammation in rats
(Elsevier, 2021) Adeyi, O.E.; Babayemi, D.O.; Ajayi, B.O.; Adeyi, A.O.; Ayodeji, A.H.; Oguntayo, A.O.; Adeyemi, A.T.; Olaiyapo, O.E.; Adeoye, S.T.
This study examined the effect of co-administration of sodium selenite (SS) and sodium arsenite (SA) on inflammation in rats. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were separated into 6 groups of five animals each. Group I (control) was given distilled water, groups II, III, IV and V were exposed to 20 and 40 ppm SA in drinking water, but in addition to that, groups IV and V only were co-exposed with 0.25 mg/kg bwt SS, while group VI was exposed to 0.25 mg/kg bwt SS only orally. Following 5 weeks of exposure, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, IL-1 βand IL-6) were increased in SA-exposed groups. Synergistic and antagonistic effects were observed in co-exposed groups depending on dose and the spe- cific tissue being considered. Synergism was observed in tissues co-exposed to higher dose (40 ppm) of SA + 0.25 mg/kgbwt SS except in the liver, where these markers were de- creased compared with control. Level of IL-10 (anti-inflammatory marker) decreased in all the tissues investigated except in the lungs of animals co-exposed with 40 ppm SA. There was alteration in tissue architecture, revealing steatosis and hemorrhagic lesions as the common features in co-exposed groups. Results obtained indicate that the dose of SS used in this study may be toxic and not therapeutic against SA-induced tissue inflammation in rats.
"Combined use of earthworm (Alma millsoni) and bacterium (Bacillus sp.) improved the bioremediation of spent engine oil contaminated soil"
(Taylor & Franciis, 2018) Adeyi, A.O.; Nneji, L.M.; Adeyi, E.O.; Somade, O.T.; Agbaogun, B.K.
This study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of the combined use of earthworm (Alma millsoni) and bacterium (Bacillus sp.) in the bioremediation of spent engine oil (SEO) contaminated soils. A. millisoni were collected from the Botanical Garden of University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The stock culture of hydrocarbonoclastic Bacillus sp. was used for the bioremediation study. A set-up of eight pots containing 1000 g soil sample and 20 g of cow dung were mixed with 100, 75, 50 and 0 mL SEO respectively. Each of the set up was subjected to bioremediation agents; A. millisoni alone, Bacillus sp alone, A. millisoni and Bacillus sp, no treatment (control) in duplicate. Treatment of 100 ml SEO contaminated soil with combined A. millisoni and Bacillus sp resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of TPH and heavy metals (Ni and Pb), higher microbial activity and C: N ratio than the other treatments. The effectiveness of the bioremediating agents as indicated by reduction in the indices of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution followed the pattern: vermibacterium > bacterium > vermi-remediating agents. Earthworms exposed to 100mLSEO-contaminated soil had higher CAT, SOD, and GPx activities compared to the control. Findings indicated that A. millisoni with Bacillus sp. can synergistically improve bioremediation of SEO contaminated soils.
Distribution of bacteria and fungi in the earthworm Libyodrillus violaceous (Annelida: Oligochaeta), a native earthworm from Nigeria.
(University of Costa Rica, 2006) Idowu, A.B.; Edema, M.O.; Adeyi, A.O.
