Community Medicine
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ibadanedu.com/handle/123456789/12281
Browse
9 results
Search Results
Item A descriptive study of the morbidity pattern of older persons presenting at a geriatric centre in southwestern Nigeria.(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow Publications, 2017) Cadmus, E. O.; Adebusoye, L. A.; Olowookere, O. O.; Oluwatosin, O. G.; Owoaje, E. T.; Alonge, T. O.Context: Rapid population ageing is a demographic reality in most countries of the world. Old age is associated with changes which may culminate in health problems, necessitating provision of appropriate preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services. However, reports from many low- and middle-income countries have shown lack of preparedness to cater for the healthcare needs of older persons. Aim: This study described the morbidity profile and its determinants among persons aged 60 years and above who presented at an established geriatric centre in southwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from electronic health records of 4886 patients aged ≥60 years who visited the facility between 1st January 2013 and 31st December 2014. Data were analyzed using Stata version 13 (Texas, USA). Frequency distributions were used for descriptive analysis, and chi-square test was used to test associations. Results: More than a half, 2919 (59.7%), of the respondents were females and almost three quarters 3501 (71.7%) were aged between 60 and 74 years. Mean number of morbidities was 1.81 ± 0.9, and less than half, 1097 (42.0%), presented with only one morbidity, most commonly, hypertension. There were significant age-related differences for musculoskeletal (P = 0.001), endocrine (P = 0.01), and psychological problems (P = 0.01). In addition, gender differences were observed as a significantly higher proportion of females presented with general symptoms (P = 0.02) and musculoskeletal problems (P = 0.0001) than men. Conclusion: The most common presenting morbidities at this geriatric health centre were mostly no communicable diseases. Information obtained will be useful in the design of similar facilities in other parts of the country and region at large.Item A review of the health problems of the internally displaced persons in Africa.(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016) Owoaje, E. T.; Uchendu, O. C.; Ajayi, T. O.; Cadmus, E. O.Globally, over 40 million people were displaced as a result of wars and violence due to religious and ethnic conflicts in 2015 while 19.2 million were displaced by natural disasters such as famine and floods. In Africa, 12 million people were displaced by armed conflict and violence and there were hundreds of thousands of people displaced by natural disasters. Despite these large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sub‑Saharan African countries and the potentially negative impact of displacement on the health of these populations, there is limited information on the health problems of IDPs in the region. The previous studies have mainly focused on the health problems of refugees and single disease entities among IDPs. However, a more comprehensive picture is required to inform the provision of adequate healthcare services for this vulnerable population. The objective of this review was to fill this knowledge gap. Bibliographic databases were searched and screened, and nine studies were selected and reviewed. The major physical health problems and symptoms were fever/malaria (85% in children and 48% in adults), malnutrition in children (stunting 52% and wasting 6%), malnutrition in adult males (24%), diarrhoea (62% in children and 22% in adults) and acute respiratory infections (45%). The prevalent mental health problems were post‑traumatic stress disorder (range: 42%–54%) and depression (31%–67%). Most of the studies reviewed focused on mental health problems. Limited evidence suggests that IDPs experience various health problems but more research is required to inform the provision of adequate and comprehensive healthcare services for this group of individualsItem An urban-rural comparison of the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with elder abuse in Oyo State, southwestern Nigeria.(MJ & M Biolabs, 2014) Cadmus, E. O.; Owoaje, E. T.Background; The social restructuring of families due to modernization and urbanization has led to a decrease in the available primary care givers for the elderly and places them in a position of risk of abuse. Elder abuse has hitherto been uncharacterized in Nigeria. This study compares the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with elder abuse in a rural and an urban community in Oyo State, south western Nigeria. Methods: A comparative cross sectional survey of the elderly (aged 60 years and above) was conducted in selected rural (Iwajowa) and urban (Ibadan South-East) Local Government Areas of Oyo State, Nigeria in 2010. Data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire and were analysed using Stata version 12. Results: Overall prevalence of abuse was 29.1%. Emotional abuse (15.8%) was the most frequent followed by financial abuse (14.3%) and physical abuse (9.0%). Only 2 (0.6%) respondents in the urban area reported sexual abuse. The urban and rural prevalence of abuse were: emotional abuse 23.7% versus 8.0%; physical abuse 14.5% versus 3.6% and financial abuse 20.9% versus 7.7% respectively. Although there were differences based on location, for the total population, predictors of elder abuse were, urban dwelling, being unmarried, and financially dependence. Conclus ion : This study has revealed that elder abuse is not uncommon in these communities. All forms of elder abuse are quite prevalent except sexual abuse. Financial insufficiency and dependence on family members for care are contributory factors. Appropriate social and welfare interventions are required to ameliorate the problem.Item In their own words: mental health and quality of life of West African refugees in Nigeria.(Springer, 2014) Akinyemi, O. O.; Owoaje, E. T.; Cadmus, E. O.Refugees are exposed to extreme stressors and are therefore at risk of mental health and social problems. Other issues refugees have to cope with include the loss of their country, culture, language, profession, family, friends, and future plans. Much of the studies that have been done on refugee mental health have not attempted to explain what these experiences mean to these individuals. Thus, this study provides explorative data on the mental health and quality of life of West African refugees living in Nigeria in order to understand their views and perspectives. This study carried out in 2010 employed qualitative methods; a total of four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among adult male and female refugees purposively selected at the Oru Refugee Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria. Respondents described quality of life as a major determinant of mental health status. Most of the participants believed that women were more predisposed to mental ill health due to their sensitive emotional make-up. Factors identified by respondents as affecting mental health and quality of life among refugees included poverty, unemployment, physical health, housing and environment, discrimination, stigmatization, and insecurity. Refugees rated their mental health and quality of life as poor due to the aforementioned factors. Recommendations were made to the international community, national and local governments to invest more on education, provision of vocational and entrepreneurial skills as well as adequate housing in order to improve the mental health and quality of life of refugees.Item Knowledge about complications and practice of abortion among female undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.(The Association of Resident Doctors (ARD), University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria., 2011) Cadmus, E. O.; Owoaje, E. T.Background: Unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortion pose major health risks to women in the reproductive age group. Female undergraduates are particularly exposed to these risks. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge about complications and practice of abortion among female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using structured, self-administered questionnaires, to collect data on respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, knowledge about various complications of abortion and practice of abortion. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 14. Results: A total of 425 students were interviewed, mean age of the undergraduates was 21.5± 2.8 years. Overall, 122 (29%) of the respondents had ever had sexual intercourse. Twenty five percent of those who were sexually active had ever been pregnant and 90% had terminated the pregnancy. The most common reason given for termination was that pregnancy was unplanned for. Most of the respondents 354 (83.3%) had a good knowledge about complications of abortion and mean knowledge score was 4.01±1.58 (range 0-5). Conclusion: This group of students were aware of the risks associated with unsafe abortion; however, the abortion rate was still high. Sexual reproductive health interventions are needed on campus in order to equip female undergraduates with comprehensive knowledge and skills to reduce the likelihood of unplanned pregnancies.Item Patterns of contraceptive use among female undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria(Internet Scientific Publications (ISPUB)., 2010) Cadmus, E. O.; Owoaje, E. T.This study was conducted to determine pattern of contraceptives use among female undergraduates in the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted among female undergraduates resident on campus using self-administered questionnaires Overall, 425 female undergraduates between the ages of 15 and 30 years were interviewed. Only 28.7% of the respondents were sexually active and mean age at sexual debut was 19 years ±2.31 years. About 63.9% of the sexually active respondents had ever used some form of contraceptives mainly the condom and pills. Only (26.7%) of the sexually active respondents used a contraceptive at their last sexual encounter and contraceptive use was significantly higher (p<.05) among the older females’ contraceptive use among the sexually active female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan was not optimal although knowledge of various methods was high. Appropriate interventions are needed to encourage contraceptive use among sexually active female undergraduateItem Awareness and utilization of female condoms among street youths in Ibadan, an urban setting in South-West Nigeria(African Field Epidemiology Network, 2019) Uchendu, O. C.; Adeyera, O.; Owoaje, E. T.Introduction: female condom awareness and use have been poorly documented in sub-Saharan region especially among street youths. This study assessed its awareness and use among street youths. