Scholarly works in Community Medicine

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.ibadanedu.com/handle/123456789/12282

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Start date: 2010End date: 2019

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    Knowledge of Child adoption services in civil servants in Ibadan, Nigeria.
    (Jana Publication and Research LLP, 2019) Nwachukwu, C. C.; Cadmus, E. O.; Owoaje, E.T.
    Adoption provides an alternative for childless couples to have their own children, but the knowledge of this option and its services affects people’s choice. This study assessed the awareness and depth of knowledge of adoption among 403 civil servants working in the Oyo State Secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between February and May, 2008. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of child adoption, laws and services. Each correct knowledge question had a score of 1 and each wrong knowledge question had a score of 0. Total scores were computed for each respondent. Knowledge scores which ranged from 0-5 and from 6-13 were considered low and high, respectively. Descriptive and Chisquare statistics were used for data analysis.Mean age of respondents was 40.2 ± 9.7 years. Sixty five percent had tertiary education, 77.4% were married, and 53.3% were senior civil servants. Majority (91.8%) had heard about child adoption; of these 65.1% could correctly state its meaning. Sixty three percent were aware of adoption services; of these, 33.0% knew where adoption services were provided and 47.3% were aware of adoption laws. Also (41.1%) knew someone that had adopted a child. Overall, 16.9% had high knowledge scores. Respondents who had tertiary education were more knowledgeable about adoption than others (p< 0.05). Majority of respondents were aware of child adoption services but knowledge of the details was low. Efforts should be made to enlighten the public about adoption.
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    Frailty and mortality among older patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.
    (Ghana Medical Association (Accra, Ghana), 2019) Adebusoye, L. A.; Cadmus, E.O.; Owolabi, M.O.; Ogunniyi, A.
    Background: This study determined the frailty status and its association with mortality among older patients. Design: A prospective cohort design. Setting: Study was conducted at the medical wards of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants and study tools: Four hundred and fifty older patients (>60 years) were followed up from the day of admission to death or discharge. Information obtained includes socio demographic characteristics and clinical frailty was assessed using the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) scale. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21 at a p <0.05. Results: Overall, frailty was identified in 285 (63.3%) respondents. Mortality was significantly higher among frail respondents (25.3%) than non-frail respondents (15.4%) p=0.028. Logistic regression analysis showed factors associated with frailty were: male sex (OR=1.946 [1.005–3.774], p=0.048), non-engagement in occupational activities (OR=2.642 [1.394–5.008], p=0.003), multiple morbidities (OR=4.411 [1.944–10.006], p<0.0001), functional disability (OR=2.114 [1.029–4.343), p=0.042], malnutrition (OR=9.258 [1.029–83.301], p=0.047) and being underweight (OR=7.462 [1.499–37.037], p=0.014). Conclusion: The prevalence of frailty among medical in-hospital older patients is very high and calls for its prompt identification and management to improve their survival.
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    Blueprint for health security in Nigeria by 2050: Ageing and ageing- related diseases
    (University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Akinyemi, R. O.; Cadmus, E. O.; Adeniji, O.; Ajayi, S.; Farombi, T.; Omobowale, O. C.; Olowookere, O. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Alonge, T. O.; Ogunniyi, A
    Background: Nigeria is currently populated by about 200 million people of diverse ethnic, cultural and religious inclinations. Projections estimate that the proportion and absolute number of older persons aged 60 years and above (currently about 5% of the total population) will increase to 25 million by the year 2050. Ageing of the Nigerian population has far reaching multifaceted economic, psychosocial, educational and health implications. Situation analysis: In this paper, a scenario-based analysis is presented on the likely trajectory of health security for older Nigerians by the year 2050. Ageing – associated diseases are predominantly non - communicable (NCD) and their burden is likely to increase over the next 30 years. The combined burden of NCDs and infectious diseases (malaria, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, emerging and re – emerging diseases) suggest that the demand on health services (preventive, diagnostic, curative, rehabilitative and palliative care) from older persons and the elderly will increase in tandem with the growth of this segment of the population. Conclusion: A blueprint for achieving healthy ageing for older persons by the year 2050 is presented. This encompasses set targets, strategic plans and a monitoring and evaluation scheme. Improved funding and coverage of the National Health Insurance Scheme, better pensions and retirement benefit coverage, other social schemes and policy interventions and rigorous implementation schemes are all required for achieving health security by the year 2050 with respect to ageing and ageing – related disorders.
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    Older persons’ perceptions about advanced directives and end of life issues in a geriatric care setting in southwestern Nigeria
    (Pan African Medical Journal (PAMJ), 2019) Cadmus, E. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Olowookere, O. O.; Olusegun, A. T.; Oyinlola, O.; Adeleke, R. O.; Alonge, T.O.
