Browsing by Author "Mafiana, C.F."

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Rat model of food-induced non-obese-type 2 diabetes mellitus: comparative pathophysiology and histopathology
(e-Century Publishing Corporation, 2012) Adeyi, A.O.; Idowu, B. A.; Mafiana, C.F.; Oluwalana, S.A.; Ajayi, O.L.; Akinloye, O.A.
Based on the hypothesis that consistent hyperglycemia can result in insulin resistance, we explored the induction of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) using diet of high glycemic/low fat index and compared the effects on the physiology and histology of the rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups. DM was induced in the first group by single intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg alloxan monohydrate and in the second group by feeding the rats with diet of high glycemic index/low fat for 8 weeks. The pathophysiology and histopathology of DM were studied. Hyperglycemia was recorded in the alloxan and food-induced groups respectively. Both groups were also positive for glycosuria, which confirmed the induction of DM. Concentrations of plasma potassium, calcium, protein and urea were higher (p<0.05) in the alloxan-induced than the food-induced diabetic rats, whereas food-induced rats recorded higher hematological indices than the alloxan-induced group. Coronary risk indices were higher in foodinduced diabetic rats than the alloxan-induced, while activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly higher (p<0.05) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats than the food-induced rats. Marked degenerations of the Islets of Langerhans was observed in pancreas of alloxan-induced diabetic rats, whereas, histological examination of the pancreas of food-induced and control rats revealed no visible lesion. Liver and kidney of all food and alloxan-induced diabetic ratsshowed marked degeneration of the hepatocytes and the glomeruli respectively. This study presents a rat model of type II diabetes mellitus using food of high glycemic/low fat index with its consequent ionoregulatory disruptions, acute anemia, hyperlipidemia, nephropathy and hepatopathy.
Seasonal fluctuations of Simulium damnosum complex and Onchocerca microfilarial evaluation in river systems, South-west Nigeria
(Springer Nature, 2013) Sam-Wobo, S.O.; Adeleke, M.A.; Jayeola, O.A.; Adeyi, A.O.; Oluwole, A.S.; Adewale, B.; Mafiana, C.F.; Bissan, Y.; Toe, L.; Yameogo, L.; Mutabaruka, E.; Amazigo, U.V.
Seasonal fluctuations of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex and the prevalence of Onchocerca volvulus Bickel in blackflies caught in river systems bordering the Nigeria–Benin border were assessed for their direct impact on the epidemiology of onchocerciasis in South-western Nigeria. Entomological evaluation and heteroduplex assay (HDA) techniques were performed on flies caught in the eight capture points in the Ogun and Yewa river systems between October and December 2007, July and December 2008 and May and December 2009. A total of 5789 blackflies were caught on human bait, of which 727 (12.6%) flies were captured in 2007, 1723 (29.8%) in 2008 and 3339 (57.6%) in 2009. The majority of flies caught during the study were forest flies representing 90.3% of the total catch while savanna flies constituted 9.7%. Proportions of parous to nulliparous flies were low in all the catching points (31.1 and 68.9%, respectively). Of the 5789 flies dissected, 11 (0.2%) flies were infected with Onchocerca parasites with nine of the infected flies having L3 head parasites. The HDA results revealed that the Beffa form of S. soubrense was the dominant cytospecies present (87.1%) in all the capture sites when compared with 12.9% of S. damnosum s.s. The low level of infectivity of flies may therefore indicate a low transmission level of onchocerciasis in the communities along the Ogun and Yewa river systems. However, there is a need for constant surveillance on species composition and fly infectivity in the river systems along the borders of Nigeria–Benin Republic.