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted among 964 youths between ages 15 to 24 years old using questionnaires to elicit information. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted at 5% level of significance. Results: more than half (69.9%) were males and between 20-25 years of age (61.2%). More than three-quarter (81.0%) had initiated sexual activity. Almost half (47.9%) of the respondents have heard about female condoms however only 16.8% have ever seen while 4.3% have actually ever used a female condom. Age, education, current sexual activity and experience of rape attempt were predictors of female condom awareness. Conclusion: awareness of female condom was a significant predictor of utilization of female condoms. There is therefore a need for proper awareness and education on the effectiveness of female condoms.Item A Rural-Urban comparison of the prevalence and factors associated with unintentional home fall injuries in South Western Nigeria(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2018) Uchendu, O. C.; Owoaje, E. T.; Iken, O. F.Background: Unintentional home fall injuries contribute to the morbidity and mortality burden in developing countries. Rural-Urban variation on the burden of unintentional home fall injuries in Africa is poorly documented. We compared the prevalence and factors associated with unintentional home fall injuries among household members in rural and urban areas of South Western Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a community-based cross sectional survey using a three-stage cluster sampling technique to select 4433 individuals from 1015 households from selected settlements in a rural and urban Local Government Areas (LGAs). A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on household members’ characteristics, individual injury experience and nature of injury experienced. Chi square test and logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with unintentional home fall injuries. Results: Overall, the incidence of unintentional home falls injury was 171/1000 per year with a significantly higher incidence in the urban (195/1000 per year) compared to rural (150/1000 per year) areas. The odds of experiencing unintentional home fall injuries was 1.47 times higher in household members living in urban areas compared to their rural counterparts (OR=1.47; 95%CI: 1.13-1.92). Conclusion: The burden of unintentional home fall injuries is high with a significantly higher urban preponderance. Enforcement of building codes to ensure safety of the home environment especially in urban areas is also recommended for resource poor countries like Nigeria.Item A review of the health problems of the Internally Displaced Persons in Africa(The National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, 2016) Owoaje, E. T.; Uchendu, O. C.; Ajayi, T. O.; Cadmus, E. O.Globally, over 40 million people were displaced as a result of wars and violence due to religious and ethnic conflicts in 2015 while 19.2 million were displaced by natural disasters such as famine and floods. In Africa, 12 million people were displaced by armed conflict and violence and there were hundreds of thousands of people displaced by natural disasters. Despite these large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sub‑Saharan African countries and the potentially negative impact of displacement on the health of these populations, there is limited information on the health problems of IDPs in the region. The previous studies have mainly focused on the health problems of refugees and single disease entities among IDPs. However, a more comprehensive picture is required to inform the provision of adequate healthcare services for this vulnerable population. The objective of this review was to fill this knowledge gap. Bibliographic databases were searched and screened, and nine studies were selected and reviewed. The major physical health problems and symptoms were fever/malaria (85% in children and 48% in adults), malnutrition in children (stunting 52% and wasting 6%), malnutrition in adult males (24%), diarrhoea (62% in children and 22% in adults) and acute respiratory infections (45%). The prevalent mental health problems were post‑traumatic stress disorder (range: 42%–54%) and depression (31%–67%). Most of the studies reviewed focused on mental health problems. Limited evidence suggests that IDPs experience various health problems but more research is required to inform the provision of adequate and comprehensive healthcare services for this group of individuals.