Scholarly works in Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction

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Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of Dianthus Thunbergii Hooper and Hypoxis Argentea Harv Ex Baker: Plants used for the management of Diabetes Mellitus in Eastern Cape, South Africa
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018) Akinleye, S. A.; Afolayan, A. J.; Bradley, G. B.
Background: Inhabitants of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa use the roots of Dianthus thunbergii and corms of Hypoxis argentea to treat diabetes mellitus and other ailments. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the roots and corms of two plants. Materials and Methods: Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and alkaloids were determined by standard methods. The scavenging activities of the extracts against 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2’ azino bis (3 ethylbenthiazoline 6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and their ferric reducing antioxidant potentials (FRAPs) were measured. Results: The ethanol extract of H. argentea had the highest content of phenolics (66.71 ± 2.71 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and tannins (1.18 ± 0.07 mg TAE/g), while the ethanol extract of D. thunbergii gave higher contents of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (62.21 ± 1.75 mg Qe/g and 432.62 ± 2.43 mg Ca/g, respectively). Flavonols were the most predominant in the aqueous extract of H. argentea (25.51 ± 1.92 mg Qe/g). We observed a concentration dependent response in the ABTS and H2 O2 scavenging activities and FRAP values of the extracts and standards (Vitamin C, butylated hydroxytoluene, and rutin). The ethanol extracts of both plants generally demonstrated better antioxidant activities against H2O2 , NO, and ABTS while also possessing better reducing power than the aqueous extracts. The aqueous extract of D. thunbergii, however, showed the best DPPH scavenging activity. Conclusion: The higher content of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity obtained for the ethanol extracts of D. thunbergii and H. argentea may prove to be valuable information in selecting suitable extraction solvents for the medicinal applications of both plants.
Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of Dianthus Thunbergii Hooper and Hypoxis Argentea Harv Ex Baker: Plants used for the management of Diabetes Mellitus in Eastern Cape, South Africa
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2018) Akinleye, S. A.; Afolayan, A. J.; Bradley, G. B.
Background: Inhabitants of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa use the roots of Dianthus thunbergii and corms of Hypoxis argentea to treat diabetes mellitus and other ailments. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the roots and corms of two plants. Materials and Methods: Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and alkaloids were determined by standard methods. The scavenging activities of the extracts against 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2’ azino bis (3 ethylbenthiazoline 6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and their ferric reducing antioxidant potentials (FRAPs) were measured. Results: The ethanol extract of H. argentea had the highest content of phenolics (66.71 ± 2.71 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and tannins (1.18 ± 0.07 mg TAE/g), while the ethanol extract of D. thunbergii gave higher contents of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (62.21 ± 1.75 mg Qe/g and 432.62 ± 2.43 mg Ca/g, respectively). Flavonols were the most predominant in the aqueous extract of H. argentea (25.51 ± 1.92 mg Qe/g). We observed a concentration dependent response in the ABTS and H2 O2 scavenging activities and FRAP values of the extracts and standards (Vitamin C, butylated hydroxytoluene, and rutin). The ethanol extracts of both plants generally demonstrated better antioxidant activities against H2O2 , NO, and ABTS while also possessing better reducing power than the aqueous extracts. The aqueous extract of D. thunbergii, however, showed the best DPPH scavenging activity. Conclusion: The higher content of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity obtained for the ethanol extracts of D. thunbergii and H. argentea may prove to be valuable information in selecting suitable extraction solvents for the medicinal applications of both plants.
Terpenoid profiles of the essential oils from the underground parts of Dianthus thunbergii S.S. Hooper and Hypoxis argentea Harv ex Baker as affected by pre-distillation drying
(International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2024) Akinrinde, A. S.; Afolayan, A. J.; Bradley, G.
The roots of Dianthus thunbergii and corms of Hypoxis argentea are commonly used in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa for various medicinal purposes, although their effectiveness as fresh or dried forms is often a subject of debate. The compositions of the volatile oils from the underground parts of these plants were analyzed for the first time by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yields of the essential oil fractions from fresh and oven-dried plant parts varied from 0.42-0.72%. The terpenoid composition of D. thunbergii oils were dominated by α-pinene and β-selinene, although overall terpenoid content decreased from 77.17% in fresh roots to 47.58% in the dried roots. H. argentea corm oils were dominated by alkanes, amides and amino acids, while total terpenoid content of the oils from fresh and dried corms were 10.85% and 3.45%, respectively. Generally, pre-distillation drying of the underground parts of both plants produced significant reductions in the terpenoid composition of the volatile oils, suggesting that drying may considerably reduce their medicinal potentials.