Scholarly works in Pharmaceutical Microbiology

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Start date: 2000Subject: search.filters.subject.Escherichia coli

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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase escherichia coli and histamine contents in raw Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) sold in open markets in Sagamu, Nigeria
    (Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos (UNILAG), 2022) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Okanlawon, B. M.; Adejumo, O. E.; Lawal, A. S.; Ademola, S. R.
    Background: A food borne sickness called histamine fish poisoning is frequently brought on by eating some fish species that have high levels of histamine and other biogenic amines in their tissues. When fish is improperly stored and preserved, its natural makeup makes it polluted. Objectives: This study was carried out to examine the histamine contents, determine the extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing isolates of Escherichia coli from the gut of raw mackerel fish obtained in Sagamu markets and relate the plasmid isolated, if present, with Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL). Materials and Methods: Fifty (50) mackerel fish were dissected and their guts were removed for the isolation of E. coli on eosin methylene blue agar medium. The isolates obtained were Gram stained, biochemically characterized, and thereafter plated on Mueller Hinton agar impregnated with ESBL discs by double disc synergy methods. Ten gram (10 g) of each part of fish weighing 100 g was blended for histamine determination by spectrophotometry and plasmid analysis of some selected ESBL resistance amongst the isolates were determined. Results: Escherichia coli were found in all fifty mackerel fish and 31 (62%) of those were ESBL producers. All of these were plasmid-free. In 14 (28%) of the 50 fish analysed, histamine concentrations of more than 100 mg/100 g exceeded the tolerance threshold of 10 mg/100 g, Conclusion: The results from the study showed that some of the fish sold in the markets of Sagamu contain ESBL producing Escherichia coli which may be considered as reservoirs for resistant bacteria. Significant level of histamine recorded surpassed histamine tolerance level in fish for human consumption. There is a need to provide storage facilities and raise hygiene awareness in markets where fish is sold.
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    Antimicrobial activity of crude extact of Grewia Mollis Smith (Malvaceae) on clinical isolates of Escherichia Coli from cases of Diarrhea
    (College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, 2021) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Ike, W. E.; Ojieabu, W. A.; Fasuyi, O. C.
    Background: Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of primary intestinal infections, particularly diarrhoea and other types of opportunistic infections of humans. The antimicrobial, phytochemical contents and minimum inhibitory concentration of Grewia mollis Smith (Malvaceae) were determined in a quest to evaluate their potentials as sources of alternative medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. Methods: The bacteriological investigation was carried out on 25 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from cases of diarrhoea which includes; sub-culturing onto eosin methylene blue agar and incubated at 370C for 24 hours. Gram staining, lactose fermentation, indole formation from tryptophan, gelatin liquefaction and Voges - Proskauer test were carried out on the isolates. The antimicrobial, phytochemical analysis and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Grewia mollis extract were determined using Evans and Trease method. Results: Grewia mollis leave methanol, ethyl acetate and N- hexane extracts gave extraction yield 8.40, 3.86 and 2.55 respectively. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids were detected as bioactive compounds from the leave of Grewia mollis investigated. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract elicited remarkable antimicrobial activity in correlation to the polarity of each solvent.
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    Susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections to antibiotics and methanol extracts of Olax subscorpioidea and Sida corymbosa
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, University of Jos, 2020) Idowu, P. A.; Okanlawon, B. M.; Salam, H. O.
    Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs), of which Escherichia coli causes about 80% of cases is on increase, causing mortality, morbidity and increased health care costs. Clinical isolates of E. coli (13) from UTIs were tested for susceptibility to standard antibiotics and extracts of Olax subscorpioidea and Sida corymbosa. Methanol extracts of the plants were screened at 20, 40, 80 and 100 mg/ml against the isolates using agar-well diffusion method while antibiogram was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the plants` extracts and two antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method. The isolates were mostly susceptible to ofloxacin and 100% resistance to augmentin. Extracts of the plants showed good and dose-dependent activities, even on the multidrug resistant E. coli isolates. The zones of inhibition of the extracts ranged 9-16 mm while the MICs ranged 0.5-10 mg/ml on the isolates. This study has shown that MDR E. coli in UTIs are still prevalent and that the roots of O. subscorpioidea and stem of S. corymbosa extracts have good antibacterial activities against the isolates. The results justified the traditional use of the plants to treat infections generally and the potential utilization in the treatment of UTIs.
