Browsing by Author "Ajayi, O. O."

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12

Assesing the knowledge, perception, and attitude of wildlife management students toward biodiversity conservation in Nigeria
(John Wiley & Sons, 2023) Ajayi, O. O.; Coker, O. M.; Agbon, Z.
Despite intensified media campaigns and heightened emphasis on classroom instruction, recent international research has reported that young people are still failing to acknowledge biodiversity conservation as an issue of high priority. This study assessed students' knowledge, perception, and attitude toward biodiversity conservation in three Federal Universities offering Wildlife Management course in Southwestern Nigeria. A total of 159 respondents (15% sampling intensity) were surveyed using a structured questionnaire between July and December 2021. The findings revealed that most students had low knowledge of biodiversity conservation. This result is quite shocking given that they were enrolled in wildlife management courses. On the other hand, they had favorable attitudes and perceptions. The result further revealed that students in University of Ibadan had better attitude and perception. We concluded that there is a need to develop and teach programs and curricula that encourage and sustain the interests of wildlife students in biodiversity conservation.
Assessment of chemical and organoleptic properties of fortified indigenous maize-based snack
(2019) Apata, O. C.; Oyebade, O. J.; Ajayi, O. O.; Ajayi, O. O.; Adebayo, I. N.; Meludu, N. T.; Ayodele, I. A.
Backgronnd: Aadun is an indigenous maize-bascd snack high in energy, phosphorus and magnesium but low in protein. it is often sold with minimal packaging under conditions which may lead to its rapid deterioration. Protein fortification and improved packaging could enhance its balance of nutrients and increase acceptability. Objective: The study evaluated the chemical composition and organoleptic qualities of fortified, aadun. Methodology: Four different samples of aadun were prepared. T0 served as the control (unfortified aadun) while the three others (T i, T2 and T3 were fortified with groundnut, cray fish and soybeans, respectively. The four samples were subjected to proximate and mineral analysis. Different packaging materials such as foil paper, polyethylene and plastic plate covered with kiln film were used to present the samples to 50 panellists for organoleptic assessment. Results were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOV A using SPSS version 20 Results- fortified samples were found to be significantly different in their chemical composition and sensory attributes from the control sample. The fortified aadun samples had higher protein, crude fibre, ether extract, iron magnesium, iodine, sodium, potassium and phosphorus due the control. The T0, was rated highest for the colour and the T1 for taste, texture, aroma and overall acceptability. The most preferred packaging material for the samples was plastic plate covered with kiln film while polyethylene was least preffered. Conclusion: Fortifying aadun with different ingredients especially groundnut and improving the materials used in packaging will improve its consumer acceptability.
Contextual factors influencing the roles of patent medicine vendors in the provision of injectable contraception services in Nigeria
(Springer Nature, 2023) Adebayo, A. M.; Oluwasanu, M. M.; Okunade, F. T.; Ajayi, O. O.; Akindele, A. O.; Ajuwon, A. J.
Background Patent medicine vendors (PMVs) play vital roles in the delivery of family planning services in Nigeria and other developing countries. There is a growing recognition of the need to integrate them into the formal health care system as a strategy to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate and achieve universal health coverage.Though promising, the success of this proposition is largely dependent on a critical analysis of the factors which influence their operations. This study was designed to identify the contextual factors influencing the provision of injectable contraceptive services by PMVs and the broader effects of their activities on the health system to inform similar interventions in Nigeria. Methods This was a qualitative study guided by the UK Medical Research Council’s Framework for Complex Interventions. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted among officials of the association of PMVs, health workers, government regulatory officers and programme implementers who participated in a phased 3-year (2015–2018) intervention designed to enhance the capacity of PMVs to deliver injectable contraceptive services. The data were transcribed and analyzed thematically using NVIVO software. Results The contextual factors which had implications on the roles of PMVs were socio-cultural and religious, the failing Nigerian health system coupled with government regulatory policies. Other factors were interprofessional tensions and rivalry between the PMVs and some categories of health care workers and increasing donors’ interest in exploring the potentials of PMVs for expanded healthcare service provision. According to the respondents, the PMVs bridged the Nigerian health system service delivery gaps serving as the first point of contact for injectable contraceptive services and this increased contraceptive uptake in the study sites. A negative effect of their operation is the tendency to exceed their service provision limits, which has spurred a planned tiered PMV accreditation system. Conclusions This study has highlighted the contextual factors which define the roles and scope of practice of PMVs involved in injectable contraceptive service provision. Strategies and interventions aimed at expanding the healthcare delivery roles of PMVs must be encompassing to address the broader contextual factors which underpin their capacities and functions.
Endocrine disruptors-arsenic, cadmium and lead in pre and postmenopausal black women with breast cancer
(University College Hospital, Ibadan, 2017) Ajayi, O. O.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Anetor, J. I.; Ademola, A. F.
