Browsing by Author "Owolabi M. O."

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Data resource profile: Cardiovascular H3Africa Innovation Resource (CHAIR)
(Oxford University Press, 2018) Owolabi M. O.; Akpa O. M.; Made F.; Adebamowo S. N.; Ojo A.; Adu D.; Motala A. A.; Mayosi B. M.; Ovbiagele B.; Adebamowo C.; Tayo B.; Rotimi C.; Akinyemi R.; Gebregziabher M.; Sarfo F.; Wahab K. W.
Dominant modifiable risk factors for stroke in Ghana and and Nigeria (SIREN): a case-control study
(Elsevier Ltd., 2018) Owolabi M. O.; Sarfo F. S.; Akinyemi R. O.; Gebregziabher M.; Akpa O.; Akpalu A.; Wahab K.; Obiako R.; Owolabi L.; Ovbiagele B.
Background Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest incidence, prevalence, and fatality from stroke globally. Yet, only little information about context-specific risk factors for prioritising interventions to reduce the stroke burden in sub-Saharan Africa is available. We aimed to identify and characterise the effect of the top modifiable risk factors for stroke in sub Saharan Africa. Methods The Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network (SIREN) study is a multicentre, case-control study done at 15 sites in Nigeria and Ghana. Cases were adults (aged ≥18 years) with stroke confirmed by CT or MRI. Controls were age-matched and gender-matched stroke-free adults (aged ≥18 years) recruited from the communities in catchment areas of cases. Comprehensive assessment for vascular, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors was done using standard instruments. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and population attributable risks (PARs) with 95% CIs. Findings Between Aug 28, 2014, and June 15, 2017, we enrolled 2118 case-control pairs (1192 [56%] men) with mean ages of 59•0 years (SD 13•8) for cases and 57•8 years (13•7) for controls. 1430 (68%) had ischaemic stoke, 682 (32%) had haemorrhagic stroke, and six x (<1%) had discrete ischaemic and haemorrhagic lesions. 98•2% (95% CI 97•2–99•0) of adjusted PAR of stroke was associated with 11 potentially modifiable risk factors with ORs and PARs in descending order of PAR of 19•36 (95% CI 12•11–30•93) and 90•8% (95% CI 87•9–93•7) for hypertension, 1•85 (1•44–2•38) and 35•8% (25•3–46•2) for dyslipidaemia, 1•59 (1•19–2•13) and 31•1% (13•3–48•9) for regular meat consumption, 1•48 (1•13–1•94) and 26•5% (12•9–40•2) for elevated waist-to-hip ratio, 2•58 (1•98–3•37) and 22•1% (17•8–26•4) for diabetes, 2•43 (1•81–3•26) and 18•2% (14•1–22•3) for low green leafy vegetable consumption, 1•89 (1•40–2•54) and 11•6% (6•6–16•7) for stress, 2•14 (1•34–3•43) and 5•3% (3•3–7•3) for added salt at the table, 1•65 (1•09–2•49) and 4•3% (0•6–7•9) for cardiac disease, 2•13 (1•12–4•05) and 2•4% (0•7–4•1) for physical inactivity, and 4•42 (1•75–11•16) and 2•3% (1•5–3•1) for current cigarette smoking. Ten of these factors were associated with ischaemic stroke and six with haemorrhagic stroke occurrence. Interpretation Implementation of interventions targeting these leading risk factors at the population level should substantially curtail the burden of stroke among Africans.
Pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus in experimental infection of different developmental stages of Clarias gariepinus
(Science domain International, 2023) Owolabi M. O.; Anifowose O. R.; Oladosu G. A.; Wolabi O. O.