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    Prevalence of extended spectrum βeta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from patients diagnosed with urinary tract infections in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State.
    (College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2017) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Odeleye, F. O.
    Background: Extended spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESβLs) are variants of beta lactamase enzymes that are capable of hydrolyzing broader spectrum of beta-lactams antibiotics. The enzymes have mutation in the gene at the active site that is believed to be the cause of high Beta lactamase activity. ESβL mediate resistance to all third generation cephalosporins, including monobactams. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli from patients presenting with cases of urinary tract infection at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital between April and June 2016. Method: Urine samples from cases of UTI were centrifuged and the subnatants were diluted serially up to 10 5 with sterile distilled water. A loopful of each of the last two dilutions was streaked on a plate of sterile Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. The plates were incubated at 370C for 24 hrs. Plates that elicited growth were sub-cultured and stored for further use. Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests including indole, citrate utilization, hydrogen sulphide utilization, nitrate, catalase and urease tests were conducted on selected distinct colonies with green metallic sheen on the EMB culture plate. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc-diffusion method. ESBL detection was done by using the double-disc synergy test. An antibiotic disc of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Oxoid, UK) was placed at the center of the plate and discs containing Ceftazidime (CAZ - 30μg) (Oxoid, UK), Ceftriaxone (CRO - 30μg) Aztreonam (ATM - 30μg) were sited 0.2cm equidistant from the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid disc. After aerobic incubation at 37ºC for 18 hours, a clear extension of the edge of the growth inhibition zone of the cephalosporins towards amoxicillin-clavulanic acid disc was measured and used as positive index of ESβL production. Results: Of the 100 urine samples examined, 79 (79%) isolates of Escherichia coli were detected by conventional biochemical tests of which 30 (38%) isolates were found to exhibit ESβL production. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates elicited highest susceptibility to ofloxacin (90%), gentamicin (87%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (53%). A progressive decrease in sensitivity to cefixime (60%) and cefuroxime (27%) – a cephalosporinase effect was recorded. Conclusion: Judicious use of antibiotics is more important to prevent infections by these resistant organisms in the community coupled with awareness by microbiologists and clinicians serving the community as key to early detection and appropriate treatment of patients affected by ESβL producing Escherichia coli.
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    Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase Escherichia coli and histamine contents in raw mackerel (Scomber japonicus) sold in open markets in Sagamu, Nigeria.
    (Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, 2022) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Okanlawon, B. M.; Adejumo, O. E.; Lawal, A. S.; Ademola, S. R.
    Background: A food borne sickness called histamine fish poisoning is frequently brought on by eating some fish species that have high levels of histamine and other biogenic amines in their tissues. When fish is improperly stored and preserved, its natural makeup makes it polluted. Objectives: This study was carried out to examine the histamine contents, determine the extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing isolates of Escherichia coli from the gut of raw mackerel fish obtained in Sagamu markets and relate the plasmid isolated, if present, with Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL). Materials and Methods: Fifty (50) mackerel fish were dissected and their guts were removed for the isolation of E. coli on eosin methylene blue agar medium. The isolates obtained were Gram stained, biochemically characterized, and thereafter plated on Mueller Hinton agar impregnated with ESBL discs by double disc synergy methods. Ten gram (10 g) of each part of fish weighing 100 g was blended for histamine determination by spectrophotometry and plasmid analysis of some selected ESBL resistance amongst the isolates were determined. Results: Escherichia coli were found in all fifty mackerel fish and 31 (62%) of those were ESBL producers. All of these were plasmid-free. In 14 (28%) of the 50 fish analysed, histamine concentrations of more than 100mg/100g exceeded the tolerance threshold of 10mg/100g. Conclusion: The results from the study showed that some of the fish sold in the markets of Sagamu contain ESBL producing Escherichia coli which may be considered as reservoirs for resistant bacteria. Significant level of histamine recorded surpassed histamine tolerance level in fish for human consumption. There is a need to provide storage facilities and raise hygiene awareness in markets where fish is sold.
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    Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extract of Grewia mollis Smith (Malvaceae) on Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli from Cases of Diarrhoea
    (College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, 2021) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Ike, W. E.; Ojieabu, W. A.; Fasuyi, O. C.