Background: The involvement of toxic metals in adiposity has been suggested to be contributory to the high incidence of breast cancer, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This study is aimed at evaluating serum arsenic, cadmium and lead in relation to adiposity and blood pressure in Nigerian women with breast cancer. Methodology: The study comprised 85 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer pre-therapy (cases) matched with 84 apparently healthy women without breast cancer (controls) according to age and menstrual phase. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Blood pressure and anthropometry were determined by standard methods. Data analysed by Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Results: Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher in cases, compared with controls (p<0.05). Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), weight, height, waist hip ratio (WHR), waist height ratio (WHtR) were significantly higher in cases compared with controls (p<0.05). Cadmium positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure while FT4 inversely correlated with arsenic in the cases (p<0.05). Conclusion: Observations in this study suggest the involvement of these toxic metals in adiposity which could be involved in breast carcinogenesis.
Enterprise characteristics of selected hotels for indigenous snacks acceptability in South-West, Nigeria
(Home Economics Research Association of Nigeria, 2018-12) Apata, O. C.; Abimbola, A. F.; Ajayi, O. O.; Meludu, N. T.; Ayodele, I. A.
The study assessed the enterprise characteristics of various tourists' centers across the selected states in Southwest Nigeria. It was conducted in selected hotels and tourists centers in southwest Nigeria. Twenty caterers were 1 randomly selected in each hotel and tourist centers. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The findings of the study show that indigenous snacks were offered in lower proportion to continental snacks in hotels across the states in south-west Nigeria, these snacks are prepared and packaged hygienically and also theses hotels have adequate recreational facilities. The study recommended that workshops and seminars should be organized on promotion of indigenous snacks into hotels and tourists centers.
Knowledge and Perception of Nigerian University Undergraduates about the Risks Associated with using Commercial Motorcycle for Transportation
(Zambia Medical Association, 2017) Ajayi, O. O.; Fatudimu, M. B.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background and Purpose of Study: Commercial motorcycle is a popular mode of mass transportation in Nigeria, which despite its acknowledged benefits has been associated with health and social problems. It is embraced largely by young Nigerians, including university undergraduates who have not been well studied with respect to this mode of transportation. We determined the proportion of undergraduates of a Nigerian university regularly using commercial motorcycle. Level of knowledge and perception of risks associated with usage and some factors that may influence choice of commercial motorcycle were also investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among Nigeria premier University of Ibadan undergraduates, recruited from their halls of residence using consecutive sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was hand distributed to obtain information on the respondents' socio-demographic variables, knowledge and perception of risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transportation. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Chi- square test was used as inferential statistics at á = 0.05. Results: Among the 1000 respondents, 75% regularly used commercial motorcycle for transportation. A statistically significant association was found between gender and the knowledge of risks (p? 0.001) and also between age and the perception of risks associated with using this mode of transportation. However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge (p=0.03 and perception of risks (p=0.97) associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport between users and non- users. Conclusions: Respondents had limited knowledge and low perception of the risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport. Strategies should be put in place to educate these youths on the risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport.
Knowledge and perception of the Nigeria wildlife conservation laws among hunters in Lagelu and Egbeda local government areas, Oyo state, Nigeria
(Forestry, Wildlife and Range Management Programme, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, 2021) Coker, O. M.; Ajayi, O. O.; Adebayo, A. P.
This study assessed the knowledge and perception of wildlife conservation laws among hunters in Egbeda and Lagelu Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. The result shows that all the hunters (100%) were male, with a mean age of 50.1±13.8 years. The art of hunting was learnt by majority (84.5%) of the hunters as a form of apprenticeship from an experienced hunter or from the hunter’s father. Hunting was done on a daily basis primarily for household consumption of bushmeat, and secondarily for income generating purpose. While, majority (58.5%) claimed to have heard of wildlife conservation laws, they do not understand the meaning and significance of the laws. None of the hunters could state the number of wildlife laws that exist in Nigeria but noted that the laws hold in protected areas. On the other hand, most of the respondents (66.3%) noted that there are traditional laws (taboos) that enable wildlife conservation, especially as regards pregnant, nursing and young animals. Conclusively, hunters in the study area, despite having heard of wildlife conservation laws had a low understanding of the significance and scope of the laws. There is, therefore, a need for vigorous awareness campaign among the hunters for effective wildlife conservation.
Knowledge of Nigeria Wildlife Conservation Laws among Officials of Okomu and Old Oyo National Parks, Nigeria
(Wildlife Society of Nigeria, 2020) Coker, O. M.; Ajayi, O. O.; Dada, O. M.
One of the key resources in effective management of National Parks is the knowledge base of the park managers. There is however little or no documented information about park official’s knowledge of the laws they uphold in Nigeria. This study assessed the knowledge base of Nigeria wildlife laws among park officials in Okomu National Park (ONP) and Old Oyo National Park (OONP), Nigeria. Simple random sampling was used to administer structured questionnaire to 50 ONP and 130 OONP staff. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Majority (95.6%) had heard about wildlife laws and 68.9% understood the contents of the law. Majority (72.2%) knew the decree responsible for the establishment of national parks but could not distinctively identify the activities that constitute offences under this law. For effective park management, proper orientation, education, training and re-training on the wildlife laws should be organized for the park officials at regular intervals.
