Scholarly works in Community Medicine
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ibadanedu.com/handle/123456789/12282
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Item Attitude towards ageing and perceived health status of community-dwelling older persons in a low resource setting: a rural-urban comparison(BioMed Centra, 2021) Cadmus, E. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Owoaje, E. T.Background: Older person’s attitude to ageing is critical for their adjustment, acceptance of health-related behaviour, survival and choices. Their attitude influences how they cope with the challenges experienced while ageing, which affects their quality of life and health-related outcomes. Despite the increasing number of older persons in sub-Saharan Africa, there is limited information about their experience. This study examines the experience and attitude of older persons in Nigeria regarding the ageing process. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among older persons aged 60 years and above was carried out in a selected rural and an urban community in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria. The study participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Trained research assistants collected data with the aid of an interviewer administered, semi-structured questionnaire. The Attitude to Ageing Questionnaire (AAQ) was used to measure participants’ perception of ageing in three domains (psychosocial loss, physical changes and psychological growth). Data were analysed using Stata version 14 at a level of significance p < 0.05. Results: A total of 1,180 participants (588 rural vs. 592 urban) were recruited for the study. The mean age was 73.2 ± 9.3 years. The majority (69.7 %) were females and still working (50.5 %). Overall, urban-dwelling participants had a better attitude to the ageing process in all the domains compared with rural-dwelling participants (psychological growth 32.5 ± 3.4 vs. 32.4 ± 3.3, p = 0.30; physical change 27.5 ± 5.1 vs. 26.9 ± 5.0, p = 0.03; and psychosocial loss 25.3 ± 5.7 vs. 25.0 ± 5.3, p = 0.60). Among the rural and urban-dwelling participants, good self-rated health was significantly associated with a positive attitude to ageing across the domains. Conclusions: Older persons residing in urban communities had higher positivity to ageing than their rural older counterparts. The common factor significantly associated with a positive attitude to ageing in both groups was good self-rated health. This information can be used for the planning of targeted interventions and informing policy formation for improved provisions for community-dwelling older persons in Nigeria and other sub-Saharan African countries.Item Acceptability of Child Adoption and adoption services among civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria(Pan African Medical Journal (PAMJ), 2020) Nwachukwu, C. C.; Cadmus, E. O.; Nwachukwu, A. C.; Adebayo, A. M.; Owoaje, E. T.Child adoption provides an opportunity for children to have new families and for parents to have children. Its acceptance by the society, however, may affect people’s decision to adopt. This study was conducted to determine the attitude and acceptability of child adoption and adoption services among 403 civil servants in Oyo State Secretariat, Ibadan in February and May, 2008.Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Likert scale of score range 1-5 was used to measure respondents’ attitudes. Each positive attitude answer was given a score of 5, while each negative attitude answer had a score of 1. Total scores were computed for each respondent. Attitudinal scores within the range of 16-50 and 51-80 were considered negative and positive respectively. The mean age of respondents was 40.2 ± 9.7 years. Sixty five percent had tertiary education. Overall, 45.9% had positive attitude to adoption. A higher proportion of respondents who had tertiary education (56.3%) were supportive of adoption compared to the others. About 65.0% would support or encourage a relation to adopt a child while 68.5% would recommend adoption to a childless couple. Males, (57.2%), were more willing to support a relation who would like to adopt compared with females, (65.6%). The main reason for non-support of adoption by 32.4% of respondents was that they believed that the childless couples would have their biological children. Efforts should be made to improve the acceptability of adoption.Item A descriptive study of the morbidity pattern of older persons presenting at a geriatric centre in southwestern Nigeria.(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Publications, 2017) Cadmus, E. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Olowookere, O. O.; Oluwatosin, O. G.; Owoaje, E. T.; Alonge, T. O.Context: Rapid population ageing is a demographic reality in most countries of the world. Old age is associated with changes which may culminate in health problems, necessitating provision of appropriate preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services. However, reports from many low- and middle-income countries have shown lack of preparedness to cater for the healthcare needs of older persons. Aim: This study described the morbidity profile and its determinants among persons aged 60 years and above who presented at an established geriatric centre in southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from electronic health records of 4886 patients aged ≥60 years who visited the facility between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2014. Data were analyzed using Stata version 13 (Texas, USA). Frequency distributions were used for descriptive analysis, and chi-square test was used to test associations. Results: More than a half, 2919 (59.7%), of the respondents were females and almost three quarters 3501 (71.7%) were aged between 60 and 74 years. Mean number of morbidities was 1.81 ± 0.9, and less than half, 1097 (42.0%), presented with only one morbidity, most commonly, hypertension. There were significant age-related differences for musculoskeletal (P = 0.001), endocrine (P = 0.01), and psychological problems (P = 0.01). In addition, gender differences were observed as a significantly higher proportion of females presented with general symptoms (P = 0.02) and musculoskeletal problems (P = 0.0001) than men. Conclusion: The most common presenting morbidities at this geriatric health centre were mostly no communicable diseases. Information obtained will be useful in the design of similar facilities in other parts of the country and region at large.Item A review of the health problems of the internally displaced persons in Africa.