Scholarly works in Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction
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Item Glycine exerts renal antioxidant effects and restores hemodynamic alterations in Rats treated with Diclofenac Sodium: Roles of renal Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor and Mineralocortocoid Receptor(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, 2023) Akinrinde, A. S.; Ajibade, T. O.; Adetona, M. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. D. A.; Larbie, C.; Omobowale, T. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Adedapo, A. A.; Saba, A. B.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.Diclofenac (DIC) is known to alter renal function in the form of hemodynamically-mediated acute renal failure. This study evaluated the protective role of the amino acid, glycine (Gly) on nephrotoxicity and acute hemodynamic alterations induced by DIC (9 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=7/group) including Group A (control); Group B (DIC-treated), Groups C (DIC + Gly1, 250 mg/kg) and Group D (DIC + Gly2 500 mg/kg). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in rats treated with DIC alone, compared to control. Kidneys from DIC-treated rats showed altered histology with significantly (p<0.05) increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents, but decreased glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Immunohistochemistry revealed down-regulation of renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), but increased expressions of angiotensin type II receptor (AT2R) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in DIC-treated rats. However, pre-treatment with Gly reversed most of the aforementioned effects of DIC. The present results suggest that oral glycine protected kidney tissues and restored DIC-induced hemodynamic changes by modifying renal expression of the renin-angiotensin-mineralocortocoid pathway and/or renal oxidative stress.Item The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis(Elsevier GmbH, 2023) Singla, R. K.; De, R.; Efferth, T.; Mezzetti, B.; Uddin, M. S.; Sanusi, S.; Ntie-Kang, F.; Wang, D.; Schultz, F.; Kharat, K. R.; Devkota, H. P.; Battino, M.; Sur, D.; Akinrinde, A. S.Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily on-line. The open innovation platform titled “International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce” (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week “2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event” (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event’s achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events.Item Supplementation with sesame oil suppresses genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and enterotoxicity induced by sodium arsenite in rats(BioMed Central, 2023) Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyewole, S. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.Background Sesame oil, an edible essential oil, is known to be rich in unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and lignans with several reported health-promoting benefts. Acute arsenic poisoning produces toxic hepatitis, bone marrow depression and adverse gastrointestinal responses. In this study, we investigated the protective efect of sesame seed oil (SSO) against genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and colonic toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (SA) in Wistar rats. Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups: control, SA only (2.5 mg/ kg), SA + SSO (4 ml/kg) and SSO alone for eight consecutive days. Liver function and morphology, bone marrow micronuclei induction, colonic histopathology, mucus production and immune expression of Bcl-2, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), MUC1 and cytokeratins AE1/AE3 were evaluated. Results SA provoked increased serum activities of liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspar tate aminotransferase (AST), and caused severely altered morphology of hepatic and colonic tissues with increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs/1000PCE) in the bone marrow. In addition, SA triggered increased expression of colonic CEA and MUC1 but weak Bcl-2 immunoexpression. However, cotreatment with SSO demonstrated protective activities against SA-induced damage, as indicated by signifcantly reduced serum ALT and AST, fewer micronucleated bone marrow erythrocytes and well-preserved hepatic and colonic morphologies compared to the SA-treated rats. Furthermore, SSO protected the colonic mucosa by boosting mucus production, elevating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and reducing CEA expression. GC–MS analysis of SSO revealed that it was predominated by linoleic acid, an omega-3 fatty acid, and tocopherols. Conclusions Our data indicated that SSO protected the liver, colon and bone marrow potentially via anti-infam matory and anti-apoptotic activities. The data suggest that sesame oil has potential therapeutic applications against chemical toxicities induced by arsenic.Item Infuence of zinc and gallic acid on haematological alterations, hepatic and intestinal toxicity induced by sub‑acute exposure to Dibutyl‑n‑phthalate (DBP) in Wistar rats(Springer Nature Link, 2022) Akinrinde, A. S.; Bello, A. V.; Soetan, K. O.Objective Dibutyl-n-phthalate (DBP) is utilized industrially as a plasticizer, as well as in consumer products, food processing and medical applications, but there are concerns over its safety. This study investigated the protective effect of Zinc sulphate (Zn) and Gallic acid (GA) against haematological, hepatic and intestinal alterations following