Earthworms are soil invertebrates that play a key role in recycling organic matter in soils. In Nigeria, earthworms include Libyodrillus violaceous. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts, as well as fungal counts of viable microorganisms in soils and gut sections, were made on twenty L. violaceous collected from different sites on the campus of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. The samples were collected between April and November, 2002. Numbers of microorganisms were higher in castings and gut sections than in uningested soil samples. The guts and their contents also had higher moisture and total nitrogen contents than the un-ingested soils. Bacteria and fungi isolated from the samples were identified by standard microbiological procedures on the bases of their morphological and biochemical characteristics. Isolated bacteria were identified as Staphylococcus, Bacillus spp., seudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans, Clostridium, Spirocheata spp.,Azotobacter spp., Micrococcus lylae, Acinetobacter spp., Halobacterium for bacteria. Yeast isolates were identified as Candida spp., Zygosaccharomyces spp., Pichia spp., and Saccharomyces spp while molds were identified as, Aspergillus spp., Pytium spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp and Rhizopus spp. Of the five locations examined, the refuse dump area had the highest numbers of both aerobic and anaerobic organisms, followed by the arboretum while the cultivated land area recorded the lowest counts. The higher numbers of microorganisms observed in the gut sections and casts of the earthworms examined in this work reinforce the general concept that the gut and casts of earthworms show higher microbial diversity and activity than the surrounding soil. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54(1): 49-58. Epub 2006 Mar 31.
"Earthworm-assisted bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated soils from motorcar mechanic workshops in Ibadan, Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria"
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Nneji, L.M.; Somade, O.T.; Adeyi, A.O.
Enhanced microbial bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated (PHC) soils with the earthworm Alma millisoni and the bacterium Bacillus spp. was conducted. The petroleum-contaminated topsoils (PCTS) (0–15 cm) collected from motorcar mechanic workshops were thoroughly mixed, sieved, and air dried for 7 days. The pH, water holding capacity (WHC), total nitrogen (N), organic carbon (OC), heavy metal (HM), and bacteriological analysis of the soil samples were evaluated. The indigenous bacterial isolates were subjected to 1%, 5%, and 50% of spent engine oil (SEO), incubated for 7 days at 37_C, and the isolate with the highest tolerance pattern was used for the remediation. Out of four indigenous bacteria isolated, Bacillus spp. had the highest tolerance to SEO. Preliminary exposure assessments of A. millisoni to PHC soils (100%, 60%, 50%, and 40% PHC) were carried out using 48-h avoidance response, coiling exhibition, swollen clitelium, 14-day survival tests, and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Subsequently, four treatments of 1 kg soil mixed with 100%, 75%, 50%, and 0% PCTS were designed and spiked with 20 g of dried cow dung. Each of the treatments consisted of four setups, viz., A. millisoni alone, A. millisoni and Bacillus spp., Bacillus spp. alone, and control. The bacterial counts, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), total and bioavailable HM, and total OC and N of the soils were evaluated every 7 days for 35 days. Significant increases in the activities of CAT, SOD, GPx, and GST compared with control were recorded in A. millisoni exposed to the various treatments. Treatment with combined A. millisoni and Bacillus spp. resulted in significant (p < .05) reduction in TPH, reduction in total and bioavailable heavy metals, and increased total OC and N of the soil compared with other treatments. The percentage reduction in TPH and heavy metals with concomitant increase in total OC and total N recorded in the 50% PHC soils followed the order A. millisoni and Bacillus spp. > A. millisoni alone > Bacillus spp. alone.Hence, enhanced bioremediation using A. millisoni and Bacillus spp. may be a good biocatalyst in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated soils.
"Echis ocellatus Venom-Induced Reproductive Pathologies in Rat Model; Roles of Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines"
(MDPI, 2022) Ajisebiola, B.S.; Alamu, P.I.; James, A.S.; Adeyi, A.O.
This study reported reproductive pathologies associated with Echis ocellatus venom in animal model. Twenty male Wistar rats with body weight between 180 and 220 g were selected randomly into two groups (n = 10). Rats in group 1 served as the control while rats in group 2 were envenomed with a single intraperitoneal injection of 0.055 mg/kg􀀀1 (LD6.25) of E. ocellatus venom on the first day and a repeated dose on the twenty fifth day. Both control and envenomed rats were monitored for fifty consecutive days. The venom caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in sperm motility, count, and volume, with increased sperm anomalies in envenomed rats compared to the control. Likewise, serum concentrations of male reproductive hormones were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in envenomed rats. Increased levels of malondialdehyde were accompanied by a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in reduced glutathione and catalase activity in the epididymis and testis tissues of envenomed rats. The venom enhanced the release of epididymal and testicular tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin1-beta compared to the control. Furthermore, severe pathological defects were noticed in tissues of the testis and epididymis of envenomed rats. This study demonstrated that E. ocellatus venom toxins can induce reproductive dysfunction in male victims of snake envenoming.
"Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Moringa oleifera Leaves Mollified Toxicological Activities Actuated by Bitis arietans (Puff adder) Venom"
("Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, Univ. of Ilorin, Nigeria", 2022) Ajisebiola, B.S.; Oyinlola, R.R.; Akintunde, S.O.; Paul, O.; Adeyi, A.O.
Bitis arietans (Puff adder) venom possess numerous biological active toxins exhibiting toxicological actions after envenoming. Moringa oleifera crude extract has been documented to extenuate toxicities induced by B. arietans venom. This study reported the efficacy of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvent fractions obtained from crude extract of M. oleifera against the lethal dose toxicity, biological activities and oxidative stress induced by B.arietans venom to ascertain the best fraction with active antivenom phytochemicals. Forty-five male rats were randomly selected into nine groups (n=5) for the anti-oxidative stress study. Groups 1 served as control; group 2 to 9 were envenomed by a single intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 mg/kg (LD50) of the venom. Group 2 was not treated post envenomation while groups 3 was treated with polyvalent antivenom. Group 4, 6 and 8 were treated with 300 mg/kg while group 5, 7 and 9 were treated with 600 mg/kg of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvent fractions of M. oleifera respectively. High dose of M. oleifera ethyl acetate solvent fraction best neutralized the lethal dose toxicity and strongly inhibited the heamorrhagic and anticoagulant activities of B. arietans venom. The venom induced oxidative stress with significant (P<0.05) enhancement of Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Malondialdehyde levels in serum and heart tissues of untreated envenomed rats. However, ethyl acetate solvent fraction was most effective in normalizing the antioxidant enzyme activities of envenomed treated rats. Results showed that ethyl acetate fraction of M. oleifera possesses active antivenom phytochemicals against B. arietans venom induced toxicities.
"Evaluation of long-term dermal exposure to soil contaminated with spent engine oil in male Wistar rats: An experimental approach"
(Sage, 2020) Obiyo, G.E.; Ogunsuyi, O.M.; Adeyi, A.O.
Continuous occupational exposure to spent engine oil (SEO) poses physiological risks to humans, especially to automobile mechanics. This study investigated the physiological effects of SEO-contaminated soil in a male Wistar rat model. Animals were dermally exposed to soil contaminated with SEO for 120 consecutive days and compared with rats exposed to uncontaminated soil (negative control). Heavy metal (lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc, and cadmium (Cd)) accumulations, hematology, biochemical (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine) parameters, sperm morphology, and histopathology (liver, kidney, lungs, brain, skin, and testis) were evaluated as end points. Results revealed that the heavy metals in SEO-contaminated soil are far greater than the World Health Organisation permissible limits, with significant (p < 0.05) increases of Pb and Ni present in the brain, and Pb and Cd in the serum compared with the uncontaminated soil for the negative control. Only significant (p < 0.05) values were observed in the lymphocytes, activities of AST and ALP, and sperm abnormalities of the exposed rats compared with those used for the negative control. Histopathological changes were not evident in the brain but lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, lungs, skin, and testis of the exposed rats. Results herein suggest that the constituents of SEO may elicit harmful physiological changes to humans who are directly exposed to them.
Ferulic acid mitigates 2-methoxyethanol-induced testicular oxidative stress via combined downregulation of FoxO1, PTEN, and modulation of Nrf2-Hmox1-NQO1 signaling pathway in rats
(Elsevier, 2023) Adeyi, O.E.; Somade, O.T.; James, A.S.; Adeyi, A.O.; Ogbonna-Eze, S.N.; Salako, O.Q; Makinde, T.V.; Ajadi, O.M.; Nosiru, S.A.
