Scholarly works in Psychiatry
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Item The gateway hypothesis of substance abuse: an examination of its applicability in Nigeria general population(Informa Healthcare USA, Inc., 2010) Makanjuola, V. A.; Oladeji, B. D.; Gureje, O.The study aims to estimate the prevalence and predictors of not following the gateway theory. Respondents were selected from a multistage stratified clustered sampling of households in five of Nigeria’s six geopolitical regions. Interviews were conducted between February 2002 and May 2003 using the CIDI-version.3 with a total sample size (N) of 2,143. Cumulative incidence proportions of not following a gateway pattern were estimated with SUDAAN. Predictors of this were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. The deviation from the normative sequence of drug use occurs albeit infrequently. The public health implications of this are discussed as well as the limitations of the findings.Item Family related adverse childhood experiences as risk factors for psychiatric disorders in Nigeria(Cambridge University Press, 2010) Oladeji, B. D.; Makanjuola, V. A.; Gureje, O."Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with a variety of mental health problems in adult life. Aims To examine whether this reported link between childhood experiences and mental health disorders in adult life applies in a Sub-Saharan African setting where cultural and family attributes may be different. Method A multistage random sampling was used in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHW) to select respondents for face-to-face interviews. Assessments of family-related adverse childhood experiences and lifetime mental health disorders were conducted with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Results Almost half of the respondents had experienced an adverse childhood experience within the context of the family before they were 16 years of age. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental health disorders were few and were attenuated when clustering of adverse childhood experience and disorder comorbidities were accounted for. There was an elevated likelihood of adult substance use disorders among individuals who had experienced family violence and neglect or abuse. Parental psychopathology was associated with a significantly increased risk for developing mood disorders. Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences reflecting violence in the family, parental criminality and parental mental illness and substance misuse were more likely to have significant mental health consequences in adulthood"Item The gateway hypothesis of substance abuse: an examination of its applicability in Nigeria general population(Informa Healthcare USA, Inc., 2010) Makanjuola, V. A.; Oladeji, B. D.; Gureje, O.The study aims to estimate the prevalence and predictors of not following the gateway theory. Respondents were selected from a multistage stratified clustered sampling of households in five of Nigeria’s six geopolitical regions. Interviews were conducted between February 2002 and May 2003 using the CIDI-version.3 with a total sample size (N) of 2,143. Cumulative incidence proportions of not following a gateway pattern were estimated with SUDAAN. Predictors of this were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. The deviation from the normative sequence of drug use occurs albeit infrequently. The public health implications of this are discussed as well as the limitations of the findings.Item Optimal mental health for achieving health security in Nigeria: a strategic blueprint(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2019) Ojagbemi, A. A.; Abdulmalik, J. O.; Lasebikan, V. O.; Oladeji, B. D.; Makanjuola, V. A.; Esan, O. B.; Bella - Awusah, T. T.; Adeniyi, Y. P.; Gureje, O.; Omigbodun, O.O.Objectives: Optimal mental health refers to ‘a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make contributions to his or her own community’. As such, the catchphrase ‘No health without mental health’ is not just a slogan but an acknowledgement of the importance of mental health in the drive to improve overall wellbeing and productive participation in community and economic activities. Methods: We combined an overview of current literature with opinions of key experts from different sub specialties of mental health practice and present an analysis of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) to optimal mental health as a strategy to attaining health security in Nigeria by 2050. We also offered recommendations for feasible strategies to optimize mental health. Results: There is poor mental health coverage in Nigeria, with over 80% of persons coping with mental health problems remaining untreated in their lifetime. Also, only about 3% of the National health budget is allocated to mental health and this is mostly focused on large psychiatric institutions to the exclusion of primary health care (PHC) services. Conclusions: In recognition of the critical role of optimal mental health to global development, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has mental health firmly covered in its third goal, ‘Health and Well-being’. The SDGs further envision a better world in which, in tandem with the WHO definition of health, “physical, mental and social wellbeing are assured”. Thus, the identification and implementation of strategies to promote optimal mental health for all Nigerians is vital for ensuring health security and national development.