Scholarly works in Clinical Pharmacy & Administration

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ibadanedu.com/handle/123456789/383

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Start date: 2010End date: 2019

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 38
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    Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy: Knowledge of Community Pharmacists in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Benin, 2019) Akande-Sholabi, W.; Ilesanmi, O.; Ayanleke, A.
    Purpose: To evaluate the knowledge of community pharmacists in the management of malaria in pregnancy and their adherence to the World Health Organisation (WHO) treatment guidelines. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on knowledge and adherence to WHO guidelines. Respondents’ scores on a 12-item knowledge question on the management of malaria in pregnancy were categorized as good knowledge if ≥ 10, and poor knowledge if < 10. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Chi-square test was used to explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge. Results: Pharmacists qualified within 10 years of the study period were 29 (48.3 %). Only 25 (31.3 %) of the pharmacists possessed an additional qualification to Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. Rapid diagnostic test kits (RDT) and light microscopy test (LMT) have been used by 51 (76.2 %) and 17 (28.8 %), respectively, to diagnose malaria. About three-quarters (71.3 %) had poor knowledge of the medication for the treatment of malaria in pregnancy. Knowledge score was neither significantly associated with the pharmacists’ years of qualification (p = 0.174) nor with possession of additional qualification (p = 0.334). Conclusions: There is a substantial gap in pharmacists’ knowledge on the management of malaria in pregnancy, revealing an urgent need for training and adherence of community pharmacists to World Health Organisation treatment guidelines to ensure the safety of pregnant women and the unborn baby.
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    Clinical and Humanistic Outcomes of Pharmaceutical care Interventions in Diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
    (West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists (WAPCP), 2019) Showande, J. S.; Akande-Sholabi, W.; Fakeye, O.T.
    Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease for which life-long medications and care are needed. Effectiveness of care is related to good glycemic control, which is desired to forestall complications. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care (PC) services provided by pharmacists in improving clinical and humanistic outcomes in diabetes mellitus patients. Method: Five databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in English using free text and medical subject headings keywords. Studies which had PC intervention arm, a control group, type1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; clinical and/or humanistic outcomes were included. For meta-analysis, standard mean difference evaluated with random effect model at P<0.05 was reported. Significant heterogeneity was further evaluated with sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 41 RCTs with 7,448 patients were eligible out of 1222 citations. PC intervention significantly lowered glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05), with significant heterogeneity. PC intervention also improved self-care but medication adherence, disease knowledge and quality of life were not improved. PC services offered (patient education, identification and resolution of drug therapy problems, and pharmacotherapy evaluation) were not uniform across the studies. Conclusion: The review and meta-analysis showed that PC intervention is of great benefit to improve most clinical outcomes which may result in better disease management. A call is however made for standardized pharmaceutical care intervention.
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    Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive Medications in a Geriatric Center In Southwestern Nigeria
    (Nigeria Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), 2019) Akande-Sholabi, W.; Adebusoye, L.
    Background: Hypertension is a prominent public health problem, with considerable health consequences. Recommended guidelines encourage use of antihypertensive medications with the best evidence of reducing cardiovascular risk. Data on antihypertensive medications use among older Nigerians is limited. Objective: This study evaluated the antihypertensive medication use among older persons with hypertension in compliance with the Eighth Joint National Committee guidelines (JNC 8). Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study, of older patients diagnosed with hypertension between the 1st January 2017 and 31st December 2017 at the geriatric center, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Results: The mean age was 70.2 ± 7.2 years and 62% were female. The mean number of medications used by the patient was 4.5 ± 1.4. Of the patients, 56% were receiving combination therapy, 42% two drugs and 14% three drugs. Most patients were receiving calcium channel blockers (33.8%), followed by diuretics (29.6%), angiotensin receptor blockers (23.4%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (10.8%). Commonest combination therapy was calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics (28.3%), while the commonest multi-morbidities were osteoarthritis (32.7%), diabetes (17.3%) and dyslipidemia (8.7%). Conclusion: This study showed that more than half of older persons with hypertension were on combination therapy, and the most frequently used class of antihypertensive drugs were calcium channel blockers, followed by diuretics. The guidelines and data for black ≥60 years indicate that lower doses of combination therapy are more effective in achieving blood pressure target. Despite the numerous advantages of ACEIs, they remain underutilized.
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    Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use Among Older Patients Attending a Geriatric Centre in South-West Nigeria
    (Sage, 2018) Akande-Sholabi, W.; Olowookere, O.; Adebusoye, L.
