Browsing by Author "Onakpoma, F. A."

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A histomorphological pattern of gallbladder lesions in a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria: a retrospective descriptive study
(Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC), 2021) Ajani, M. A.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Fatunla, E. O.; Adegoke, O. O.; Salami, A. A.
BACKGROUND: The gallbladder is one of the most common specimens encountered in the surgical pathology laboratory, and gallstone related diseases are among the most common medical problems requiring surgical intervention. This study's objective was to determine the histomorphological patterns and frequency of gall bladder lesions from cholecystectomy specimens received in our institution for over twenty years. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of all cholecystectomy specimens received at the pathology department for 20 years from January 1999 to December 2018. The specimens were obtained from within and outside the hospital facility. The demographic data, clinical details, and histological diagnosis were retrieved from the departmental records and were analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS: A total of 211 cholecystectomy specimens were received during the study period. Patients’ age ranged from 14 to 84 years, with a mean age of 47.6 ± 0.899 years. There was a female preponderance with male to female ratio of 43:168 (1:3.9). Surgery for gallbladder disease was most commonly performed in the age range of 41-50 years. Out of the 211 specimens, 153 (72.5%) had calculi and 58 (27.5%) were acalculous. Chronic calculous cholecystitis was the most common histopathological diagnosis (65.4%). Others were chronic acalculous cholecystitis (18.0%), acute on chronic acalculous cholecystitis (2.4%), adenocarcinoma (3.3%), metastatic adenocarcinoma (0.1%), adenocarcinoma with chronic calculous cholecystitis (0.5%), klatskin tumour (0.5%), and normal gallbladders (1.9%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the commonest indication for cholecystectomy in our hospital was gall stone disease. Malignancy of the gallbladder is uncommon in our center.
Inflammatory pseudotumor: a 20‑Year single institutional experience
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Fatunla, E. O.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Salami, A. A.
Background: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a relatively rare benign disease. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, and histomorphological characteristics of IPT while highlighting its associated diagnostic challenges. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross sectional review of all the IPT diagnosed in our institution between January 1999 and December 2018 was conducted. The samples were received from within and outside the hospital facility. The demographic data, clinical history, and histologic reports were reviewed. Results: A total of 25 cases of histologically confirmed IPT were seen. Patients’ age ranges from 7 to 74 years with a mean age of 38.96 years and standard deviation ± 17.94 years. There was a bimodal peak occurrence in the third and fifth decades. Most of the patients were adults (23, 92%), whereas only 2 (8%) were children. There was a female preponderance with a male to female ratio of 1:2.6. The head and neck had the highest number of cases (44%), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (40%). Eight (73%) of head and neck cases occurred in the orbit. The presenting complaints depended on the site of the lesion with pain and swelling being the commonest symptoms irrespective of the site of the lesions. Two cases of bilateral IPT were observed. Immunohistochemistry was used in a certain condition of diagnostic dilemma. Conclusion: This study showed a female preponderance of IPT with the head and neck and GIT being the most common location. It is important to rule out other differentials in the diagnosis of IPT.
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Ibadan: a single-institutional experience
(Faculty of pathology, national postgraduate medical college of nigeria, 2020) Fatunla, E. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Onakpoma, F. A.; Takure, A. O.; Okolo, C. A.
Background: Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2) protein has been shown to have both prognostic and therapeutic values in several malignancies including urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (UCB). Aims: This study aimed to determine HER 2 protein overexpression and evaluate its correlation with clinico pathological parameters in UCB. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study involving the immunohistochemical review of all histologically diagnosed urinary bladder malignancy in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, between January 2002 and December 2016. Urinary bladder malignancies whose tissue blocks could not be found and/or demographic data were not available were excluded. Immunohistochemistry analysis was done using rabbit anti HER 2 antibody (Biocare) and American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines established for breast cancer were used for HER 2 status scoring. The statistical analysis was carried out usingthe Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Results: HER 2 overexpression was found in four (6.3%) cases. All the HER 2 positive cases were males. One (2.9%) of the 35 high grade UCB showed positive HER 2 overexpression, whereas three (10.7%) of the 28 low grade tumor were positive for HER 2 protein overexpression.There was no statistically significant association between HER 2 protein overexpression and histological grades of UCB and muscle invasion by the tumor. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the low percentage of HER 2 overexpression in UCB with no significant association with tumor grades and muscle invasion. Larger samples involving multiple centers can provide more robust information and further evaluate HER 2 overexpression in urothelial carcinoma in our environment.