Browsing by Author "Oladele, J.O."

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"Inhibition of Metalloproteinase from Bitis arietans Venom In Vitro by the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Moringa oleifera and Its Chemical Profile"
(Springer Nature, 2023) Ajisebiola, B.S.; Bello, F.T.; Osamudiamen, P.M.; Oladele, J.O.; Adeyi, A.O.
Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, ethyl acetate soluble fraction has been documented to contain bioactive antivenom chemicals against Bitis arietans venom toxicities. Snake venom metalloproteinase is the principal enzyme of B. arietans venom exhibiting severe haemorrhage and haemostatic disturbances in envenomed victims. In this current study, B. arietans snake venom metalloproteinase was isolated using ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration while SDS-PAGE was used to determine enzyme molecular weight. M. oleifera ethyl acetate soluble fraction was fractionated using column and thin-layer chromatography into subfractions and tested against B. arietans snake venom metalloproteinase. EchiTab polyvalent antivenom was used as the standard drug. The compounds present in the most active subfraction were identified using GCMS. The molecular weight of isolated enzyme was 43.28 kDa with specific activity of 3.06 μmol/min/mg and percentage yield of 18.5%. A total of 8 subfractions were obtained after fractionation and labelled ethyl acetate subfractions F1-8. All subfractions showed significant (p < 0.05) inhibition against B. arietans snake venom metalloproteinase activity. However, subfraction F5 demonstrated the highest inhibition against B. arietans snake venom metalloproteinase activity with total inhibition at all concentrations compared to other subfractions and antivenom. Subfraction F5 displayed substantial inhibition against the haemorrhagic, haemolytic, and anticoagulant activities of B. arietans venom with a dose-dependent effect. The major bioactive compounds of subfraction F5 were γ-sitosterol (5.92%), kaempferol (5.9%), quercetin (5.28%), n-hexadecanoic acid (5.23%), and n-pentacosane (5.22%) of which some were previously reported as potential snake venom inhibitors. Results showed that subfraction F5 possesses potential antivenom compounds that could be explored for snakebite treatment.
Kaempferol alleviates neurodegenerative disorders induced by Naja nigricollis venom via mechanisms of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, dopaminergic and neuronal functions
(Elsevier, 2024) Ajisebiola, B.S.; Mustapha, A-R.K.; Oyedara, O.O.; Oladele, J.O.; Adeyi, A.O.
"Naja nigricollis venom (NnV) contains neurotoxins that influence neurological functions. Kaempferol is a bioactive compound present in edible plants with numerous pharmacological activities. This study investigated the ameliorative potential of kaempferol against NnV-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (n =10). Group 1 rats were the control while 1.0 mg/kg􀀀1 (LD50) of NnV was injected intraperitoneally into rats in groups 2–5 to observed neurotoxicity. Group 2 was untreated post en- venomation, while groups 3–5 were treated with polyvalent antivenom, 4 and 8 mg/kg of kaempferol, respec- tively. The biochemical analysis, neurotoxicity, and pathomorphological defects were assessed in the brain of the envenomed treated rats. Envenomation with NnV elevated oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers, and induced neurotoxicity accompanied with neurobehavioral deficits, and severe pathohistological defects were seen in the brain of untreated envenomed rats. However, treatment with kaempferol significantly (p <0.05) decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and upregulated levels of reduce glutathione (GSH) antioxidant including su- peroxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) antioxidant enzymes, while inflammatory bio- markers; nitric oxide (NO) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity significantly decreased in envenomed treated groups. Kaempferol upregulated dopamine concentration with significant suppression of acetylcholin- esterase (AchE) activity, and restored neurobehavioral and locomotor activities in envenomed treated rats. Also, severe pathomorphological alterations observed in the cortex of the brain were attenuated after kaempferol treatment. The underlaying ameliorative mechanisms of kaempferol are linked to its antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-inflammatory activity, acetylcholinesterase suppression, and alleviation of dopa- mine system and neurobehavioral abilities."
Kaempferol mitigates reproductive dysfunctions induced by Naja nigricollis venom through antioxidant system and anti‑inflammatory response in male rats
(Nature Portfolio / Springer Nature, 2024) Adeyi, A.O.; Ajisebiola, B.S.; Sanni, A.A.; Oladele, J.O.; Mustapha, A-R.K.; Oyedara, O.O.; Fagbenro, O.S.
Naja nigricollis Venom (NnV) contains complex toxins that affects various vital systems functions after envenoming. The venom toxins have been reported to induce male reproductive disorders in envenomed rats. This present study explored the ameliorative potential of kaempferol on NnVinduced male reproductive toxicity. Fifty male wistar rats were sorted randomly into five groups (n = 10) for this study. Group 1 were noted as the control, while rats in groups 2 to 5 were injected with LD50 of NnV (1.0 mg/kg bw; i.p.). Group 2 was left untreated post envenomation while group 3 was treated with 0.2 ml of polyvalent antivenom. Groups 4 and 5 were treated with 4 and 8 mg/ kg of kaempferol, respectively. NnV caused substantial reduction in concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and luteinizing hormone, while sperm motility, volume and counts significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in envenomed untreated rats. The venom enhanced malondialdehyde levels and substantially decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the testes and epididymis of envenomed untreated rats. Additionally, epididymal and testicular myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide levels were elevated which substantiated severe morphological defects noticed in the reproductive organs. However, treatment of envenomed rats with kaempferol normalized the reproductive hormones with significant improvement on sperm functional parameters. Elevated inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in testis and epididymis were suppressed post kaempferol treatment. Severe histopathological lesions in the epididymal and testicular tissues were ameliorated in the envenomed treated groups. Results highlights the significance of kaempferol in mitigating reproductive toxicity induced after snakebite envenoming.