Browsing by Author "Ojo, O. A."

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Ameliorative Effect of Javiscum® and Ficus Exasperata on Nw – Nitro- L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-Name)-Induced Dyslipidemia in Wistar Rats
(Society for Experimental Biology of Nigeria, 2022) Ajayi, T. O.; Alaka, H. O.; Akintayo, C. O.; Kayode, A. B.; Ojo, O. A.
The term "cardiovascular diseases" (CVDs) refers to a variety of heart and blood vessel conditions. It is the main factor in close to 30% of all fatalities worldwide and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. CVDs have emerged as an important health problem all over the world but the dependence on conventional drugs for management has been plagued with toxicity and inconsistency as side effects while alternative intervention is gradually gaining acceptance. Hence the present work sought to compare and evaluate the effects of methanol extract of Javiscum®(JV), a polyherbal formulation and a single herbal formulation Ficus exasperata (FE) on serum lipids, and liver enzymes of Nw –nitro- L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats. Adult male Wistar rats were grouped into 9 (n=6). Control group I was administered distilled water. Group II, with L-NAME (40 mg/kg body weight), group III, L-NAME and amlodipine 5 mg/kg per body weight while groups IV, V, VI were administered L-NAME (40 mg/kg) and treated with 400, 200, 100 mg/kg of JV. Groups VII, VIII and IX were administered L-NAME (40 mg/kg) and treated with 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg of FE extract respectively. Animals were weighed, and blood samples, collected after 28 days after models from previous researchers. The lipid profile, serum nitric oxide and liver enzyme levels, were evaluated by standard methods. L-NAME was observed to reduce body weights, nitric oxide concentration and High-density lipoprotein (HDLc), but increased liver enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol and triglycerides. JV at 400 mg/kg elicited the highest reversal of L-NAME effects on nitric oxide level. JV and FE at 200 mg/kg were able to significantly (p˂ 0.05) reduce the concentration of AST when compared to L-NAME treated group. 2 F. exasperata and Javiscum®, reversed the negative effects of L-NAME, thereby validating the use of these herbals in CVD management. The activities of JV and FE revealed that a polyherbal formulation may not necessarily confer a more significant activity as generally believed. Isolation and characterisation of the constituents responsible for activities may be templates for newer CVD drug discovery.
Assessment of the antisickling activities of extracts and isolated compounds from dried leaves of rhaphiostylis beninensis [planch. Ex benth]
(Juniper Publishers, 2021) Ajayi, T. O.; Akintayo, C. O.; Olaniran, D. M.; Iyobhebhe, M.; Ojo, O. A.; Owolabi, O. V.
Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most severe monogenic disorders of the blood in the world, with the haemoglobin undergoing polymerization in absence of oxygen, resulting in erythrocyte rigidity and vaso-occlusion, which is central to the pathophysiology of this disease. Rhaphiostylis beninensis [Planch. ex Benth] (Icacinaceae) has been known for its folkloric use as it possesses some of the imperative medicinal activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, aphrodisiac and antimicrobial activities. This assessment is aimed at determining the antisickling activity of dried leaves of Rhaphiostylis beninensis [Planch. ex Benth] (Icacinaceae) Materials and Methods: This was based on the principle of haemoglobin gelation on deprivation of oxygen with sodium metabisulphite induced sickling action resulting in haemolysate formation which is then mixed with the various concentrations of the crude extract, and isolated compounds of Rhaphiostylis beninensis [Planch. ex Benth] (Icacinaceae) and then analyzed with ultraviolet spectrophotometer to determine the change in absorbance (optical density) against time. Results and Discussion: The rate of polymerization, relative percentage polymerization and relative percentage inhibition suggests that the antisickling activity of Rhaphiostylis beninensis [Planch. ex Benth] (Icacinaceae) may be concentration-dependent and thus warrants for further and elaborate investigation to prove vividly if in-fact the crude extracts, fractions or isolated compounds from the plant possess significant antisickling property. Conclusion: Considerable level of antisickling activity is required to certify the use in the management of sickle cell disease, where positive results may lead to revolutionary development of new lead candidate for the management or treatment of sickle cell disease.
Development, Validation and Use of Students’ Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness Scale in Colleges of Education in Nigeria
(2013) Ojo, O. A.
