Scholarly works in Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry & Pharmacology
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Item Effect of exposure and withdrawal on lead-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in cardiac tissues of rats(Informatics Publishing Limited, 2016) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.; Olopade, J. O.; Adedapo, A. A.Lead poisoning continues to pose a serious health challenge and more significantly so in developing countries with ineffective waste disposal systems. Recent efforts at solving lead poisoning issues have seen entire towns being resettled from lead-contaminated areas. This study was designed to investigate whether withdrawal of lead exposure results in a resolution of toxic effects of lead in cardiac tissues. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed orally to lead acetate (PbA) at doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ml for 6-week duration, after which one-half was sacrificed and the remaining left for a further 6 weeks without lead treatment. Exposure of rats to PbA produced significant decline (P < 0.05) in the activities of antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly elevated. Animals from the withdrawal period exhibited a similar pattern of alterations, with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in GSH, GPx, and SOD and a significant elevation in MDA and H2O2 concentrations. However, GST activity was elevated, whereas CAT activity remained unaltered in the withdrawal period. The results of this study showed that cardiotoxicity indicated by induction of oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant parameters failed to resolve upon withdrawal of lead exposure in male rats during the period of study.Item Cyclophosphamide‑induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats: the modulatory role of Gallic Acid as a hepatoprotective and Chemopreventive phytochemical(Medknow Publications, 2016) Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, O. T.; Asenuga, E. R.; Akinrinde, S. A.; Ogunsanwo, R. O.; Saba, A. B.Background: Gallic acid (GA) is an endogenous plant phenol known to have antioxidant, free radical scavenging ability, anti‑inflammatory, anti‑cancer, and anti‑fungal properties. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of GA on cyclophosphamide (CPA)‑induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods: Sixty rats were grouped into six groups of 10 rats per group. Group 1 received distilled water. Group 2 received CPA at 200 mg/kg single dose intraperitoneally on day 1. Groups 3 and 4 received a single dose of CPA (200 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 1 and then were treated with GA at 60 and 120 mg/kg body weight for 14 days, respectively. Rats in Groups 5 and 6 only received GA at 60 and 120 mg/kg body weight for 14 days, respectively. GA was administered orally. Results: CPA induced hepatic damage as indicated by significant elevation (P < 0.05) in aspartate aminotransferase, organ weight, and evidence by the histological study. CPA also induced hepatic oxidative stress as indicated by significant elevation (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation, nitrite level, and the level of glutathione (GSH) peroxidase crashed in the CPA‑treated group. GA enhanced the antioxidant defense system as indicated by significant elevation (P < 0.05) in GSH level, catalase activity, and GSH‑S‑transferase activity. Conclusions: Taken together, the result of this present study shows that GA has a protective effect on CPA‑induced hepatotoxicity.Item Gallic acid ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats Through Free radical scavenging activity and improvement in antioxidant defense system(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Saba, A. B.; Olowu, E. R.; Dada, R. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a widely used anticancer chemotherapeutic agent and its toxicity has been associated with its toxic metabolites phosphormide mustard. Therefore, the ameliorative effect of Gallic acid against neurotoxicity was examined in this study. Sixty rats were grouped into 10 rats per group. Group 1 received saline orally.Group 2 received CPA at 100 mg/kg single dose intraperitoneally on day 1. Groups 3 and 4were treated with Gallic acid (GA) at 60 and 120 mg/kg body weight only for 10 days and also received a single dose of CPA (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on day 1, respectively. Rats in groups 5 and 6 receivedGAat 60 and 120 mg/kg body weight only for 10 days. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 received GA orally. The cerebellar and cerebral malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and hydrogen peroxide generation were significantly (p < .05) elevated. The cerebellar and cerebral catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly (p < .05) reduced in CPA treated group. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was significantly increased in rats that were treatment with CPA. Also, nitrite content was significantly elevated in the brain of rats that received the toxic dose of CPA. All these findings suggest that treatment with GA (60 and 120 mg/kg) ameliorated the neurotoxicity induced by CPA via reduction of oxidative stress and increase in antioxidant defense system. Combining all, chemotherapeutic agents with structure/function similar to GA could be of potential benefit to the pharmaceutical industries as an adjuvant in chemotherapy with little or no side effects.Item Gallic acid protects against cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in testis and epididymis of rats(Blackwell Verlag GmbH, 2015) Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Saba, A. B.; Adedara, I. A.; Olowu, E. R.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Dada, R. O.The protective role of gallic acid (GA) on reproductive toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA), an antineoplastic drug, was investigated in male Wistar rats. Sixty rats were grouped into 10 rats per group. Group 1 (control) received distilled water. Rats in groups 2 and 3 received GA alone at 60 and 120 mg kg _1 for 14 consecutive days, respectively. Group 4 received a single intraperitoneal dose of CPA at 200 mg kg _1 on day 1. Groups 5 and 6 received a single dose of CPA (200 mg kg _1) intraperitoneally on day 1 followed by treatment with GA at 60 and 120 mg kg _1 for 14 consecutive days, respectively. In testes and epididymis of the treated rats, CPA administration resulted in significant elevation (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite and hydrogen peroxide levels. There was a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase. Furthermore, there were significant reductions in plasma luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels, which were accompanied by significant decrease in sperm motility and viability in CPA-treated rats. Histological examination revealed marked testicular and epididymal atrophy in CPA alone treated rats and these aberrations were reversed by GA. In conclusion, GA has capacity to protect against reproductive toxicity induced by cyclophosphamide.Item Lack of reversal of oxidative damage in renal tissues of lead Acetate-treated rats(Wiley, 2014) Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Saba, A. B.; Ogunpolu, B. S.; Daramola, O.Removal of lead from the environment of man or otherwise, the movement of man from lead-contaminated areas has been employed as a means of abatement of the toxic effects of lead. Whether toxic effects in already-exposed individuals subside after lead withdrawal remains unanswered. To understand the reversibility of nephrotoxicity induced by lead acetate, male Wistar rats were orally exposed to 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL of lead acetate for 6 weeks. Activities of glutathione-s-transferase, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde increased significantly (p<0.05) in a dosedependent manner, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly reduced. The pattern of alterations in most of the oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters remained similar in rats from the withdrawal period, although CAT and SOD activities reduced, in contrast to their elevation during the exposure period. Serum creatinine levels were significantly elevated in both exposure and withdrawal experiments whereas serum blood urea nitrogen levels were not significantly different from the control in both exposure and withdrawal periods. The histological damage observed include multifocal areas of inflammation, disseminated tubular necrosis, and fatty infiltration of the kidney tubules both at exposure and withdrawal periods. The results suggest that lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by induction of oxidative stress and disruption of antioxidant. The aforementioned alterations were not reversed in the rats left to recover within the time course of study.Item Failure of recovery from lead induced hepatoxicity and disruption of erythrocyte antioxidant defence system in Wistar ratsTemidayo(Elsevier B.V., 2014) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Saba, A. B.; Daramola, O. T.; Ogunpolu, B. S.; Olopade, J. O.Lead acetate (PbA) is one of the major environmental contaminants with grave toxicologicalconsequences both in the developing and developed countries. The liver and erythrocyteantioxidant status and markers of oxidative were assessed. Exposure of rats to PbA ledto significant decline (p < 0.05) in hepatic and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx),glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reducedglutathione (GSH) content. Similarly, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2concentrations weresignificantly (p < 0.05) elevated. Histopathology and immunohistology of liver of rats exposedto PbA showed focal areas of necrosis and COX-2 expression after 6 weeks of PbA withdrawal.Taken together, hepatic and erythrocytes antioxidant defence system failed to recover afterwithdrawal of the exposed PbA for the period of the study. In conclusion, experimentalanimals exposed to PbA did not recover from hepatotoxicity and disruption of erythrocyteantioxidant defence system via free radical generation and oxidative stress.Item Effect of exposure and withdrawal on lead-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in cardiac tissues of rats(Society of Toxicology, India, 2016) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.; Olukayode, O. J.; Adeolu, A. A.Lead poisoning continues to pose a serious health challenge and more significantly so in developing countries with ineffective waste disposal systems. Recent efforts at solving lead poisoning issues have seen entire towns being resettled from lead-contaminated areas. This study was designed to investigate whether withdrawal of lead exposure results in a resolution of toxic effects of lead in cardiac tissues. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed orally to lead acetate (PbA) at doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ml for 6-week duration, after which one-half was sacrificed and the remaining left for a further 6 weeks without lead treatment. Exposure of rats to PbA produced significant decline (P < 0.05) in the activities of antioxidant parameters, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH), whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly elevated. Animals from the withdrawal period exhibited a similar pattern of alterations, with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in GSH, GPx, and SOD and a significant elevation in MDA and H2O2 concentrations. However, GST activity was elevated, whereas CAT activity remained unaltered in the withdrawal period. The results of this study showed that cardiotoxicity indicated by induction of oxidative stress and reduction in antioxidant parameters failed to resolve upon withdrawal of lead exposure in male rats during the period of study.Item Influence of atropine and loperamide on reduced intestinal transit induced by calotropis procera latex in rats(Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2006-05) Eghianruwa, K. I.; Ogunleye, O. A.; Saba, A. B.; Famakinde, S. A.; Ola-Davies, E. O.; Abu, H. H.The effects of Calotropis procera latex alone and in the presence of loperamide and atropine on intestinal transit in rats were determined to elucidate the action of C. procera on intestinal transit. Six groups of rats containing ten rats per group were used. Each rat in the control group (I) received 0.5 ml of normal saline. Each rat in groups II, III, and IV received 0.25 ml/100 g, 0.5 ml/100g and 1.0 ml/100g of C. procera latex respectively. Thirty minutes before the administration of 0.25 ml of latex of C. procera, each rat in groups V and VI received 0.4 mg/100g atropine sulfate and 0.1 mg/100g loperamide hydrochloride respectively. Intestinal transit was measured in all animals by charcoal meal test and was expressed as the percentage of the distance traveled relative to the entire length of the intestine from the pyloric junction to the anal orifice. The mean transit point of the dye in the control group was 85.19 ± 8.51%. For Calotropis procera treated rats, the mean transit points were 68.47 ± 6.37%, 54.49 ± 6.67% and 25.06 ± 4.79% for 0.25 ml/100g, 0.5 ml/100g and 1.0 ml/100g of the latex respectively. The mean transit points in the groups pretreated with 0.4 mg/100 g atropine (Group V) and 0.1 mg/100 g loperamide (Group VI) were 55.29 ± 5.09% and 66.87 ± 6.20% respectively. The results showed that the latex of Calotropis procera inhibited intestinal motility and its action was potentiated by atropine and loperamide. This inhibitory action is contradictory to the observation of diarrhea in fed animals.Item Prevalence of Eimeria oocysts in West African dwarf goat at the University of Ibadan farm(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2002) Ola-Davies, O. E.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Saba, A. B.; Ajala, O. O.An outbreak of acute coccidiosis is reported in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats kept under semi- intensive management system at the University of Ibadan farm. During the period of the outbreak, clinical signs observed among the animal included anorexia, fever, coughing, ocular and nasal discharges and diarrhoea. Sixty nine out of eighty-five (85%) animals were scouring, 6 out of 20 (30%) pregnant does aborted, 8 out of 80 (10%) died through severe infection. Average oocyst counts was 2.73 x 10(5)/gram faeces in kids and 0.9 x 10(3)/gram faeces in adult goats. Eimeria species predominant in goats and percentage occurrence were E. arloingi (77.5%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (62.89%), E. hirci (58.6%). E. alijevi (39.5%). Areas of glandular degeneration and necrosis of epithelium of the small intenstine were seen. Also coccidia schizonts, immature oocysts, and neutrophilic infiltrations can be seen in the intestinal mucosa. The presence of pathogenic species of the Eimeria in WAD goats suggest that coccidiosis may be contributing to the enteric syndromes, poor feed conversion and low productivity.Item The effect of aqueous leaf extract of telfaria occidentalis on isolated guinea pig ileum(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2001-01) Dina, O. A.; Saba, A. B.; Akhiromen, I. O.; Adedapo, A. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.The effect of aqueous extract of Telfaria occidentalis was studied in vitro on the guinea pig ileum. The extract elicited a dose dependent contractions of the ileum. These responses were blocked by 5 x 10 M mepyramine and 5 x 10-M.atropine, suggesting that it has both histominergic and cholinergic properties. The usefulness of the plant as potent naturally available purgative is presented in this study.