    Introduction: advanced directives enable the planning of care and support services independent of the older person’s ability to make the decision. There is a paucity of information regarding the views and preferences regarding advanced directives and other end of life issues among older persons in low and middle-income countries such as Nigeria. The study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude and belief of older persons regarding decision making surrounding end of life and advance directives. Methods: data were collected through focus group discussions at a monthly social gathering of outpatients in a geriatric center in Oyo State, Nigeria. Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed manually using a thematic approach. Results: respondents’ knowledge about the end of life care and advanced directives as prescribed in high income settings were sparse and did not include choices about treatment options or any medical directives. The predominant perceptions among the participants bordered mainly on the arrangements for place of death, burial and property sharing. Participants listed in order of preference the major decision makers in the advanced directive process mainly, the oldest male child, religious leaders and legal practitioners. Conclusion: our findings imply the need for improving knowledge and awareness about the benefits of advanced directives among older persons with a focus on opportunities for their active participation
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    The effect of smokeless tobacco uses and exposure to cigarette promotions on smoking intention among youths in Ghana
    (Taylor & Francis, 2018) Cadmus, E. O.; Ayo-Yusuf, O. A
    Although controversial, smokeless tobacco use has been implicated as a gateway for smoking. Furthermore, most existing studies did not explore the potential of smokeless tobacco use as a proxy for receptivity to cigarette advertisement rather than an independent predictor of smoking. This study sought to determine the independent effect of smokeless tobacco use, as well as exposure and receptivity to cigarette advertisements on smoking intention among Ghanaian youths. Secondary data obtained from Ghanaian adolescents who participated in the Global Youth Tobacco Surveys conducted during 2006 and 2009 were analyzed using Stata version 13. Data analysis was restricted to current non-smokers and included descriptive and inferential statistics. Intention to smoke for both survey years was associated with: smokeless tobacco use, (OR = 3.74: 95% CI = 2.63–5.32), limited exposure to anti-smoking media messages, (OR = 1.70: 95% CI = 1.09–2.65), being offered cigarettes by tobacco representatives (OR = 2.19: 95% CI = 1.42–3.37) and reporting having both parents (OR = 4.42; 95% CI = 1.84–10.59) or a lot of friends (OR = 3.03: 95% CI = 1.87–4.89) who were smokers. Smokeless tobacco use and exposure to tobacco industry’s promotional activities independently influenced smoking intentions among youths in Ghana. Therefore, complete ban of all forms of tobacco products promotional activities needs to be intensified.
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    Child Passenger Safety, Child Car Restraint, Child Car Seat, Mobile Health Intervention
    (Society for Public Health Professionals of Nigeria (SPHPN)., 2017) Olumide, A.O.; Adebayo, E.S.; Cadmus, E.O.; Folajimi, Y.; Amodu, O.K.; Balogun, F.M.
    Background: Child car-passenger safety practices remain low in Nigeria. Findings from the formative phase of a project to deliver an m-health intervention on child-passenger safety to mothers/caregivers attending selected child-immunization clinics in Ibadan are presented in this paper. The aim of this study was to describe stakeholders’ awareness of child passenger safety measures; to determine the cost of child car seats and acceptability of interventions to improve child-passenger safety practices. Methods: Twenty-four key-informant interviews with traffic enforcement officers (four), physicians (five), and mothers of children (fifteen) ;and a market survey was conducted. Results: Physicians and traffic law enforcement officers were more knowledgeable about child passenger safety measures compared to mothers. Cost of infant seats ranged from N6, 000.00 - N36, 000.00 (USD27.9 - USD 167.67) and toddler seats, N6, 000.00 - N81, 000.00 (USD27.95 - USD377.27). Acceptance of a mobile-phone intervention and its accompanying law enforcement was very high. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an intervention to improve child-passenger safety practices using mobile technology is acceptable to stakeholders in the study area. The intervention should address caregivers’ misconceptions about current child passenger safety measures as this could further enhance compliance with these safety measures.
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    A descriptive study of the morbidity pattern of older persons presenting at a geriatric centre in southwestern Nigeria.
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Publications, 2017) Cadmus, E. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Olowookere, O. O.; Oluwatosin, O. G.; Owoaje, E. T.; Alonge, T. O.
    Context: Rapid population ageing is a demographic reality in most countries of the world. Old age is associated with changes which may culminate in health problems, necessitating provision of appropriate preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services. However, reports from many low- and middle-income countries have shown lack of preparedness to cater for the healthcare needs of older persons. Aim: This study described the morbidity profile and its determinants among persons aged 60 years and above who presented at an established geriatric centre in southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from electronic health records of 4886 patients aged ≥60 years who visited the facility between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2014. Data were analyzed using Stata version 13 (Texas, USA). Frequency distributions were used for descriptive analysis, and chi-square test was used to test associations. Results: More than a half, 2919 (59.7%), of the respondents were females and almost three quarters 3501 (71.7%) were aged between 60 and 74 years. Mean number of morbidities was 1.81 ± 0.9, and less than half, 1097 (42.0%), presented with only one morbidity, most commonly, hypertension. There were significant age-related differences for musculoskeletal (P = 0.001), endocrine (P = 0.01), and psychological problems (P = 0.01). In addition, gender differences were observed as a significantly higher proportion of females presented with general symptoms (P = 0.02) and musculoskeletal problems (P = 0.0001) than men. Conclusion: The most common presenting morbidities at this geriatric health centre were mostly no communicable diseases. Information obtained will be useful in the design of similar facilities in other parts of the country and region at large.
