Browsing by Author "Akande, K. O."

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A 4-Year cross-sectional study of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women: need for policy decision
(Ecronicon, 2022-03) Fowotade, A.; Omoruyi, E. C.; Adesina, O.; Adekanmbi, O.; Adetunji, S.; Akande, K. O.; Adepoju, A.
Background: The elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Nigeria, especially among pregnant women requires commitment from the government and health policy makers. This is predicated on comprehensive surveillance and epidemiological data. The objective of the current study is to provide the epidemiological data and unique perspectives that will inform accurate advocacy and influence policy decisions. Materials and Methods: A 4-year cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,428 consecutively recruited consenting pregnant women attending antenatal care at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Venous blood was screened for HBsAg using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). HBsAg sero-negative samples were further tested for other HBV serological markers (anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe by ELISA. Socio-demographic and clinical details were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Overall HBsAg prevalence was 5.1% (2,305/2,482). Twenty three (1%) of the HBsAg sero-negative women tested positive to both anti-HBc and anti-HBe while 5.3% and 0.8% tested positive to only anti-HBc and anti-HBe, respectively. Additionally, 6.4% (38/594) of the HBV fully vaccinated pregnant women tested positive to HBsAg. Conclusion: Hepatitis B is endemic among Nigerian pregnant women. Serological patterns indicated possible occult hepatitis B infection. More political commitment from government and policy makers is urgently required.
Premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus: a single institutional experience
(Medical and Dental Consultants Association of Nigeria, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Adegoke, O. O.; Nwanji, I. D.; Omenai, S. A.; Akande, K. O.
Background: Esophageal malignancy is a highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. A number of lesions occurring in the esophagus are associated with a high risk of malignant transformation. While the patterns of esophageal cancers have been documented in a number of African countries, there is a limited data on the Nigerian situation. This study was aimed at reviewing the histological patterns of premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus. Methods: This was a 10 year retrospective study of histologically confirmed premalignant and malignant lesions of the esophagus seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 2009 and December 2018. Data retrieved from the departmental records were analyzed using the SPSS computer software version 20.0. Results: There were 45 cases diagnosed with premalignant lesions and 32 cases diagnosed with malignant lesions out of the 363 biopsies during the study period. The most common premalignant lesion was Barret’s esophagus (68.9%). Premalignant lesions were more common in males (64.4%). The mean age for patients with a diagnosis of premalignant lesions was 55 years. The mean age at the diagnosis for esophageal cancer was 61.5 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histological subtype seen (65.6%) with adenocarcinomas accounting for the remainder of cases (35.4%). Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the esophagus in our study. Adenocarcinomas of the esophagus were not as rare as documented in previous African studies. This finding may imply a changing pattern in esophageal malignancies in tandem with the pattern in Western countries.
The effect of Hepatitis D co-infection on the immunologic and molecular profile of Hepatitis B in asymptomatic Chronic Hepatitis B patients in southwest Nigeria
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Akande, K. O.; Fowotade, A.; Adekanmbi, O.
Introduction: Hepatitis D infection causes severe form of viral hepatitis in humans and only affects those with hepatitis B either as a co-infection or superinfection. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis D and its effect on the immunologic and molecular profile of Hepatitis B among asymptomatic Chronic Hepatitis B patients in Abeokuta. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 99 chronic HBV patient who met the inclusion criteria. All the patients were tested for HBsAg, anti HCV, HDV antigen, anti HDV, HBsAg quantification, and HBV DNA quantification. Associations were tested for and P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The participants included 53 (58%) male and 38 (42%) females with ages ranging from 18 to 69 (means 39 ± 11) years. Ten (11%) participants were positive for HDV-Ag while 1 (1.1%) was positive for anti-HDV. Five (5.5%) were positive for HIV 1 &2 while 1 (1.1%) was positive for anti HCV. HBV DNA quantification ranged from 15 to 17,000,000 IU/ml while HBsAg quantification ranged from 0.25 to45,520 IU/ml. There was no statistically significant relationship between HDV-Ag and age (p = .51), sex (p = .73), HBV DNA (p = .8) and HBsAg quantification (p = 1). Conclusion: The prevalence of HDV-Ag among asymptomatic treatment naïve chronic hepatitis B patients in Abeokuta was 11% and there was no significant difference in the levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg among those with or without hepatitis D.