sub-acute (14-day) DBP exposure in rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 150–190g were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=6). Group A (Control) received normal saline at 2 ml/kg. Group B was given DBP (500 mg/kg bw/day) by oral gavage for 14 days. Groups C and D were treated concurrently with Zn (250 mg/kg bw) and GA (120 mg/kg bw), respectively, in addition to DBP treatment. Results Administration of DBP resulted in significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum Alanine transmainase and alkaline phosphatatse, signifcant (p<0.05) increase in faecal counts of coliforms and Escherichia coli (Proteobacteria), as well as reduced colonic mucus production and goblet cell numbers. Histological evidence of DBP toxicity included severe congestion of hepatic central venules, severe infammatory cell infltration in liver and colonic tissues, and atrophy of colonic mucosal glands, with a reduction in erythrocyte count being the major haematological alteration. The protective efects of Zn and GA were manifested as signifcant reduction in the activities of serum enzymes and the severity of hepatic and colonic lesions, along with preservation of haematological indices and colonic mucus. GA caused signifcant reduction in E. coli and coli forms, while also increasing enterococci count. Conclusion Dietary supplementation with Zn or GA may alleviate DBP-induced liver and colonic toxicity. The probable mechanisms may include the preservation of the colonic mucus barrier and improvement in the abundance of beneficial bacteria.Item Luteolin normalizes Blood Pressure via its antioxidant activity and down-regulation of Renal Angiotensin II receptor and Mineralocorticoid receptor expressions in rats co-exposed to Diclofenac and Sodium Fluoride(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2022) Ajibade, T. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Adetona, M. O.; Adedapo, A. D. A.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Larbie, C.; Omobowale, T. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.; Adedapo, A. A.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.This study was designed to investigate the modulatory role of Luteolin (Lut), a flavonoid phytochemical, on haemodynamic parameters and the potential mechanisms involving renal Angiotensin II (AT2R) and Mineralocorticoid (MCR) receptors in renal toxicity induced by co-exposure to Diclofenac (Dcf) and sodium fluoride (NaF) in rats. Male Wistar rats were administered with either vehicle (control), Dcf only (9 mg/kg orally) or concurrently with NaF (300 ppm in drinking water). Other groups were treated with LutA (100 mg/kg) or LutB (200 mg/kg) along with Dcf and NaF exposures. All treatments lasted 8 days, following which blood pressure indices were measured using tail-cuff plethysmography. Renal expressions of AT2R and MCR were studied with immunohistochemistry, while biomarkers of oxidative and antioxidant status were also measured in the kidneys. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in Dcf-treated rats, compared to control values. However, co-treatment with NaF or Lut restored these parameters. While the expression of AT2R and MCR was high in the Dcf and Dcf+NaF groups, treatment with Lut caused obvious reduction in the renal expression of these receptors. Increased lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls)with a lowering of reduced glutathione levels contributed to the renal toxicity of Dcf, and these were significantly ameliorated in Lut-treated rats. In conclusion, the preservation of haemodynamic indices by Luteolin in the experimental rats was probably mediated by mechanisms involving down-regulation of renal expressions of AT2R and MCR, reduction of oxidative stress and an improvement of renal antioxidant status.Item Nigella sativa oil protects against cadmium-induced intestinal toxicity via promotion of anti-inflammatory mechanisms, mucin expression and microbiota integrity(Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, 2021) Akinrinde, A. S.; Adekanmbi, A. O.; Olojo, F. O.Objective: This study examined the protective effects of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on cadmium (Cd)-induced alterations affecting gut morphology and microbiota composition, as well as the involvement of mucus glycoprotein (MUC2) and immune-inflammatory markers (TNFα and IL-2) in the colon of rats. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats, randomized into four groups, were treated either with distilled water (control), CdCl2 (100 mg/kg), CdCl2+NSO (1 ml/kg) or NSO alone. After the experiments, faecal samples were processed for microbial culture on various selective media, while intestinal segments were prepared for histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry. The composition of NSO was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Oral Cd administration provoked dramatic increases in faecal counts of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococci, Enterococci, Pseudomonas and Escherichia coli), while decreasing probiotic lactobacilli counts. Cadmium treatment caused down-regulation of colonic MUC2 (p=0.003) and IL-2 (p=0.03), but increased TNFα (p=0.034), along with reduced goblet cell counts and mucus production. Conversely, treatment with NSO significantly improved Lactobacilli counts (p=0.042), while reducing the levels of potentially pathogenic species. In addition, NSO significantly restored colonic expressions of MUC2 (p=0.001), TNFα (p=0.007) and IL-2 (p=0.025) to control levels. GC-MS analysis of NSO revealed the presence of the active ingredient, thymoquinone and a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, including trans-13-octadecenoic acid and oleic acid. Conclusion: This study highlights the intestinal mucus, microbiota and immuno-inflammatory system as important protective targets of NSO against Cd-induced intestinal toxicity.Item Nutritional potentials and reproductive effects of Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) peels on male Wistar rats(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2021) Akinsulie, O. C.