FACULTY OF CLINICAL SCIENCES
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Item Determinants of transition across the spectrum of alcohol use and misuse in Nigeria(Elsevier, 2013) Esan, O.; Makanjuola, V.; Oladeji, B.; Gureje, O.Many studies have examined the risk factors associated with alcohol use disorders. No information is available from developing countries about the factors that may determine the transitions across different levels of use and misuse. Alcohol use and its misuse were assessed in a cohort of 2143 Nigerians using Version 3.0 of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI). This generated six levels of alcohol use and related disorders. Using age of onset variables created for the purpose, analysis was done to determine rates of and risk factor for transition between the levels. Lifetime prevalence estimates were 57.8% for alcohol use, 27.6% for regular use, 2.9% for abuse, and 0.3% for dependence. Whereas 47.8% transited to regular use from lifetime ever use, only 10.5% transited to abuse from regular use and 9.5% from abuse to dependence. Male sex, age 18e49 years and being never married predicted onset of alcohol use. Transition to regular use was predicted only by male sex while transition to abuse was predicted by male sex and age 35e49 years. Factors associated with recovery from abuse were female sex and a student status. Higher rates of transition occurred in the stages preceding the onset of alcohol use disorders. Sex and age were the main determinants of transition, with male gender and middle age being risk factors for transition to problematic use of alcohol.Item Determinants of Outcome of Neonates Admitted in the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(West African College of Nursing, 2018) Ike, E. U.; Ndikom, C. M.Neonatal period is a crucial period compared to any other time during infancy as they are at high risk of dying during this period. The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of UCH is a highly technical specialized unit in the hospital that provides medical/nursing care to sick and/or high-risk premature infants. Yet some babies admitted to this unit fail to survive. The aim of this study is to determine characteristics of neonates admitted at NICU and factors influencing outcome of care. A retrospective descriptive survey based on case record of babies admitted for a five year period between January 2007 and December 2011. Check list was used for data collection of the 1020 neonates admitted during the period. Analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 17 software. Out of the 1020 neonates, male babies were more 549(53.8%) than their female counterparts 468 (45.9%). Most 992(97.3%) of their mothers were not booked or registered for antenatal care and were not referred early to UCH causing the babies to be in fetal distress before arrival to the hospital. Mortality was less (16.6%) among the in-born than out-born babies (35.8%). It was observed that male neonates, preterm/low birth weight and their time of admission were associated with poor outcome. There is a significant association between mothers' occupation, pregnancy complication, place of birth, mode of delivery and neonates care outcomes (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis shows that mothers who had up to tertiary (university) level of education are three times more likely to have babies who survived and discharged home alive compared to those who had no formal education. There is need for nurses to educate women on the importance of early antenatal booking and delivery in a well-equipped facility. Prompt screening, identification and referral of women at risk and prompt resuscitation of new-born with asphyxia should be ensured.Item Determinants of transition across the spectrum of alcohol use and misuse in Nigeria(Elsevier Inc, 2013) Esan, O.B.; Makanjuola, V.; Oladeji, B.; Gureje, O.Many studies have examined the risk factors associated with alcohol use disorders. No information is available from developing countries about the factors that may determine the transitions across different levels of use and misuse. Alcohol use and its misuse were assessed in a cohort of 2143 Nigerians using Version 3.0 of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI). This generated six levels of alcohol use and related disorders. Using age of onset variables created for the purpose, analysis was done to determine rates of and risk factor for transition between the levels. Lifetime prevalence estimates were 57.8% for alcohol use, 27.6% for regular use, 2.9% for abuse, and 0.3% for dependence. Whereas 47.8% transited to regular use from lifetime ever use, only 10.5% transited to abuse from regular use and 9.5% from abuse to dependence. Male sex, age 18e49 years and being never married predicted onset of alcohol use. Transition to regular use was predicted only by male sex while transition to abuse was predicted by male sex and age 35e49 years. Factors associated with recovery from abuse were female sex and a student status. Higher rates of transition occurred in the stages preceding the onset of alcohol use disorders. Sex and age were the main determinants of transition, with male gender and middle age being risk factors for transition to problematic use of alcohol.Item Male involvement and factors influencing choice of contraception among market traders in an urban city in Southwest Nigeria(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2024) Fakorede, E.O.; Ogunbode, O.O.; Ogunbode, A.M.; Okunlola, M.A.The study assessed the determinants of contraceptive choice and use as well as to examine the perceived impact of male involvement in contraception among market traders. A mixed method cross-sectional study conducted among 489 traders in four Local Government areas in Ibadan, Nigeria, using a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers and in-depth interviews with multi-staged sampling technique. The mean age of participants was 36.1 +8.4 years, with mean parity of 3.8± 1.5. Female traders represented 49.3% (241) while 50.7% (248) were males. Most, two hundred and twenty participants (45.0%) were from Bodija market. Majority (84.1%) were married and consisted mostly of Yoruba (92.4%) ethnic group. Awareness of contraception was high (89.9%) and the most common source was the health facility (366; 74.9%), however, only 41.1% were using modern contraception. Ease of use was the primary determining factor (48.2%) while partner's refusal (28.1%) was the major reason against use of contraception. Among the female participants, 119 (49.4%) stated that their partner had stopped them from using contraceptives in the past and 124(51.1%) reported positive male involvement and support for contraceptive use. There was high level of awareness of contraception, yet uptake and utilization are low. Also, men play a significant role in determining choice so there is need for health education on family planning targeted towards men.Item Knowledge of emergency contraception and predictors of its use among female undergraduates in two Nigerian universities.(Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria., 2022) Ogunbode, O.O.; Takpe, R.; Adeniyi, A.; Ogunbode, A. M.; Agboola, A.Background: Unintended pregnancies contribute to the high burden of unsafe abortion, maternal deaths and morbidities among undergraduates. Objective: To assess the determinants of good knowledge and evaluate the trends in the practice of Emergency Contraception (EC) among female undergraduates. Method: This was a cross sectional study involving four hundred and twenty female undergraduates from two universities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants were recruited from their hostels and classrooms. Data collection was done using self-administered questionnaires and good knowledge was defined as three correct answers to five questions testing knowledge. The questionnaires also addressed their practices of EC. The data was stored on the computer, cleaned and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: Two hundred and fourteen (51.0%) participants were aware of EC and the common sources were friends (43.4%), media (42.9%) and pharmacies (42.0%). One hundred and sixty-four participants (39.1%) had good knowledge of EC. Participants in the age group 20-24 years, second year of study, those who were aware of EC and had ever used EC were associated with good knowledge. Less than half (48%) of the sexually active participants used EC in the past six months and Levonogestrel (51%) was the commonest EC used. Menstrual irregularity and abdominal pain were the major side effects of EC. Conclusion: The practice of EC is poor and with poor knowledge demonstrated among female undergraduates. There is therefore the need to improve information and access to EC in the university community.