Student‟s evaluation of lecturers‟ teaching effectiveness at the tertiary level of education in Nigeria is being advocated by educators. While universities are currently evolving the modalities of evaluating lecturers‟ teaching effectiveness by students, colleges of education recorded little or no attempt in this respect. Hence, this study developed, validated and used the Students' Evaluation of Teaching Effectiveness Scale in the College of Education (SETES-CE) to measure specific and observable classroom behaviours of lecturers. This study adopted a survey design. Purposive sampling was used to select four colleges in the south-west, Nigeria and 160 students per college selected from year 2 and 3 while stratified sampling was used to select schools and courses. A total of 640 students and 24 lecturers participated in the validation. The SETES-CE (r = 0.72) which consists of four components namely: classroom interaction (r = 0.72), evaluation (r = 0.72), personality (r = 0.72) and preparation (r = 0.72) was used by a sample of 1600 students to evaluate teaching effectiveness. Eight research questions guided the study. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and factor analysis. The Average Factor Loading (AFL), Average Communality Value (ACV) and Initial Eigen Value (IEV) of each component of SETES-CE are: classroom interaction (AFL= 0.44, ACV=0.60, IEV=3.61); evaluation (AFL= 0.46, ACV=0.60, IEV=2.64); personality (AFL= 0.45, ACV=0.60, IEV=2.34) and preparation (AFL= 0.44, ACV=0.61, IEV=2.27). Students‟ ratings for SETES-CE varies accordingly for: classroom interaction (152.60 - 156.38); evaluation (52.65 - 53.32); personality (57.04 - 57.96) and preparation (32.88 - 32.93). There was a significant difference in the male and female students‟ ratings of their lecturers‟ personality (t=2.67, df: 1583, p < .05). There exists a significant mean difference in classroom interaction (F (4, 1595) = 6. 41; p < .05) and personality (F (4, 1580) = 3.03; p < .05) of the lecturers rated. For classroom interaction, age (F(12, 1587) =2.24, p<.005), course of study (F(19, 1580) =3.54, p < .05) and year of study (t=-2.82; df: 1598, p < .05) of the students significantly influenced the rating of their lecturers, while age (F (12, 1576) =1.79, p < .05 and course of study (F(19, 1569) =2.25, p <.05) significantly influenced the ratings of their lecturers‟ evaluation, whereas students‟ year of study did not. Only course of study of the students significantly influenced the way they rated their lecturers‟ personality (F (19, 1565) =1.67, p < .05), while both age and year of study did not show significant differences in lecturers‟ personality. In terms of preparation, lecturers‟ rank (F (6, 1578) =2.87: p < .05) and years of experience (F (11, 1573) = 1.83: p < .05) significantly influenced their teaching effectiveness. Students, especially in the colleges of education can be relied upon to evaluate their lecturers‟ teaching effectiveness. Students‟ variables like course and year of study influence their pattern of ratings. The use of SETES-CE could be considered for adoption in the evaluation of teaching effectiveness of lecturers in Colleges of Education in Nigeria
Relationship between Job engagement, security, training and employees workplace behaviour in selected industries in Ogun and Lagos states, Nigeria
(2014) Ajala, E. M.; Ojo, O. A.
A motivated employee cares about his/her workplace and work to contribute towards the organizational success, longevity and profitability. There are motivational factors, intrinsic or extrinsic, which influences employees' workplace behaviour (performance and level of satisfaction). This study examined the relationship between Job Engagement, Security, Training and Employees Workplace Behaviour in Selected Industries in Ogun and Lagos states, Nigeria. The descriptive research design was used for the study. The population comprised of employees in service and manufacturing industries in Ogun and Lagos States. A questionnaire tagged "Job Engagement, Security, Training on Employees Workplace Behaviour Questionnaire" was the main instrument used for the research. From the service industries, a random sampling technique was used to select civil service, the teaching service and manufacturing firms from both states. A total of 235 respondents were used as sample for the study. A Cronbach Alpha reliability obtained for each of the sections in the questionnaire is: Engagement at work (0.74); job security (0.67); training at work (0.80) and workplace behaviour (0.87).Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Finding showed that there was significant relationship between job engagement and workplace behaviour of employees (r = .502, n= 235, P < .05), that there was significant relationship between job security and workplace behaviour of employees(r = .504, n= 235, P < .05). Furthermore, the study revealed that there was significant relationship between job training and work-place behaviour of employees (r = .648, n= 235, P < .05). The study therefore recommends that employers should assure their employees of their job security, given opportunities for job engagement. Also, employees should be trained to improve their skills and knowledge so as to make employees care about their workplace and create positive workplace behaviour.