Browsing by Author "Ogunbadewa, A. J."

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Antibiotic profiling of bacterial isolates obtained from turkey and chicken in selected farms in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Amosun, E. A.; Adepoju, B. C.; Ogunbadewa, A. J.; Abatan, M. O.
In recent times, the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance has increased tremendously due to a number of factors including use of human drugs for the treatment of animal diseases, leading to the transfer of antibiotic resistance in terms of antibiotic residues in poultry meat to pathogenic bacteria. This study determined the antibiotic profiles of bacterial isolates in poultry cloacal swabs from selected farms in Ibadan. Fifty and twenty cloacal swabs were collected aseptically from turkey and chicken at Apete and University of Ibadan research farm respectively. The samples were immediately transported to the laboratory for microbiological analysis. Thus, the cloacal swabs were screened using MacConkey agar, blood agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. Isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques and tested to ten different antibiotic discs according to Kirby-Bauer procedure. Sixty-one and thirteen different isolates were detected from turkey and chicken cloacal swabs respectively. Of the turkey isolates, Pseudomonas had the highest occurrence of 25% while Escherichia coli (46%) had the highest occurrence of the chicken isolates. The Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to augmentin (69%), streptomycin (69%), sulphamethoxazole (78%) and chloramphenicol (82%). Staphylococcus species which was the only Grampositive isolate in this study was greatly resistant to gentamicin (83%). Both the turkey and chicken isolates had different antibiotic resistance rates and patterns with a huge percentage (86%) of them being multi-drug resistant. This work observed a higher resistance to many of the commonly used antibiotics in the poultry industry thereby, posing a public health risk since most of these drugs are used for treatment of human infections
Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Bacteria Isolated from Four selected Rivers and Six Tributaries in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo-State, Nigeria
(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Amosun, E. A.; Ogunbadewa, A. J.; Otukoya, B. O.
Water is one of thè major resources necessary for thè maintenance of life on earth. Among thè pathogens disseminateci in water sources are enteric pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., and thè presence of these organisms are responsible for a variety of diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, and enteric fever. This study was aimed to identify and determine antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from selected rivers in Ibadan metropolis. Thirty water samples were collected from three different sites (upstream, midstream and downstream) of four selected main rivers and six tributaries, thè main rivers are: Onibu-ore river, Kudeti river, Ogunpa river and Ona river, while thè tributaries are: Gege river, Awolowo river, Orogun river, Orni river, Tabieleshin river and Eleyele river. The samples were routinely screened for bacteria using MacConkey and blood agar plates. These bacterial isolates were identified biochemically and were further subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. All thè tests performed in this study were analyzed using tables. From thè thirty water samples of thè ten selected rivers screened in duplicates in this study, forty-two isolates belonging to eleven bacteria genera of different percentage distribution were identified. These isolates also showed different antibiotic resistance rates and pattems. Of all thè bacteria isolates obtained in this study, only Enterobacter species was not multi-drug resistant. This study detected thè presence of different bacteria isolates in drinking river water from ten selected rivers in Ibadan. It was able to confimi thè presence of E. coli in water and further discovered other bacteria such as Arthrobacter species in water.
Investigation of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and other Cefotaxime-Resistant Bacteria in Cow Milk in Nigeria
(Israel Veterinary Medical Association (IVMA), Raanana, Israel, 2021) Amosun, E. A.; Ogunbadewa, A. J.; Ojo, O. E.; Akinade, S. A.
"Production of extended spectrum fl-lactamases (ESBLs) confers resistance to cefotaxime as well as many third and fourth generation cephalosporins in bacteria. ESBL-producing E. coli strains have been implicated in refractory infections in humans and dairy cows in Nigeria. The present study investigated thè presence of cefotaxime-resistant bacteria including ESBL-producing E. coli in thè milk of apparendy healthy cows from smallholder dairy herds. A total of 168 non-duplicate milk samples were collected from 34 catde herds in three locai government areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. Cefotaxime-resistant bacteria were isolated from milk samples by selective culture on MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime (lmg/L). Isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Phenotypic ESBL production was determined using cefpodoxime/ cefpodoxime-clavulanic acid combinatìon discs. Presence of ESBL genes (Mttem, blasm and blacvx} and phylogenetic groups (A, Bl, B2, C, D, E, and F) of E. coli were determined by polymerase chain reaction assay. Susceptibility to other antimicrobials was carried out using thè Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Cefotaxime-resistant bacteria were detected in milk samples of in 40 (23.8%) out of 168 individuai cows. At least one sample from 19 (55.9%) out of 34 herds yielded a cefotaxime-resistant isolate. The isolates were identified as Escherichia coli (9/168; 5.4%), Enterohacter amnigenus (8/168; 4.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23/168; 13.7%). Five (3.0%) of all 168 samples were positive for phenotypic ESBL-producing bacteria. All thè ESBL-producing bacteria were E. coli and possessed blacrx-u which is of thè èlacvx-M-is gene variant. Two isolates also possessed thè blcrcem gene. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates belonged to phylogenetic groups A (n=3) and Bl (n=2). Overall, thè cefotaxime-resistant bacteria showed 100.0% resistance to ampicillin and cefotaxime, 90.0% to tetracycline, 72.2% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 47.5% to streptomycin, 40.0% to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 37.5% to chloramphenicol, 32.5% to ceftazidime and 10.0% to each of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Keywords: ESBL Resistance Genes; Cow Milk; Cefotaxime-Resistance; Escherichia coli.