Aims: This study aimed to investigating the pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus in the experimental infection of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings and juvenile catfish. Experimental Procedure: Aspergillus fumigatus used for this study was isolated from the gills and liver of infected juveniles presented for microbial diagnostic examination, cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar for 3 – 4 days, and identified at the Aquatic Animal and Wildlife Laboratory (AAWL), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan. Methodology: One hundred and forty healthy eight-week old Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (average weight of 4g) and 140 healthy sixteen-week old juvenile (average weight of 10g) were purchased from a commercial fish farm in Ibadan. The fingerlings and juveniles were randomly divided into seven groups, each with 20 fish in five litters of water. The fungal suspension containing 3.2 X 106 spores/ml of Aspergillus fumigatus was used for the pathogenicity test. Six groups were infected by immersion in water containing fungal spores at the rates of 2ml/L and 5ml/L for fingerlings and juveniles respectively. The clinical signs, skin lesions and mortality were observed daily for 14 days. Results: Aspergillus fumigatus isolated in this study has green spiked conidia; and the size of the conidia is 2.5µm. The conidia have a smooth surface and small spikes covering their surface. Moreover, the mortality rate was significantly (p = 0.40) higher in infected fingerlings (80%) than juveniles (62%) at fourteen days post-infection. The gross lesions observed during experimental infection of fingerlings and juveniles included exophthalmia, atrophied barbel, congested trunk kidney, hyperemia of gill filaments, and skin depigmentation. The histopathological organ changes caused by Aspergillus fumigatus were obvious in the liver and gills. Vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and necrosis of some melanomacrophage cells, in addition, severe erosion of the primary and secondary lamellae, were observed in infected juveniles. Conclusion: Aspergillus fumigatus causes high mortality in fingerlings and juvenile of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
Randomized trial of an intervention to improve blood pressure control in stroke survivors
(American Heart Association, Inc., 2020) Owolabi M. O.; Gebregziabher M.; Akinyemi R. O.; Akinyemi J. O.; Akpa O.; Olaniyan O.; Salako B. L.; Arulogun O.; Tagge R.; Uvere E.; Fakunle A.; Ovbiagele B.
BACKGROUND: We conducted the first-of-its kind randomized stroke trial in Africa to test whether a THRIVES (Tailored Hospital-based Risk reduction to Impede Vascular Events after Stroke) intervention improved blood pressure (BP) control among patients with stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS: Intervention comprised a patient global risk factor control report card, personalized phone text-messaging, and educational video. Four hundred patients recruited from 4 distinct medical facilities in Nigeria, aged ≥18 years with stroke-onset within one-year, were randomized to THRIVES intervention and control group. The control group also received text messages, and both groups received modest financial incentives. The primary outcome was mean change in systolic BP (SBP) at 12 months. There were 36.5% females, 72.3% with ischemic stroke; mean age was 57.2±11.7 years; 93.5% had hypertension and mean SBP was 138.33 (23.64) mmHg. At 12 months, there was no significant difference in SBP reduction from baseline in the THRIVES versus control group (2.32 versus 2.01 mmHg, P=0.82). In an exploratory analysis of subjects with baseline BP >140/90 mmHg (n=168), THRIVES showed a significant mean SBP (diastolic BP) decrease of 11.7 (7.0) mmHg while control group showed a significant mean SBP (diastolic BP) decrease of 11.2 (7.9) mmHg at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: THRIVES intervention did not significantly reduce SBP compared with controls. However, there was similar significant decrease in mean BP in both treatment arms in the subgroup with baseline hypertension. As text-messaging and a modest financial incentive were the common elements between both treatment arms, further research is required to establish whether these measures alone can improve BP control among stroke survivors
Stroke Among Young West Africans Evidence From the SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network) Large Multisite Case–Control Study.
(American Heart Association, Inc., 2019) Sarfo F. S.; Ovbiagele B.; Gebregziabher M.; Wahab K.; Akinyemi R. O.; Akpalu A.; Akpa O.; Obiako R.; Owolabi L.; Jenkins C.; Owolabi M. O.
Background and purpose: Stroke in lower and middle-income countries affects a young and productive age group. Data on factors associated with stroke in the young are sorely lacking from lower and middle-income countries. Our objective is to characterize the nature of stroke and its risk factors among young West Africans aged <50 years old. Methods: The SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Network) is a multicenter, case-control study involving 15 sites in Nigeria and Ghana. Cases included adults aged ≥18 years with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed stroke. Controls were age-and gender-matched stroke-free adults recruited from the communities in catchment areas of cases. Comprehensive evaluation for vascular, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors was performed. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and population attributable risks with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Five hundred fifteen (24.3%) out of 2118 cases enrolled were <50 years old. Among subjects <50 years old, hemorrhagic stroke proportion was 270 (52.5%) versus 245 (47.5%) for ischemic strokes. Etiologic subtypes of ischemic strokes included large artery atherosclerosis (40.0%), small vessel disease (28.6%), cardioembolism (11.0%), and undetermined (20.4%). Hypertension (91.7%), structural lesions (3.4%), and others (4.9%) were causally associated with hemorrhagic stroke. Six topmost modifiable factors associated with stroke in descending order of population attributable risk (95% confidence interval) were hypertension: 88.7% (82.5%-94.8%), dyslipidemia: 48.2% (30.6%-65.9%), diabetes mellitus: 22.6% (18.7%-26.5%), low green vegetable consumption: 18.2% (-6.8%-43.2%), stress: 14.5% (4.9%-24.1%), and cardiac disease: 8.4% (5.8%-11.1%). Conclusions: The high and rising burden of stroke among young Africans should be curtailed via aggressive, population-wide vascular risk factor control.