INTRODUCTION: Ferulic acid (FERA) is a natural antioxidant that is richly found in herbs, including Ligusticum chuangxiong, Cimicifuga heracleifolia, and female ginseng (Angelica sinensis), which are utilized in modern Chinese medicine, and in cereals/grains including rice, which is mostly consumed by humans. 2METE on the other hand, is a ubiquitous substance that has many industrial applications, including use in the preparation of dyes for textiles, hydraulic fluid for automobiles, paints, and liquid soaps. It is a testicular toxin, which can induce oxidative stress in the testis of rats. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of FERA, which was concomitantly administered, against 2-methoxyethanol (2METE)-induced testicular oxidative stress in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats totaling twenty (20), separated into four (4) groups, were used for the study. Rats in group one served as the control, rats in groups two and three were administered 100 mg/kg of 2METE only for 30 consecutive days, but only rats in group three were concomitantly treated with 50 mg/kg of FERA for the same duration, while rats in group four were treated with 50 mg/kg of FERA only. RESULTS: Following analysis, 2METE administration caused a significant reduction in the relative testes weight (RTW), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the testis of rats compared with the control. Moreover, 2METE administration also significantly increased the testicular levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and RNA gene expressions of heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) compared with the control. FERA treatment, on the other hand, significantly decreased the testicular levels of MDA, as well as Nrf2, Hmox1, PTEN, and FoxO1 gene expressions, and significantly increased the testic- ular GSH and NQO1 levels, activities of GST, SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) compared with 2METE only administered rats. CONCLUSION: 2METE-induced testicular oxidative stress, marked by the depletion of the endogenous antioxidant systems, was recorded, which resulted in the activation of PTEN, FoxO1, and Nrf2 genes in rats. FERA demon- strated a strong antioxidant effect by restoring the levels and activities of the endogenous antioxidants as well as downregulating the expressions of PTEN, FoxO1, and Nrf2 in the testis of rats.
Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract abrogates metabolic syndrome in rats: In vivo evaluation of hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive and antioxidant properties
(Elsevier, 2021) Adeyi, A.O.; Awosanya, S.A.; Adeyi, O.E.; James. A.S.; Adenipekun, C.O.
BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and central obesity remains a global menace. Ganoderma lucidum possesses various beneficial bioactivities. This study, thus, evaluated the efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract (GLEE) against MetS complications in rats. METHODOLOGY: Thirty male rats were randomized into six groups (n =5): Control, MetS control, MetS +standard drugs, MetS +GLEE (26 mg/kg), MetS +GLEE (44 mg/kg), and MetS +GLEE (70 mg/kg). Bodyweight, blood sugar, and pressure were monitored. Animals were sacrificed following two weeks of GLEE treatment post-MetS induction. Blood, pancreas, heart, liver, and kidney were collected for biochemical and histopathological ana-lyses. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG), plasma and lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) cholesterol (CHOL) levels, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, were estimated in the pancreas, heart, liver, and kidneys. RESULTS: GLEE Phyto-analysis revealed terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. A dose-dependent total antioxidant capacity and, a near dose-dependent DPPH radical scavenging, and ferric ion reducing ability were exhibited by GLEE in vitro. GLEE (70 mg/kg) reversed significantly (p <0.05) the MetS-induced hyperglycemia and hypertension. Furthermore, increments in plasma TAG, CHOL, LDL, and MDA levels reduced dose- dependently. Increased CAT (pancreas and heart) and SOD (the four organs) activities and, NRF2 protein levels significantly reduced in GLEE-treated group relative to MetS control. Histological evidence suggests that GLEE abated the MetS- induced cytomorphological derangements in the organs. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that GLEE may be a viable regimen against MetS and its attendant complications.
Gut Microflora and Microfauna of Earthworm Species in the Soils of the Research Farms of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis, 2008) Idowu, A.B.; Edema, M.O.; Adeyi, A.O.
