Browsing by Author "Taiwo B."

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Is there any relationship between hearing threshold levels and CD4 cell count of human immunodeficiency virus infected adults?
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2016) Fasunla A. I.; Ijitola J. O.; Akpa O. J.; Nwaorgu O. G. B.; Taiwo B.; Olaleye D. O.; Murphy R. L.; Adewole I. F.
Background: The role of viral load level and/or CD4 (Cluster of differentiation 4) cell count in the aetiopathogenesis of hearing loss in HIV infection is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relation hip between CD4 cell counts, viral load and hearing threshold of HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) infected adults. Methods: This cohort audiometric study involved consecutive HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults as controls. Clinical data relating to hearing loss, HIV status, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were obtained. Audiometric evaluation was performed. The most recent CD4 cell counts and RNA viral load of HIV-infected participants were obtained from clinic records. Results: There were 299(66.7%) HIV-infected adults and 149(33.3%) controls with mean age of 39.64± 12.45 years and 39.60±12.45 years respectively (p=0.98). In both groups, there were more participants with Ieft hearing loss. Mild to profound hearing loss was found in 65.9% H IV infected participants and 53.7% controls. Majority (86.3%) of the HIV-infected participants were on HAART. The mean CD4 cell count was 654.58±289.15 in 41 HIV-infected participant not on HAART and 523.95±300.17 in 258 participants on HAART (p=O.O I). Majority, 197 (62%) HIV infected participants with hearing loss had CD4 cell count S200 cells/mm'. Higher viral load significantly correlated with low CD4 cell counts (p<0.01; r= 0.18) and low CD4 cell count significantly correlated with high hearing threshold (p<0.01; r= 0.17) Conclusion: There was a trend towards more hearing loss among the HIV-infected adults. The higher hearing threshold in those with low CD4 cell counts of <200 cells/mm3 suggests possible relationship between hearing status and severity of HIV disease.
Similar changes in neuropsychological functioning in english and spanish speaking HIV patients
(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2018) Akpa O.; Miyahara S.; Taiwo B.; Evans S.; Berzins B.; Robertson K.
Objective: Primary language has been reported to influence the results of neuropsy chological (NP) testing. We sought to determine whether being a primary Spanish versus English speaker affects changes in neuropsychological evaluations in persons living with HIV. Method: Data from 209 (188 English speakers and 21 Spanish speakers) ART-naïve HIV-infected adults were extracted from ACTG A5303, a 48-week randomized clini cal trial of two HIV treatment regimens. Participants’ mean (standard deviation) age and years of education were 35.1 (10.7) and 14.3 (2.7) years respectively. Changes from baseline to week 48 of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in individual, total, and do main z-scores for NP tests and Global Deficit Scores (GDS) were compared between the primary languages using linear regression models, adjusted for baseline scores and years of education. Results: Baseline demographic characteristics were comparable except Spanish speakers had less years of education than the English speakers (p < 0.001). Although differences in some NP measures and domains were detected at baseline, the ad justed changes in individual, total and domain NP z-scores from baseline to 48 weeks of ART were not significantly different between the two primary language groups. The 48-week changes in GDS were also similar. Conclusion: Changes in NP during ART were similar between English and Spanish speaking HIV-infected individuals for all NP measures. This suggests that studies of longitudinal changes in NP can pool participants across these languages