(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016) Owoaje, E. T.; Uchendu, O. C.; Ajayi, T. O.; Cadmus, E. O.Globally, over 40 million people were displaced as a result of wars and violence due to religious and ethnic conflicts in 2015 while 19.2 million were displaced by natural disasters such as famine and floods. In Africa, 12 million people were displaced by armed conflict and violence and there were hundreds of thousands of people displaced by natural disasters. Despite these large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sub‑Saharan African countries and the potentially negative impact of displacement on the health of these populations, there is limited information on the health problems of IDPs in the region. The previous studies have mainly focused on the health problems of refugees and single disease entities among IDPs. However, a more comprehensive picture is required to inform the provision of adequate healthcare services for this vulnerable population. The objective of this review was to fill this knowledge gap. Bibliographic databases were searched and screened, and nine studies were selected and reviewed. The major physical health problems and symptoms were fever/malaria (85% in children and 48% in adults), malnutrition in children (stunting 52% and wasting 6%), malnutrition in adult males (24%), diarrhoea (62% in children and 22% in adults) and acute respiratory infections (45%). The prevalent mental health problems were post‑traumatic stress disorder (range: 42%–54%) and depression (31%–67%). Most of the studies reviewed focused on mental health problems. Limited evidence suggests that IDPs experience various health problems but more research is required to inform the provision of adequate and comprehensive healthcare services for this group of individualsItem An urban-rural comparison of the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with elder abuse in Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria.(MJ & M Biolabs, 2014) Cadmus, E. O.; Owoaje, E. T.Background; The social restructuring of families due to modernization and urbanization has led to a decrease in the available primary care givers for the elderly and places them in a position of risk of abuse. Elder abuse has hitherto been uncharacterized in Nigeria. This study compares the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with elder abuse in a rural and an urban community in Oyo State, south western Nigeria. Methods: A comparative cross sectional survey of the elderly (aged 60 years and above) was conducted in selected rural (Iwajowa) and urban (Ibadan South-East) Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria in 2010. Data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire and were analysed using Stata version 12. Results: Overall prevalence of abuse was 29.1%. Emotional abuse (15.8%) was the most frequent followed by financial abuse (14.3%) and physical abuse (9.0%). Only 2 (0.6%) respondents in the urban area reported sexual abuse. The urban and rural prevalence of abuse were: emotional abuse 23.7% versus 8.0%; physical abuse 14.5% versus 3.6% and financial abuse 20.9% versus 7.7% respectively. Although there were differences based on location, for the total population, predictors of elder abuse were, urban dwelling, being unmarried, and financially dependence. Conclus ion : This study has revealed that elder abuse is not uncommon in these communities. All forms of elder abuse are quite prevalent except sexual abuse. Financial insufficiency and dependence on family members for care are contributory factors. Appropriate social and welfare interventions are required to ameliorate the problem.Item In their own words: mental health and quality of life of West African refugees in Nigeria.(Springer, 2014) Akinyemi, O. O.; Owoaje, E. T.; Cadmus, E. O.Refugees are exposed to extreme stressors and are therefore at risk of mental health and social problems. Other issues refugees have to cope with include the loss of their country, culture, language, profession, family, friends, and future plans. Much of the studies that have been done on refugee mental health have not attempted to explain what these experiences mean to these individuals. Thus, this study provides explorative data on the mental health and quality of life of West African refugees living in Nigeria in order to understand their views and perspectives. This study carried out in 2010 employed qualitative methods; a total of four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among adult male and female refugees purposively selected at the Oru Refugee Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria. Respondents described quality of life as a major determinant of mental health status. Most of the participants believed that women were more predisposed to mental ill health due to their sensitive emotional make-up. Factors identified by respondents as affecting mental health and quality of life among refugees included poverty, unemployment, physical health, housing and environment, discrimination, stigmatization, and insecurity. Refugees rated their mental health and quality of life as poor due to the aforementioned factors. Recommendations were made to the international community, national and local governments to invest more on education, provision of vocational and entrepreneurial skills as well as adequate housing in order to improve the mental health and quality of life of refugees.Item Knowledge about complications and practice of abortion among female undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.