    Objectives: To determine the prevalence and describe factors associated with the use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) among older patients. Methods: Cross sectional study of 400 older patients selected systematically at the geriatric centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan between July and September 2016. With the aid of semi-structured questionnaires, information on the socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, healthcare utilisation and morbidities was obtained. The Beer’s criteria 2015 update was used to identify the PIMs. Predictors of PIMs were determined using multivariate analyses at alpha 0.05. Results: Age was 70.2 (SD=5.9) years and 240 (60%) were females. General prescription pattern showed antihypertensives (34.7%) as the commonest medications used. The point prevalence of PIMs use was 31%. In all, 10 PIMs were used by the respondents. The majority (81.5%) were using one PIM, while (17.7%) used two PIMs and (0.8%) 3 PIMs. NSAIDs (72.6%) were the commonest PIMs identified, followed by the benzodiazepines (24.2%). Respondents had an average of 1.9 morbidities, and mulitmorbidity found in 60.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed self-rated health assessed as better compared with age-mates [OR =1.718 (1.080–2.725)] and being physically active [OR =1.879 (1.026–3.436)] as the most significantly associated with PIMs use. Conclusions: The use of PIMs among older patients in our setting was high with NSAIDs being the most frequently used medications. An interdisciplinary approach, of medication review by pharmacists’, working with physicians may improve prescribing practices among older persons. Therefore, it is necessary to create public health awareness on the use of PIMs among older persons.
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    Polypharmacy and Factors Associated with their Prevalence Among Older Patients Attending a Geriatric Centre in South-West Nigeria
    (West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists (WAPCP), 2018) Akande-Sholabi, W.; Olowookere, O.; Adebusoye, L.
    Background: Polypharmacy among older people in Nigeria are prominent issues of public health dimension. Polypharmacy especially in older people with multiple diseases often results in poor health status and outcomes. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy among older patients attending the geriatric clinic. Methods: Cross sectional study of 400 elderly patients aged 60 years and above who presented at geriatric clinic, UCH, Ibadan. Polypharmacy was taken as concurrent consumption of =5 medications. Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, attitudinal factors on medication understanding, medication pattern and intake were assessed through a questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS 20 and alpha was set at 0.05. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 70.2 ± 5.9 years and 240 (60.0%) were females. The point prevalence of polypharmacy was 23.8%. The average medications consumed were 4 without sex difference. Logistic regression analysis showed that taking too many prescription medications (OR = 2.188; 95% CI =1.014 – 4.808, p = 0.05), intentionally skipping my medications because they are too many (OR = 3.756; 95% CI = 1.354 – 10.424, p = 0.01) and receiving prescriptions from more than one physicians on regular basis (OR= 2.336; 95% CI = 1.058 – 5.155, p = 0.04) were the most significant factors associated with polypharmacy. Conclusion: Polypharmacy is common among older people in this setting. Healthcare workers should address the attitudinal, social and health related factors, which could lead to polypharmacy.
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    Treatment of malaria in pregnancy: Knowledge of community pharmacists in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Original Research Article, 2019-11-14) Akande-Sholabi, W.; Ilesanmi,O. S.; Ayanleke,A.S.
    Purpose: To evaluate the knowledge of community pharmacists in the management of malaria in pregnancy and their adherence to the World Health Organisation (WHO) treatment guidelines. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on knowledge and adherence to WHO guidelines. Respondents’ scores on a 12-item knowledge question on the management of malaria in pregnancy were categorized as good knowledge if ≥ 10, and poor knowledge if < 10. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Chi-square test was used to explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge. Results: Pharmacists qualified within 10 years of the study period were 29 (48.3 %). Only 25 (31.3 %) of the pharmacists possessed an additional qualification to Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. Rapid diagnostic test kits (RDT) and light microscopy test (LMT) have been used by 51 (76.2 %) and 17 (28.8 %), respectively, to diagnose malaria. About three-quarters (71.3 %) had poor knowledge of the medication for the treatment of malaria in pregnancy. Knowledge score was neither significantly associated with the pharmacists’ years of qualification (p = 0.174) nor with possession of additional qualification (p = 0.334). Conclusions: There is a substantial gap in pharmacists’ knowledge on the management of malaria in pregnancy, revealing an urgent need for training and adherence of community pharmacists to World Health Organisation treatment guidelines to ensure the safety of pregnant women and the unborn baby.
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    Prescribing Pattern of Antihypertensive Medications in a Geriatric Center In South Western Nigeria
    (2019) Akande Sholabi.W.; Adebusoye, L. A.
    Background: Hypertension is a prominent public health problem, with considerable health consequences. Recommended guidelines encourage use of antihypertensive medications with the best evidence of reducing cardiovascular risk. Data on antihypertensive medications use among older Nigerians is limited. Objective: This study evaluated the antihypertensive medication use among older persons with hypertension in compliance with the Eighth Joint National Committee guidelines (JNC 8). Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study, of older patients diagnosed with hypertension between the 1st January 2017 and 31st December 2017 at the geriatric center, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Results: The mean age was 70.2 ± 7.2 years and 62% were female. The mean number of medications used by the patient was 4.5 ± 1.4. Of the patients, 56% were receiving combination therapy, 42% two drugs and 14% three drugs. Most patients were receiving calcium channel blockers (33.8%), followed by diuretics (29.6%), angiotensin receptor blockers (23.4%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (10.8%). Commonest combination therapy was calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics (28.3%), while the commonest multi-morbidities were osteoarthritis (32.7%), diabetes (17.3%) and dyslipidemia (8.7%). Conclusion: This study showed that more than half of older persons with hypertension were on combination therapy, and the most frequently used class of antihypertensive drugs were calcium channel blockers, followed by diuretics. The guidelines and data for black ≥60 years indicate that lower doses of combination therapy are more effective in achieving blood pressure target. Despite the numerous advantages of ACEIs, they remain underutilized.
