Browsing by Author "Ajayi, O."

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The August 2011 flood in Ibadan, Nigeria: anthropogenic causes and consequences
(Springer, 2012) Agbola, B. S.; Ajayi, O.; Taiwo, O. J.; Wahab, B. W.
Determining when and where flood strikes can be a daunting task. Apart from heavy and prolonged rainfalls and river overflows, there are anthropogenic causal factors of flooding. These anthropogenic factors are significantly variable and exacerbate floods, but may be difficult to measure. This study aims to unravel some of the anthropogenic factors, particularly with respect to their contributions to the flood in Ibadan City on 26 August 2011. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The August 2011 Ibadan flood was perhaps the worst in the history of this ancient city. Twelve anthropogenic factors are broadly identified as having contributed to the flood and the flood had five major consequences. Some policy implications that can help prevent future flood occurrence are outlined.
The August 2011 flood in Ibadan, Nigeria: anthropogenic causes and consequences
(International journal of disaster risk science, 2012) Agbola, B.S.; Ajayi, O.; Taiwo, O.J.; Wahab, B.W.
Determining when and where flood strikes can be a daunting task. Apart from heavy and prolonged rainfalls and river overflows, there are anthropogenic causal factors of flooding. These anthropogenic factors are significantly variable and exacerbate floods, but may be difficult to measure. This study aims to unravel some of the anthropogenic factors, particularly with respect to their contributions to the flood in Ibadan City on 26 August 2011. Data were collected through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. The August 2011 Ibadan flood was perhaps the worst in the history of this ancient city. Twelve anthropogenic factors are broadly identified as having contributed to the flood and the flood had five major consequences. Some policy implications that can help prevent future flood occurrence are outlined.
Process evaluation of an intervention to improve access to injectable contraceptive services through patent medicine vendors in Nigeria: a mixed methods study
(Springer Nature, 2021) Oluwasanu M. M.; Adebayo, A. M.; Okunade, F. T.; Ajayi, O.; Akindele, A. O.; Stanback, J.; Ajuwon, A. J.
Background: The low utilisation of modern contraceptives in many low- and middle-income countries remains a challenge. Patent medicine vendors (PMVs) that operate in the informal health sector, have the potential to address this challenge. Between 2015 and 2018, the Population Council, in collaboration with the Federal and State Ministries of Health and the Pharmacy Council of Nigeria, trained PMVs in six states to deliver injectable contraceptive services. Outcome evaluation demonstrated increased client uptake of injectable contraceptive services; however, there is limited information on how and why the intervention influenced outcomes. This study was conducted to elucidate the processes and mechanism through which the previous intervention influenced women’s utilisation of injectable contraceptive services. Methods: The study utilised a mixed methods, convergent parallel design guided by the UK Medical Research Council framework. Quantitative data were obtained from 140 trained PMVs and 145 of their clients in three states and 27 in-depth interviews were conducted among relevant stakeholders. The quantitative data were analysed descriptively, while the qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results: The results revealed that even after the completion of the PMV study which had a time-bound government waiver for injectable contraceptive service provision by PMVs, they continued to stock and provide injectables in response to the needs of their clients contrary to the current legislation which prohibits this. The causal mechanism that influenced women’s utilisation of injectable contraceptives were the initial training that the PMV received; the favourable regulatory environment as demonstrated in the approval provided by government for PMVs to provide injectable contraceptives for the duration of the study; and the satisfaction and the confidence the female clients had developed in the ability of the PMVs to serve them. However, there were gaps with regards to the consistent supply of quality injectable contraceptive commodities and in PMVs use of job aids. Referral and linkages to government or private-owned facilities were also sub-optimal. Conclusion: PMVs continue to play important roles in family planning service provision; this underscores the need to formalize and scale-up this intervention to aid their integral roles coupled with multi-faceted initiatives to enhance the quality of their services.
Serum polychlorinated biphenyls and bisphenol-A levels in Nigerian women with breast cancer
(2014-06) Ajayi, O.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Anetor, J. I.; Ademola, A. F.
Endocrine disruptors (EDs)-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and bisphenol-A (BPA) have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer (B.Ca). In Nigeria, there is increase in breast cancer incidence. This has been attributed to increased use and exposure to EDs. Although, several studies have been done on breast cancer, there is paucity of information on the serum levels of these EDs in Nigerian women. This study therefore aims at determining the serum levels of PCBs and BPA in breast cancer patients.Eighty women aged 18-70 years were recruited with informed consent after institutional ethical approval. They were 40 participants with breast cancer pre-treatment (cases) matched with 40 apparently healthy women (controls). They were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Demographic indices: age, age at menarche (AM), age at menopause (AMP) and anthropometric indices: height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHT) were obtained from the pre-test questionnaire administered and standard methods respectively.10 ml of venous blood was collected from each participant and sera obtained were analyzed for PCB and BPA. These were determined by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were analyzed using Student t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient, p was significant at <0.05.Results showed increases in the height, weight, WC, HC, WHR, WHT, PCB and BPA serum levels in cases compared with controls. Positive correlations were observed among WC and WHR, WHT, HC; HC and WHT; WHR and WHT in both cases and controls. However, positive correlations among height, weight, WC and WHR; BMI and weight were observed in cases only. Weight correlated negatively with age at menarche (AM) only in controls. The differences and correlations were statistically significant (p<0.05).Mechanisms involving PCB, BPA and adiposity may be involved in breast cancer aetiology. Reduction of environmental pollution and dietary modulation may be helpful.