(The Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria., 2011) Cadmus, E. O.; Owoaje, E. T.Background: Unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortion pose major health risks to women in the reproductive age group. Female undergraduates are particularly exposed to these risks. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge about complications and practice of abortion among female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using structured, self-administered questionnaires, to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, knowledge about various complications of abortion and practice of abortion. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 14. Results: A total of 425 students were interviewed, mean age of the undergraduates was 21.5± 2.8 years. Overall, 122 (29%) of the respondents had ever had sexual intercourse. Twenty five percent of those who were sexually active had ever been pregnant and 90% had terminated the pregnancy. The most common reason given for termination was that pregnancy was unplanned for. Most of the respondents 354 (83.3%) had a good knowledge about complications of abortion and mean knowledge score was 4.01±1.58 (range 0-5). Conclusion: This group of students were aware of the risks associated with unsafe abortion; however, the abortion rate was still high. Sexual reproductive health interventions are needed on campus in order to equip female undergraduates with comprehensive knowledge and skills to reduce the likelihood of unplanned pregnancies.Item Patterns of contraceptive use among female undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria(Internet Scientific Publications (ISPUB)., 2010) Cadmus, E. O.; Owoaje, E. T.This study was conducted to determine pattern of contraceptives use among female undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted among female undergraduates resident on campus using self-administered questionnaires Overall, 425 female undergraduates between the ages of 15 and 30 years were interviewed. Only 28.7% of the respondents were sexually active and mean age at sexual debut was 19 years ±2.31 years. About 63.9% of the sexually active respondents had ever used some form of contraceptives mainly the condom and pills. Only (26.7%) of the sexually active respondents used a contraceptive at their last sexual encounter and contraceptive use was significantly higher (p<.05) among the older females’ contraceptive use among the sexually active female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan was not optimal although knowledge of various methods was high. Appropriate interventions are needed to encourage contraceptive use among sexually active female undergraduateItem Effect of training on knowledge and attitude to standard precaution among workers exposed to body fluids in a tertiary institution in south-west Nigeria(Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria., 2020) Uchendu, O. C.; Desmenu, A. P.; Owoaje, E. T.Introduction: Standard precaution in the workplace reduces the risk of occupational hazards among workers exposed to body fluids of humans and animals. Training on standard precaution has been recommended as a strategy to improve knowledge, attitude and compliance to these guidelines. This study therefore determine the effect of training on knowledge and attitude to standard precaution among workers exposed to body fluids of humans and animals in the University of Ibadan, South-west, Nigeria. Methods: This was an interventional study among workers exposed to body fluids of humans and animals. A total survey of all faculties where staff and student come in contact with human and animal body fluid was done. Selected staff were trained for two days on standard precaution. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain infor mation on socio-demographic information, knowledge and perception of staff on standard precaution. The maximum obtainable knowledge and attitude scores were 27 and 6 points respectively. The mean knowledge and attitude score were determined at pre- test and post-test. Frequency, proportion, mean and standard deviation were used for summary statistics and an independent t-test was performed to test for association. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: A total of 136 and 123 responses were obtained at pre-test and post- test respectively. A little over half of the respondents were females (51.5%) and below 40 years (54.4%). The mean knowledge score among the workers increased from 22.59 ± 3.4 at pre-test to 22.83 ± 3.2 at post-test, but it was not statistically significant. However, the mean post-test attitude score (5.10 ± 1.4) was significantly different from the pre-test attitude score (4.49 ± 1.5). Conclusion: Training improved the knowledge and attitude of workers exposed to body fluids of humans and animals working in the University of Ibadan on standard precaution. Periodic training on standard precaution is therefore recommended to sustain a proper attitude to standard precaution guidelines.Item Awareness and utilization of female condoms among street youths in Ibadan, an urban setting in South-West Nigeria(African Field Epidemiology Network, 2019) Uchendu, O. C.; Adeyera, O.; Owoaje, E. T.Introduction: female condom awareness and use have been poorly documented in sub-Saharan region especially among street youths. This study assessed its awareness and use among street youths. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted among 964 youths between ages 15 to 24 years old using questionnaires to elicit information. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted at 5% level of significance. Results: more than half (69.9%) were males and between 20-25 years of age (61.2%). More than three-quarter (81.0%) had initiated sexual activity. Almost half (47.9%) of the respondents have heard about female condoms however only 16.8% have ever seen while 4.3% have actually ever used a female condom. Age, education, current sexual activity and experience of rape attempt were predictors of female condom awareness. Conclusion: awareness of female condom was a significant predictor of utilization of female condoms. There is therefore a need for proper awareness and education on the effectiveness of female condoms.