Perception of Nigeria wildlife conservation laws among officials of Okomu and Old Oyo National Parks, Nigeria
(Wildlife Society of Nigeria, 2019) Coker, O. M.; Ajayi, O. O.; Dada, O. M.
This study assessed the perception of Nigeria wildlife conservation laws by officials of Okomu and Old Oyo National Parks. Data was collected from 180 respondents using semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that the officials perceive that Nigeria wildlife laws are essential for conservation of wildlife and that the laws can stop wildlife exploitation. They however perceived that the fines, penalties and punishment as stated in the law are inadequate to stop illegal hunting with indications that the amount charged for killing wild animals is not commensurate to the offence. Furthermore, the park officials indicated that Nigeria wildlife laws are obsolete and in need of a review. No significant difference exists in the perception of the laws among the parks. It is therefore recommended that; the Nigerian wildlife laws having been considered obsolete by the custodians of the national parks should be urgently reviewed for effective management of wildlife in Nigeria.
Progesterone, selected heavy metals and micronutrients in pregnant Nigerian women with a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion
(Makerere University, Medical School, 2012-06) Ajayi, O. O.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Arinola, O. G.
Background: Environmental and endocrine factors have been implicated in the aetiology of recurrent abortion, with poorly understood roles. Luteal phase insufficiency marked with insufficient progesterone secretion has been reported. Objective: To define the involvement of progesterone, trace metals, and Vitamin E in pregnant women with history of recurrent spontaneous abortion. Methods: Convenience sampling method was used to recruit 69 pregnant women aged 21-41 years with gestational age of 0-20 weeks in this case-control study. Thirty five (cases) and thirty four (controls) had previous and no history of recurrent spontaneous abortion respectively. Demographic characteristics and 10mls of blood samples were obtained from each subject. Serum obtained was used for the determination of progesterone, zinc, copper, selenium, iron, magnesium, manganese, chromium, lead, cadmium, and serum vitamin E by standard methods. Results: Results showed statistically significant decreases (p<0.05) in the serum zinc, copper, and vitamin E and a significant elevation (p<0.05) in the serum selenium, lead, and cadmium in cases compared with controls. Insignificant decrease (p=0.07) was observed in the serum progesterone when cases were compared with controls. Conclusion: Results suggest that elevated serum heavy metals (cadmium and lead) and reduction of essential micronutrients (zinc, copper and vitamin E) may contribute to recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Proximate composition and microbial characteristics of processed tiger nut milk (cyperus esculentus)
(Home Economics Professional Association of Nigeria (HEPAN), 2020-03) Apata, O. C.; Ajayi, O. O.; Adebayo, I. N.
This study investigated the proximate and microbial characteristics of processed tiger nut milk. Tiger nut was purchased, processed under standard conditions and subjected to laboratory analysis in triplicates. The result showed that the sample contain 90.7% moisture content. 0.6% crude protein. 2.7% crude fat. 0.1% crude fibre. 0.2% ash and 5.7%> carbohydrate. The microbial toad was found to the higher than the FAO/WHO standard. The pH was found to decrease from 5.5 at preparation to 3.2 after 18 hours. It was concluded that tiger nut milk is a nutritious beverage with high moisture content hut low crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat and ash content. The milk decrease in pH suggested increase in acidity which aids spoilage.
Service quality and customer loyalty in hotels within Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State
(2019) Apata, O. C.; Afolabi, T. D.; Ajayi, O. O.; Abimbola, A. F.; Adebayo, I. N.; Okhiria, A. O.
The study assessed the effect of service quality on customers’ loyalty in hotels within Ibadan metropolis. Random and convenience sampling was used to sample 192 respondents from thirteen hotels in four local government areas within Ibadan metropolis. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that there was an overall statistically significant correlation between service quality and overall loyalty (r = 0.439, p<0.01), word of mouth (r = 0.427, p< 0.01) and repeat patronage (r= 0.443, p< 0.01), there was no significant relationship between service quality and price insensitivity (r = 0.439, p>0.01). Overall expectation towards tangibility was at the agree level (4.18) while perception was ranked at the strongly agree level (4.24 )and (4.22), overall expectation towards reliability is at the agree level (4.06) and responsiveness was at the agree level (4.17), perception of responsiveness dimension was at the strongly agree level (4.26), overall expectation towards assurance was at the agree level (4.12), perception of assurance dimension was ranked at the agree level (4.19) and empathy dimension was ranked at the strongly agree level (4.29), while overall expectation towards empathy was at the agree level (4.27). There was significant relationship between service quality and customer loyalty.