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    Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in slaughtered cattle and barriers to better protection of abattoir workers in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria.
    (Pan African Medical Journal (PAMJ), 2017) Ayoola, M.C.; Akinseye, V.O.; Perrett, L.; Taylor, A.; Stack, J.; Moriyon, I.; Cadmus, S.I.B.
    Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis of public health importance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis among slaughtered cattle as well as challenges to the protection of abattoir workers in Nigeria. Methods: A slaughterhouse study was conducted in a major abattoir in Ibadan from March to August, 2013. To diagnose brucellosis, serum samples from 1,241 slaughtered cattle were tested using Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA); again, 57 milk samples were tested with milk ring test (MRT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA). Furthermore, a survey on the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and challenges to its use by abattoir workers was done. Data were analysed using Stata 12. Results: Seroprevalence by RBT was 7.8%; 77.3% (75/97) of these were corroborated by cELISA. Prevalence in milk samples by MRT and indirect ELISA were 33.3% and 3.5%, respectively. Sex (OR: 2.5; 95%CI:1.3-4.5) was the factor significantly associated with Brucella seropositivity. None of the abattoir workers used standard protective overalls; while, 99.6% of the meat handlers and 84.1% of the butchers worked barefoot. Most of the workers (75.7%) wore no protective gloves. The respondents agreed that provision of free PPE and sanctions against non-users would encourage its use. Conclusion: Our findings indicate moderate prevalence (7.8%) of bovine brucellosis with sex of cattle being a risk factor. A notable barrier to better protection of abattoir workers against brucellosis is perceived inconvenience arising from use of gloves. Therefore, preventive and control measures against brucellosis must include education and use of PPE among abattoir workers.
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    A review of the health problems of the internally displaced persons in Africa.
    (Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016) Owoaje, E. T.; Uchendu, O. C.; Ajayi, T. O.; Cadmus, E. O.
    Globally, over 40 million people were displaced as a result of wars and violence due to religious and ethnic conflicts in 2015 while 19.2 million were displaced by natural disasters such as famine and floods. In Africa, 12 million people were displaced by armed conflict and violence and there were hundreds of thousands of people displaced by natural disasters. Despite these large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sub‑Saharan African countries and the potentially negative impact of displacement on the health of these populations, there is limited information on the health problems of IDPs in the region. The previous studies have mainly focused on the health problems of refugees and single disease entities among IDPs. However, a more comprehensive picture is required to inform the provision of adequate healthcare services for this vulnerable population. The objective of this review was to fill this knowledge gap. Bibliographic databases were searched and screened, and nine studies were selected and reviewed. The major physical health problems and symptoms were fever/malaria (85% in children and 48% in adults), malnutrition in children (stunting 52% and wasting 6%), malnutrition in adult males (24%), diarrhoea (62% in children and 22% in adults) and acute respiratory infections (45%). The prevalent mental health problems were post‑traumatic stress disorder (range: 42%–54%) and depression (31%–67%). Most of the studies reviewed focused on mental health problems. Limited evidence suggests that IDPs experience various health problems but more research is required to inform the provision of adequate and comprehensive healthcare services for this group of individuals
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    Knowledge of malaria prevention among pregnant women and female caregivers of under-five children in rural southwest Nigeria.
    (PeerJ, Inc., 2015) Adebayo, A. M.; Akinyemi, O. O.; Cadmus, E. O.
    Introduction. The morbidity and mortality from malaria are still unacceptably high in the developing countries, especially among the vulnerable groups like pregnant women and under-five children, despite all control efforts. The knowledge about the preventive measures of malaria is an important preceding factor for the acceptance and use of malaria preventive measures like Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) by community members. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge of malaria prevention among caregivers of under-five children and pregnant women in a rural community in Southwest Nigeria. Methodology. This is part of a larger malaria prevention study in rural Southwest Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among pregnant women and caregivers of under-five children in Igbo-Ora, a rural town in Southwest Nigeria using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Information was obtained on knowledge of malaria prevention, and overall composite scores were computed for knowledge of malaria prevention and ITN use. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Associations between variables were tested using a Chi-square with the level of statistical significance set at 5%. Results. Of the 631 respondents, 84.9% were caregivers of under-five children and 67.7% were married. Mean age was 27.7 }6.3 years with 53.4% aged between 20 and 29 years. Majority (91.1%) had at least primary school education and 60.2% were traders. Overall, 57.7% had poor knowledge of malaria prevention. A good proportion (83.5%) were aware of the use of ITN for malaria prevention while 30.6% had poor knowledge of its use. Respondents who were younger (<30 years), had at least primary education and earn <10,000/per month had significantly poor knowledge of ITN use in malaria prevention. Majority (60.0%) respondents had poor attitude regarding use of ITNs. Conclusion. This study showed that the knowledge of malaria prevention is still low among under-five caregivers and pregnant women in rural Southwest Nigeria despite current control measures. There is a need for concerted health education intervention to improve the knowledge of rural dwellers regarding malaria prevention, including the use of ITN. This will go a long way to improving the reported low level of ownership and utilization of ITN in the rural areas.