Scholarly works in Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry & Pharmacology
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Item Phytochemical, analgesic, in-Vitro anti-oxidant and GC-MS analysis of Vernonia amygdalina leaves(Biomedical Communications Group, 2018) Adeoye, A. T.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Adedapo, A. D. A.; Ayodele, E. A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Adedapo, A. A.The powdered leaf of Vernonia amygdalina was subjected to phytochemical screening, and in vitro antioxidant studies. The volatile oil of the leaves of the plant was also screened to determine the constituents. Analgesic tests using acetic acid induced writhing and paw licking (formalin) test in mice were also carried out. The in vitro antioxidant assay used include FRAP, ABTS, DPPH, and NO assay and then compared these with standards (Vitamin E and Rutin). Results showed the presence of saponins and tannins strongly, while alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones and terpenoids were present in little quantities. On the other hand however, cardiac glycosides were absent in the plant. In the FRAP assay method, the absorbance of Vernonia amygdalina was found to be dose dependent with the maximum absorbance of 0.641nm at 0.5mg/ml which was significantly higher than that of rutin (0.56nm) and lower than that of Vitamin E (0.77nm). The ABTS radical scavenging activity of Vernonia amygdalina showed a dose dependent increase in the inhibition of the ABTS radical scavenging activity (91.93, 95.42, 99.24, 99.34 and 99.53% at 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5mg/ml respectively). This was comparable to that of rutin. The extract and the reference antioxidant (Rutin and Vitamin E) promoted an inhibition of DPPH radical at all concentrations tested in this study. Vernonia amygdalina showed a relatively stable effect in inhibiting the DPPH radical at all doses tested reaching 74.76%, 69.11% and 86.90% for Vernonia amygdalina, Vitamin E and Rutin respectively at the highest concentration. Vernonia amygdalina showed a dose dependent increase in the inhibition of the nitric oxide radical. The major compounds obtained from the GC-MS analysis of the essential of Vernonia amygdalina in this study were caryophyllene oxide (23.48%), phytol (22.92%), 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl (12.98%), hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (12.24%), Oxirane, heptadecyl (12.11%), benzaldehyde (4.97%), benzeneacetaldehyde (5.83%), and trans-beta-ionone (5.47%). The methanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in a manner comparable with the standard drug used in this study. The paw licking (formalin) test produces a distinct biphasic response to pain stimulus and the extract caused a dose dependent decrease in the inhibition of pain in both phases of the formalin paw lick test.Item Phytochemical, acute toxicity, analgesic, in vitro antioxidant studies and GC-MS investigation of Essential Oil of the Methanol Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia(Sciencedomain International, 2017) Ofuegbe, S. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Yakubu, M. A.; Adedapo, A. A.Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which play an important role in the healing of various diseases. They are the best sources for chemical ingredients, antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for cure of different diseases. Most medicinal plants possess pharmacological activities (anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal etc.) due to the presence of these phytochemicals in them. In this study, we intend to conduct qualitative phytochemical screening and to quantitatively evaluate the total phenol, flavonols, tannins, proanthocyanidins and flavonoids contents of the plant, Mormodica charantia. The acute toxicity studies of the methanol leaf extract of M. charantia on mice was conducted to evaluate how safe the plant is in relation to dosage, and this is intended to establish the safety of the plant in mice with reference to OECD guidelines. Furthermore, the analgesic activity of the methanol leaf extract of M. charantia and the free radical scavenging activities of the plant in vitro were demonstrated using various standard procedures. We also intend to profile the major compounds present in the essential oil of the plant understudied using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Summarily, this study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, acute toxicity, analgesic, in vitro antioxidant, as well as the chemical constituents in the essential oil of the methanol leaf extract of M. charantia.Item Phytochemical, acute toxicity, analgesic, in vitro antioxidant studies and GC-MS investigation of Essential Oil of the Methanol Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia(Sciencedomain International, 2017) Ofuegbe, S. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Yakubu, M. A.; Adedapo, A. A.Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which play an important role in the healing of various diseases. They are the best sources for chemical ingredients, antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for cure of different diseases. Most medicinal plants possess pharmacological activities (anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal etc.) due to the presence of these phytochemicals in them. In this study, we intend to conduct qualitative phytochemical screening and to quantitatively evaluate the total phenol, flavonols, tannins, proanthocyanidins and flavonoids contents of the plant, Mormodica charantia. The acute toxicity studies of the methanol leaf extract of M. charantia on mice was conducted to evaluate how safe the plant is in relation to dosage, and this is intended to establish the safety of the plant in mice with reference to OECD guidelines. Furthermore, the analgesic activity of the methanol leaf extract of M. charantia and the free radical scavenging activities of the plant in vitro were demonstrated using various standard procedures. We also intend to profile the major compounds present in the essential oil of the plant understudied using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Summarily, this study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, acute toxicity, analgesic, in vitro antioxidant, as well as the chemical constituents in the essential oil of the methanol leaf extract of M. charantia.Item Ameliorative effect of gallic acid on doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats(De Gruyter, 2017) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Folasire, A. F.; Ajibade, T. O.; Asentiga, E. R.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Oyetola, O.; James, G.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.Background: The use of doxorubicin (DOX) as an antineoplastic agent has been greatly limited because of the myriad of toxic sequelae associated with it. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of gallic acid (GA) on DOX-induced cardiac toxicity in rats. Methods: Sixty male rats (Wistar strain) were used in this study. They were divided into six groups (A–F) each containing 10 animals. Group A was the control. Rats in Groups B, C, and D were treated with DOX at the dosage of 15 mg/kg body weight i.p. Prior to this treatment, rats in Groups C and D had been treated orally with GA for 7 days at the dosage of 60 and 120 mg/kg, respectively. Animals from Groups E and F received only 60 and 120 mg/kg GA, respectively, which were administered orally for 7 days. Results: The exposure of rats to DOX led to a significant (p 0.05) decrease in the cardiac antioxidant defence system and elevation of creatine kinase myocardial band and lactate dehydrogenase. The electrocardiography results showed a significant decrease in heart rate, QRS, and QT-segment prolongation. GA alone improved the antioxidant defence system. Conclusions: The GA pretreatment significantly alleviated GA-associated ECG abnormalities, restored the antioxidant status and prevented cardiac damage.Item Ameliorative effect of gallic acid in doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in wistar rats through antioxidant defense system(Taylor & Francis, 2017-07) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Ajufo, U. E.; Adejumobi, A. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.Hepatotoxicity has been found to be one of the main side effects associated with doxorubicin (Dox) administration in cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to examine the ameliorative effect of gallic acid (GA) in Dox-induced hepatotoxicity. Sixty male Wistar rats of 10 rats per group were used in this study and were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (A–F). Rats in Group A served as the control group and received distilled water orally for 7 days; Group B was given Dox at 15 mg/kg bodyweight intraperitoneally (IP) on Day 8. Group Cwas given GA at 60 mg/kg body weight orally for 7 days + Dox at 15 mg/kg IP on Day 8. Group D was given GA at 120 mg/kg body weight orally for 7 days +Dox at 15 mg/kg IP on day 8. Rats in Groups E and F were administered GA alone at 60 and 120 mg/kg bodyweight orally for 7 days, respectively. Dox administration led to a significant reduction in hepatic reduced glutathione and nonprotein thiol (NPT) together with significant increase in hepatic malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide generation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity; hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activity were significantly inhibited in Dox-treated rats. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin concentrations were significantly elevated following Dox administration. Pretreatment with GA ameliorated Dox-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. The results suggest that GA may offer protection against hepatic damage in Dox cancer chemotherapy.