The present study investigated the microbial biomass (microflora and fauna) present in soil samples, gut sections and casts of earthworms collected from research farm areas on the campus of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. Keffia proxipora, Libyodrilus violacaeus and Hippoporera nigereae were the earthworm species identified from the soil samples. Isolated microflora included bacteria, yeasts and moulds while microfauna identified were protozoa and nematodes. For all samples of soil, casts and earthworms, the differences observed in counts of microflora and microfauna were significant at a level of p < 0.05. Casts stored for 2 weeks had higher pH and bacterial counts than those obtained from fresh castings. However, the pH values and nitrogen contents of both the fresh and stored casts were significantly higher than those for un-ingested soil samples. Among the earthworms identified, Libyodrillus violacaeus recorded the highest values of microflora and microfauna counts, significantly higher than values obtained for the other earthworm species. The hind gut of Libyodrillus violacaeus also had the highest bacterial, protozoal and yeast counts as well as total viable counts of microflora. Both micro-flora and fauna were found to increase in numbers during gut passage in all worms collected except for nematodes which were observed to reduce significantly in numbers during gut passage, with total disappearance in the mid and hind gut sections of some earthworm species.
Induction and activity of glutathione S-transferases extracted from Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae) exposed to insecticides
(Springer Nature, 2015) Adeyi, A.O.; Akozi, G.O.; Adeleke, M.A.; Agbaogun, B.K.O.; Idowu, A.B.
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been recognized as important metabolic detoxifying enzymes in many phytophagous insects. However, the contribution of GST to insecticide resistance in Zonocerus variegatus (L.) has not been studied. Therefore, we carried out an initial study on the induction and kinetics of GST in Z. variegatus exposed to pyrethroids (PYRs) and Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract. Fifth-instar nymphs of Z. variegatus collected from cassava farms (with no history of insecticide exposure) on the campus of the University of Ibadan were reared to adult stage. Adult insects were divided into four groups of two replicates, each consisting of 30 insects. The groups were exposed to 20 ml of PYR insecticide and 25mg/dl and 250 mg/dl of O. gratissimum leaf extract, respectively, while the last group served as the control. GST was extracted from the body tissues of the insects using the Bradford method and the kinetics of the enzyme was evaluated using the Lineweaver–Burk plots. No mortality was recorded in insects exposed to 25 mg/dl of O. gratissimum leaf extract, while mortality rates of 93.3 and 43.3% were recorded in insects exposed to PYR insecticide and 250mg/dl of O. gratissimum leaf extract, respectively. The activity of GST was higher in insects exposed to the insecticides than in the control insects, while a higher enzyme activity was recorded in insects that died after exposure to the insecticides than in insects that were alive after exposure. The GST extracted from insects that were alive after exposure to PYR insecticide and O. gratissimum leaf extract exhibited a high affinity for the glutathione substrate compared with that extracted from insects that died after exposure. Higher GST activity in insects exposed to insecticides is indicative of the role of this enzyme in the metabolic detoxification of insecticides by Z. variegatus.
Influence of colour on oviposition of mosquitoes breeding in artificial containers in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
(Researcher Connect Innovation and Impact Private Limited and MRI, 2008) Soniran, O.T.; Adeleke, M.A.; Adeyi, A.O.; Amusan, A.A.S.
Nine species of mosquitoes were encountered during the study period. Ae. aegypti was the most abundant species constituting 75.39% of the total larvae collected followed by Culex quinquefasciatus (7.92%) and Aedes metallicus (6.83%). Other species were Aedes circumleteolus (6.54%), Culex dutoni (1.62%), Aedes albopictus (0.85%), Aedes taylori (0.74%), Aedes caballus (0.08%) and Aedes myormioformis (0.04%). Black containers harboured the highest number of larvae (32.12%) followed by yellow (24.01%), green (23.39%), red (15.40%) and white (5.00%) containers. Bamboo stumps bred the highest number of larvae (60.66%) followed by calabash gourd (26.04%) and plastic (13.27%).