Browsing by Author "Oyekan, O. O."

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Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of terminalia mantaly H. Perrier (Combretaceae) on multidrug resistant (MDR) wound pathogens
(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2020) Idowu, P. A.; Oyekan, O. O.; Akinbami, A. N.
Multidrug resistant (MDR) wound pathogens have rendered many antimicrobials ineffective in the treatment of infected wounds. Medicinal plants used to treat wound infections, especially in developing countries can furnish new and effective agents. Therefore, Terminalia mantaly used locally to treat infections was evaluated for antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Methanol extracts of leaves and roots were tested at 20 and 10mg/ml on thirty-two clinical isolates of wound bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus) from three Nigerian hospitals. Antibacterial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) were determined by agar well diffusion and agar dilution methods respectively. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by catalase, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide and DPPH free radical scavenging activities. The extracts showed good antibacterial activity with zones of inhibition between 12-35mm on all the tested pathogens with better activity on Gram–negative bacteria including the MDR strains. The MICs (and MBC) of leaf and root extracts were between 0.625-5mg/ml (1.25-10mg/ml) and 0.625-5mg/ml (1.25-5mg/ml) respectively. Leaf extract gave good antioxidant activity, better than root (comparable with ascorbic acid) of 73.77% inhibition on hydrogen peroxide scavenging, 76.36% inhibition on lipid peroxidation and 61.68% DPPH radical scavenging activities. Extracts of Terminalia mantaly showed good antioxidant and antibacterial activities, justifying the traditional uses of the plants. Further, the activity on MDR pathogens revealed the plant as a potential source of newer antibacterial agents for treating wound infections caused by MDR pathogens.
Susceptibility pattern of Candida albicans from vaginal candidiasis to azole antifungal agents and extracts of Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. (Anacardiaceae)
(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 2020) Idowu, P. A.; Oyekan, O. O.; Akinbami, A. N.
Increase in resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs including those of azole group commonly employed to treat vaginal candidiasis is a global health challenge, necessitating the need to seek alternative therapeutic approaches from medicinal plants. This study investigated the susceptibility pattern of Candida albicans to selected azole antifungal agents and extracts from a Nigerian medicinal plant, Lannea welwitschii. Thirty-five clinical isolates of C. albicans collected from University College Hospital, Ibadan, were further identified using Sabouraud dextrose agar, CHROM-agar (Candida), catalase, germ tube and lactose fermentation tests. Susceptibility of the isolates to azole antifungal drugs (fluconazole and voriconazole) and methanol extract of L. welwitschii stem bark at 100 and 50mg/ml were determined using agar-well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract and Miconazole (control) were determined using agar dilution method. Using CLSI breakpoint standard; for Voriconazole (25µg), 82.85% of the isolate were resistant, 5.71% intermediate and 11.43% susceptible while for Fluconazole(1µg), 88.57% resistant, 5.71% intermediate and 2.85% susceptible. The isolates showed 83-89% susceptibility to the plant’s extract. The MIC of L. welwitschii and Miconazole on seven (7) selected isolates were 3.1-12.5mg/ml and 1.0-1.6µg/ml respectively. The study showed an increase in resistance of Candida species to azole antifungal agents when compared to previous studies. Extract of Lannea welwitschii showed good anti-candida activity comparable to Miconazole, even on isolates that were resistant to Fluconazole and Voriconazole, and as such may be investigated for treating vagina candidiasis.
Susceptibility Pattern of Candida albicans from vaginal candidiasis to azole antifungal agents and Extracts of Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. (Anacardiaceae)
(Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2020) Idowu, P. A.; Oyekan, O. O.; Akinbami, A. N.
Increase in resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs including those of azole group commonly employed to treat vaginal candidiasis is a global health challenge, necessitating the need to seek alternative therapeutic approaches from medicinal plants. This study investigated the susceptibility pattern of Candida albicans to selected azole antifungal agents and extracts from a Nigerian medicinal plant, Lannea welwitschii. Thirty-five clinical isolates of C. albicans collected from University College Hospital, Ibadan, were further identified using Sabouraud dextrose agar, CHROM-agar (Candida), catalase, germ tube and lactose fermentation tests. Susceptibility of the isolates to azole antifungal drugs (fluconazole and voriconazole) and methanol extract of L. welwitschii stem bark at 100 and 50mg/ml were determined using agar-well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extract and Miconazole (control) were determined using agar dilution method. Using CLSI breakpoint standard; for Voriconazole (25μg), 82.85% of the isolate were resistant, 5.71% intermediate and 11.43% susceptible while for Fluconazole(1μg), 88.57% resistant, 5.71% intermediate and 2.85% susceptible. The isolates showed 83-89% susceptibility to the plant’s extract. The MIC of L. welwitschii and Miconazole on seven (7) selected isolates were 3.1-12.5mg/ml and 1.0-1.6μg/ml respectively. The study showed an increase in resistance of Candida species to azole antifungal agents when compared to previous studies. Extract of Lannea welwitschii showed good anti-candida activity comparable to Miconazole, even on isolates that were resistant to Fluconazole and Voriconazole, and as such may be investigated for treating vagina candidiasis.