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Soetan, K. O.Increasing demand and high cost of conventional animal feed and ingredients have stimulated the search for sustainable alternatives in substances otherwise considered as agricultural or industrial wastes. The present study evaluated the nutritional properties of Irish Potato agro-wastes (peel) (IPP) as an alternative source of feed nutrients, via its effects on haematological, biochemical, antioxidant and reproductive indices using Wistar rats as experimental animal model. Twenty male Wistar rats (100-120 g) were randomly allocated to two dietary treatment groups A and B, with 10 rats in each group. Group A (control) were fed a commercial rat concentrate while Group B rats were fed processed Irish potato peel diet for 2 weeks. The proximate analysis of the diets revealed lower levels of crude protein, energy, fat and ash in IPP, but higher levels of crude fiber, dry matter, moisture and Nitrogen free extract, compared to the control diet. However, IPP recorded lower levels of major anti-nutritional factors (Trypsin Inhibitor, Cyanogenic glycosides, Phytates, Oxalates) compared to the commercial diet. Although IPP led to a significant reduction in the body weights of the rats, there were no changes recorded in most haematological (PCV, Hb, RBC, Platelet count, MCV, MCH and MCHC) and serum chemistry (ALT, AST, ALP) parameters between IPP-fed and control rats. There were observable increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase and Glutathione peroxidase) and some markers of oxidative stress (Hydrogen peroxide and Malondialdehyde), as part of a possible adaptive response to IPP. Furthermore, histopathological examination of the liver, kidney and testes did not present any major lesions in both groups of rats, although significant enhancement of sperm motility, livability and sperm count was observed in the IPP-fed rats compared to the control group. This study demonstrates that Irish potato peels possess promising nutritional potentials that should encourage its utilization as an alternative source of animal feed ingredients.Item Zinc and ascorbic acid treatment alleviates systemic inflammation and gastrointestinal and renal oxidative stress induced by sodium azide in rats(Springer Science, 2021) Akinrinde, A. S.; Fapuro, J.; Soetan, K. O.Background: Sodium azide (NaN3) is a chemical of rapidly increasing economic importance but with high toxic attributes. In this study, the effects of zinc (Zn) and ascorbic acid (AsA) supplementation on sodium azide (NaN3) - induced toxicity in the stomach, colon and kidneys were evaluated in Wistar rats. Twenty-eight rats were randomly allocated to four experimental groups as follows: group A (control) given distilled water only; group B (NaN3 only, 20 mg/kg); group C (NaN3 + zinc sulphate, ZnSO4 80 mg/kg); and group D (NaN3 + AsA 200 mg/kg). Results: NaN3 was found to significantly (p < 0.05) induce increases in serum nitric oxide (NO), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and total protein levels, along with significant (p < 0.05) increase in gastric, colonic and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) levels. In addition, NaN3 induced significant (p < 0.05) reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the colon and kidneys. Treatment with Zn or AsA caused significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum levels of oxidative and inflammatory markers, as well as tissue PCO and MDA levels. Moreover, co-treatment with Zn or AsA significantly (p < 0.05) restored colonic and renal levels of antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione and protein thiols. Conclusions: This study shows that Zn or AsA supplementation alleviated NaN3 toxicity by suppressing systemic inflammation and preventing oxidative damage in the stomach, colon and kidneys of rats.Item Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2021) Akinrinde, A. S.; Hameed, H. O.Objectives: This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (L-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), L-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and L-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematologi cal, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results: DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and L-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although L-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions: The data from this study suggest that Gly or L-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.Item Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2021) Akinrinde, A. S.; Hameed, H. O.Objectives: This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (L-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), L-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and L-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematologi cal, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results: DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and L-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although L-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions: The data from this study suggest that Gly or L-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.