    Background: Escherichia coli is one of the leading causes of primary intestinal infections, particularly diarrhoea and other types of opportunistic infections of humans. The antimicrobial, phytochemical contents and minimum inhibitory concentration of Grewia mollis Smith (Malvaceae) were determined in a quest to evaluate their potentials as sources of alternative medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea. Methods: The bacteriological investigation was carried out on 25 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli from cases of diarrhoea which includes; sub-culturing onto eosin methylene blue agar and incubated at 370C for 24 hours. Gram staining, lactose fermentation, indole formation from tryptophan, gelatin liquefaction and Voges–Proskauer test were carried out on the isolates. The antimicrobial, phytochemical analysis and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Grewia mollis extract were determined using Evans and Trease method. Results: Grewia mollisleave methanol, ethyl acetate and N- hexane extracts gave extraction yield 8.40, 3.86 and 2.55 respectively. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids were detected as bioactive compounds from the leave of Grewia mollis investigated. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration of the extract elicited remarkable antimicrobial activity in correlation to the polarity of each solvent. Conclusion: Therefore, Grewia mollis leave extracts hold the potential for clinical application.
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    Susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections to antibiotics and methanol extracts of Olax subscorpioidea and Sida corymbosa
    (Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos. Nigeria, 2020) Idowu, P. A.; Okanlawon, B. M.; Salam, H. O.
    Antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs), of which Escherichia coli causes about 80% of cases is on increase, causing mortality, morbidity and increased health care costs. Clinical isolates of E. coli (13) from UTIs were tested for susceptibility to standard antibiotics and extracts of Olax subscorpioidea and Sida corymbosa. Methanol extracts of the plants were screened at 20, 40, 80 and 100 mg/ml against the isolates using agar-well diffusion method while antibiogram was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the plants` extracts and two antibiotics were determined by agar dilution method. The isolates were mostly susceptible to ofloxacin and 100% resistance to augmentin. Extracts of the plants showed good and dose-dependent activities, even on the multidrug resistant E. coli isolates. The zones of inhibition of the extracts ranged 9-16 mm while the MICs ranged 0.5-10 mg/ml on the isolates. This study has shown that MDR E. coli in UTIs are still prevalent and that the roots of O. subscorpioidea and stem of S. corymbosa extracts have good antibacterial activities against the isolates. The results justified the traditional use of the plants to treat infections generally and the potential utilization in the treatment of UTIs.
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    Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli from patients diagnosed with urinary
    (College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2017) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Odeleye, F. O.
    Background: Extended spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESβLs) are variants of beta lactamase enzymes that are capable of hydrolyzing broader spectrum of beta-lactams antibiotics. The enzymes have mutation in the gene at the active site that is believed to be the cause of high Beta lactamase activity. ESβL mediate resistance to all third generation cephalosporins, including monobactams. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli from patients presenting with cases of urinary tract infection at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital between April and June 2016. Method: Urine samples from cases of UTI were centrifuged and the subnatants were diluted serially up to 10 5 with sterile distilled water. A loopful of each of the last two dilutions was streaked on a plate of sterile Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. The plates were incubated at 370C for 24 hrs. Plates that elicited growth were sub-cultured and stored for further use. Gram staining and conventional biochemical tests including indole, citrate utilization, hydrogen sulphide utilization, nitrate, catalase and urease tests were conducted on selected distinct colonies with green metallic sheen on the EMB culture plate. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disc-diffusion method. ESBL detection was done by using the double-disc synergy test. An antibiotic disc of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (Oxoid, UK) was placed at the center of the plate and discs containing Ceftazidime (CAZ - 30µg) (Oxoid, UK), Ceftriaxone (CRO - 30µg) Aztreonam (ATM - 30µg) were sited 0.2cm equidistant from the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid disc. After aerobic incubation at 37ºC for 18 hours, a clear extension of the edge of the growth inhibition zone of the cephalosporins towards amoxicillin-clavulanic acid disc was measured and used as positive index of ESβL production. Results: Of the 100 urine samples examined, 79 (79%) isolates of Escherichia coli were detected by conventional biochemical tests of which 30 (38%) isolates were found to exhibit ESβL production. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates elicited highest susceptibility to ofloxacin (90%), gentamicin (87%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (53%). A progressive decrease in sensitivity to cefixime (60%) and cefuroxime (27%) – a cephalosporinase effect was recorded. Conclusion: Judicious use of antibiotics is more important to prevent infections by these resistant organisms in the community coupled with awareness by microbiologists and clinicians serving the community as key to early detection and appropriate treatment of patients affected by ESβL producing Escherichia coli.