Community Medicine
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Item A review of the health problems of the internally displaced persons in Africa.(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016) Owoaje, E. T.; Uchendu, O. C.; Ajayi, T. O.; Cadmus, E. O.Globally, over 40 million people were displaced as a result of wars and violence due to religious and ethnic conflicts in 2015 while 19.2 million were displaced by natural disasters such as famine and floods. In Africa, 12 million people were displaced by armed conflict and violence and there were hundreds of thousands of people displaced by natural disasters. Despite these large numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sub‑Saharan African countries and the potentially negative impact of displacement on the health of these populations, there is limited information on the health problems of IDPs in the region. The previous studies have mainly focused on the health problems of refugees and single disease entities among IDPs. However, a more comprehensive picture is required to inform the provision of adequate healthcare services for this vulnerable population. The objective of this review was to fill this knowledge gap. Bibliographic databases were searched and screened, and nine studies were selected and reviewed. The major physical health problems and symptoms were fever/malaria (85% in children and 48% in adults), malnutrition in children (stunting 52% and wasting 6%), malnutrition in adult males (24%), diarrhoea (62% in children and 22% in adults) and acute respiratory infections (45%). The prevalent mental health problems were post‑traumatic stress disorder (range: 42%–54%) and depression (31%–67%). Most of the studies reviewed focused on mental health problems. Limited evidence suggests that IDPs experience various health problems but more research is required to inform the provision of adequate and comprehensive healthcare services for this group of individualsItem Health problems and work conditions of printers in small-scale enterprises in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria(The Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health (JEnvOH), 2013) Omokhodion, F. O.; Cadmus, E. O.; Abirhire, A.; Bamgboye E. A.Background: Printers work in small scale enterprises located within residential and commercial areas of various cities in Nigeria with little regulation of work premises and work practices. Aims: A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the work conditions and health problems of printers. Methods: All printers at the workshops visited were interviewed after obtaining informed consent Socio- demographic characteristics, occupational hazards, current health problems and injuries were recorded. Printers' hands were examined for dermatitis. A check list was applied at each workshop to assess the work environment and welfare and safety facilities. Results: A total of 369 printers were interviewed in 224 workshops. Occupational hazards reported were sharp edges of machinery 210 (74%), chemicals 41(15%) and generator fitmes 33(1.6%). Sixty printers (16%) had work- related accidents in the year preceding the study. 'Finger caught in machine' accounted for 70%> of accidents. Injuries reported included lacerations, 49 (57%), bruises and cuts 45(52%) and finger nail torn off, 8 (9%). Current health problems were skin conditions reported by 21(5%), respiratory symptoms 46 (12%) predominantly sneezing, cough and runny nose, musculoskeletal disorders 103 (28%), predominantly low back pain, neurological symptoms, 60 (16 %) predominantly headaches and eye problems, 32 (9%) predominantly poor vision. Hand dermatitis was observed in 17(5%>) printers. Ventilation was inadequate in 100 (47%) workshops; 17 (8%) had first aid boxes and general housekeeping was poor in 33 (16%) workshops. Conclusions: Health education interventions, gloi’e use, first aid facilities, improvement of ventilation and general housekeeping are needed to address these problems.