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    Polypharmacy and factors associated with their prevalence among older patients attending a geriatric centre in South-West Nigeria
    (2018) Akande-Sholabi,W.; Adebusoye,L.; Olowookere,O.
    Background: Polypharmacy among older people in Nigeria are prominent issues of public health dimension. Polypharmacy especially in older people with multiple diseases often results in poor health status and outcomes. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy among older patients attending the geriatric clinic. Methods: Cross sectional study of 400 elderly patients aged 60 years and above who presented at geriatric clinic, UCH, Ibadan. Polypharmacy was taken as concurrent consumption of =5 medications. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, attitudinal factors on medication understanding, medication pattern and intake were assessed through a questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS 20 and alpha was set at 0.05. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 70.2 ± 5.9 years and 240 (60.0%) were females. The point prevalence of polypharmacy was 23.8%. The averagemedications consumed were 4 without sex difference. Logistic regression analysis showed that taking too many prescription medications (OR = 2.188; 95% CI = 1.014 – 4.808, p = 0.05), intentionally skipping my medications because they are too many (OR = 3.756; 95% CI = 1.354 – 10.424, p = 0.01) and receiving prescriptions from more than one physicians on regular basis (OR = 2.336; 95% CI = 1.058 – 5.155, p = 0.04) were the most significant factors associated with polypharmacy. Conclusion: Polypharmacy is common among older people in this setting. Healthcare workers should address the attitudinal, social and health related factors, which could lead to polypharmacy.
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    Use of antibiotics among non-medical students in a nigerian university
    (2013) Sanya T.E; Titilayo O.F; Adisa R; Showande J.S
    Background: Antibiotic misuse is a major contributory factor to treatment failure, antibiotic resistance and high healthcare costs. Objectives: To evaluate level of self-reported antibiotic misuse among non-medical undergraduate students of a Nigerian university. Methods: Respondents’ knowledge of antibiotics and disposal system for left-over antibiotics were explored using a structured questionnaire. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Chi square was used to evaluate relationship between specific categorical variables and respondents’ opinions with p<0.05. Results: More than half the respondents obtained their antibiotics through doctor’s prescriptions (273; 68.3%). The study revealed gross antibiotic misuse with majority, (298;74.5%) either by keeping left-over antibiotics for future use or throwing it away with refuse. Respondents (289; 72.3%) sometimes forgot to take the antibiotics. Financial constraints (73; 18.3%), long duration of treatment (70; 17.5%), side effects experienced (60;15.0%), polypharmacy (56;14.0%), tablet size (45;11.3%), and perceived low level of confidence in the prescriber (11; 2.8%) were major reasons for non-adherence. Course of study of respondents had no significant effect on respondents’ knowledge or adherence (p>0.05). Conclusion: Misuse of antibiotics among non-medical undergraduate students in a Nigerian university setting is pervasive suggesting an urgent need for enlightenment on rational use and disposal of antibiotics.
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    Remedies for glucose intolerance – are traditional herbal concoctions for diabetes effective?
    (2015) Showande S.J.; Bello J.J
    Background:Preventing or delaying the onset of diabetes in prediabetes has the potential to reduce the disease prevalence. Objective:The effectiveness of traditional herbal concoctions for diabetes in ameliorating glucose intolerance was investigated. Material and Methods:Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out by giving 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of individual plant extract and their aqueous herbal concoctions made from Musa sapientum + Allium sativum + Tetracarpidium conophorum; Gongronema latifolia + Bauhinia monandra; and Alstonia boonei + Mangifera indica to groups of rats, 30 and 60 minutes respectively prior to 3 g/kg of glucose load. Blood glucose levels were determined at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post administration. Area under the curve (AUC) for OGTT and glycemic index were calculated and compared with the vehicle control and metformin (100 mg/kg). Level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results:Oral glucose tolerance test AUCs of individual plants were significantly lower than that of the vehicle control (P<0.05) but comparable with that of metformin (P>0.05) when given 30 minutes prior to glucose load. The OGTT curve AUCs of the three herbal concoctions were significantly higher than the two controls (P>0.05). Glycemic index of the concoctions were significantly higher than that of metformin (P>0.05) Conclusion:The herbal concoctions were not effective in ameliorating glucose intolerance. Individual plants were more effective when administered 30 minutes prior to glucose load. The individual herbs showed potentials to delay the onset of diabetes. Further investigations should be conducted on the numerous herbal concoctions used for diabetes.