Browsing by Author "Esan, A."

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Body mass index (BMI) and obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Esan, O. B.; Esan, A.
Background: Few Nigerian studies have examined BMI in people with schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence and distribution of obesity in Nigerians with schizophrenia and to examine the clinical correlates of BMI and obesity. Methods: A total of 207 people with schizophrenia met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for BMI. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) were rated for all participants. Anthropometric measures such as weight and height were taken using a standard protocol. Results: The prevalence of obesity was 12.6%. The non-obese participants were made up of underweight 24 (11.7%), normal weight 118 (57%) and overweight 38 (18.4%). Compared to non-obese participants, obese participants were older, more educated, more likely to be employed, had higher incomes, lower PANSS score (negative subscale), had fewer female participants, and better social and occupational functioning (p<0.05) BMI was positively correlated with age and monthly income. In the adjusted model, age, gender and education were independently associated with obesity while only age was associated with BMI. Conclusion: The present study suggests that unlike in high-income countries, obese patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria have better social and psychological functioning than non-obese patients.
Epidemiology and burden of bipolar disorder in Africa: a systematic review of data from Africa
(Springer Science + Business Media, 2016) Esan, O.B.; Esan, A.
Background Bipolar disorder impacts negatively on the patient, the family, as well as the society. It taxes the health care services due to a combination of the illness with associated medical and psychiatric comorbidities. In Africa, unfortunately, knowledge of the epidemiology and burden of bipolar disorder is based mainly on studies from the USA and Europe. In this systematic review of literature from Africa, we highlight the epidemiology and burden of bipolar disorder. Methods A systematic review of publications from Africa relating to the epidemiology and burden of bipolar disorder was conducted. Result Data from community surveys conducted in Nigeria and Ethiopia indicated a lifetime prevalence estimate of 0.1 % to 1.83 for bipolar disorder. Missed diagnosis rate of bipolar disorder was up to 36.2 %. In one study, 8.1 % of the males and 5.4 % of the females reported a previous suicide attempt. A study showed that up to 60 % of patients with bipolar disorder had at least one comorbidity. There were no reports on all-cause mortality and cost of illness. Conclusion Bipolar disorder is a major mental health problem in Africa. Scientific findings on bipolar disorder from Africa are consistent with the existing literature from other parts of the world. There still exists a dearth of high-quality studies addressing the epidemiological, clinical, social, and economic burden of the disorder.
Mental health and wellbeing of medical students in Nigeria. A systematic review
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Esan, O. B.; Esan, A.; Folasire, A.; Oluwajulugbe, P.
In additional peculiar contemporary social problems due to income inequality, poverty, insecurity and political instability. These have a direct impact on their mental health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to systematically review articles reporting on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders among medical students in Nigeria. Studies were identified using MEDLINE, HINARI, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar databases using search terms encompassing psychiatric morbidity amongst medical students. No date restrictions were applied to the search. The pooled prevalence estimate was calculated for each disorder. Psychological dis tress was present in 25.2% of the students, perceived stress in 60.5%, depression in 33.5% and anxiety in 28.8%. The current use of at least one psychoactive substance was present in up to 44.2%, while 35.5% of all the respondents had experienced one or more forms of abuse during their training as medical students. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among medical stu dents in Nigeria is high. Positive coping mechanisms such as religiosity, positive reframing and resilience which were identified in this review should be optimized to reduce the burden.
Pattern of ocular disorders in patients with Diabetes Mellitus at an endocrinology clinic of a tertiary centre in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa
(The Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State Branch, 2025) Babalola, Y. O.; Adebusoye, S. A.; Esan, A.; Akande, T. O.; Adeleye, J. O.; Olusanya, B. A.
Background: Diabetes mellitus causes various systemic complications including ocular disorders. Diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macula oedema and ocular conditions such as cataract and primary open angle glaucoma may lead to blindness. This study determined the spectrum of ocular disorders associated with diabetes mellitus in patients attending a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 270 consecutive diabetic patients attending the Endocrinology clinic at the the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data analysis was by SPSS version 22. Result: Two hundred and seventy patients were recruited between January 2018 and December 2022. There were 77 (22.85%) males and 192 (71.7%) females. The age range was 18 to 85 years and mean of 59.5+_ 11.8 years. One hundred and nine (40.4%) had tertiary level education. Two hundred and twenty (81.5%) never had an eye examination; 41 (17.4%) had diabetic retinopathy and 25 (9.3%) had diabetic macula oedema. Uncorrected refractive error was the commonest ocular diagnosis in 79(14.6%) closely followed by visually significant cataract in 75 (13.9%). One hundred and sixty-six (61.5%) patients were unaware of the visually debilitating effect of DM while 50 (18.5%) had undergone ocular screening. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy, refractive errors and diabetic macula oedema are the ocular abnormalities with the highest frequency in our clinic population. There is paucity of awareness of ocular complications of diabetes mellitus in our populace and the vast majority had never had ocular screening. Creating awareness and screening for ocular disorders is key in preventing visual impairment.