FACULTY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
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Item Economics and environmental-health risk assessment for sustainable development of the gold mining industry in Nigeria(University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, Department of Engineering Management, 2024) Oyeranti, O.Though the gold mining industry potentially generates employment and increases Nigeria’s foreign exchange, the crude practices of artisanal miners often exacerbate environmental degradation and health hazards. Hence, humans face health risks when excessively exposed to the heavy metals released during gold mineralization. This study, therefore, adopts a descriptive approach towards suggesting a comprehensive economic evaluation and risk analysis for managing the impact of gold mining industry sustainably and bearing in mind people’s health that should equally be managed in a healthy and sustainable manner. A review of existing Environment-Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) studies on gold mining areas in Nigeria reveals that the estimated risk quotients are generally above recommended limits consequent upon inadequate enforcement of mining precautions. This study, therefore, argues that incorporating EHRA studies and considering economic costs and benefits of mining could provide an objective benchmark for managing various estimated health risk quotients and returns from more gold mining. For Nigeria’s, harnessing opportunities in the gold mining industry requires interdisciplinary drive that seeks to incorporate environmental-health risks into optimization of gold mining industry. Appropriate policy interventions will be expedient for gold mining industry to be less harmful and not constitute direct threat to sustainable development in Nigeria.Item Effect of carbon footprint on agricultural productivity in Nigeria: an empirical analysis(2024-05) Oyeranti, O. A.This study examines the relationship between carbon footprint (CFP) components and agricultural productivity in Nigeria, a critical area of investigation given the country's reliance on agriculture for economic stability, food security, and employment. Using time series data from 1990 to 2020, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the World Bank, this study analyzes the effect of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions on agricultural output. Employing Robust Least Square (RLS) regression and the Error Correction Model (ECM), the study finds that CO2 and CH4 emissions negatively affect agricultural productivity, with 1% increases in CO2 and CH4 emissions leading to approximate decreases in agricultural output by 2% and 3%, respectively. Conversely, a 1% increase in N2O emissions correlates with an 8% increase in agricultural output, attributed to the use of nitrogen- based fertilizers. The results confirm the presence of long-run equilibrium relationships among the variables, with approximately 32% of the previous year's disequilibrium corrected annually. The study's findings align with the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, suggesting that Nigeria is in the early stages of economic growth where environmental degradation is pronounced. These insights underscore the need for sustainable agricultural practices and effective carbon emission mitigation strategies to enhance food security and support economic growth in Nigeria.Item Interrogating the effects of carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions on life expectancy in Nigeria: an ARDL approach(2024) Oyeranti, O. A.This study examines the relationship between CO2 emissions and life expectancy in Nigeria, employing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyse both short-run and long-run effects. The study utilises data spanning from 1986 to 2020, focusing on C02 emissions from different sources—solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels—alongside economic growth indicators and government health expenditures. The findings reveal that CO2 emissions from all sources negatively affect life expectancy in both the short-run and long-run analyses, with emissions from solid and liquid fuels showing particularly strong adverse effects. Conversely, the study finds that higher GDP per capita and increased government health expenditure significantly enhance life expectancy, acknowledging the critical role of economic development and health funding in improving public health outcomes. The study confirms the necessity for comprehensive environmental policies aimed at reducing pollution and promoting cleaner energy alternatives. Additionally, it highlights the importance of economic policies that foster growth and health sector investments, suggesting these as dual avenues for enhancing the well-being and longevity of the Nigerian population. This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence of the direct and indirect effects of environmental and economic factors on public health. It offers valuable insights for policymakers on the importance of integrated strategies that address both environmental sustainability and economic development toward improving life expectancy in developing countries like Nigeria.Item Forest liquidation, rural agrarian poverty and growth in Nigeria(Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), Nigeria, 2021-12) Oyeranti, O. A.; Ishola, O. A.This paper assesses forest resource liquidation within the context of rural agrarian poverty and growth in Nigeria, using annual and quarterly data from 1990 to 2016, and 2001 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were employed to examine how forest resource utilisation is associated with rural agrarian poverty and economic growth. Findings revealed that forest resources have consistently been exploited in an unrestrained manner in the last 26 years, with shifting agriculture and urbanisation as major drivers. In addition, efforts to replenish these resources have not been sufficient enough to ensure their sustainability; thus the share of the forestry subsector has been extremely low. However, as forest depletion took place over time, rural agrarian poverty in Nigeria declined, due to the release of additional land that became available for crop and livestock production, thereby signifying the prevalence of a deep-rooted dichotomy between forest and agriculture in the country. The study recommends the replenishment of lost forest cover across the country, discouraging the primitive practice of shifting agriculture, ensuring balanced development to check rural urban drift, and the development of a national accounting system for the efficient management of forest resources.Item SOCIALCONSTRUCTION OF CORRUPTIONINNIGERIA(2023-08) NKPE,D.O.Globally, corruption threatens good governance, service delivery and the rule of law. In Nigeria, it undermines efficiency in organisations and institutions. Existing studies on corruption examined causes, measurement, consequences, prevalence and strategies for fighting corruption. However, scant attention has been paid to the social construction of corruption. This study was, therefore, designed to identify behaviours defined as corrupt activities; predisposing factors; strategies used to execute corrupt practices; factors that determine people’s receptivity to corruption; the role of the media in its construction; and how power relations moderate corrupt practices in Abuja.The social construction theory provided the framework, while a cross-sectional design was employed. Abuja was purposively selected based on the high concentration of federal ministries, departments and agencies. Three Area Councils (Abuja Municipal, Bwari and Gwagwalada) were randomly selected. Using Yamane’s (1967) sample size determination formula, 1300 respondents were sampled. Systematic sampling was used to proportionately administer a structured questionnaire to respondents (aged ≥18 years) in Abuja Municipal (438), Bwari (433) and Gwagwalada (429) councils. Twenty-one key informant interviews were conducted with two judges, six lawyers, six civil society groups’ officials, and seven community leaders. Thirty in-depth interviews (six with each group) were conducted with lecturers, politicians, contractors, procurement officers and commercial drivers. Nine focus group discussion sessions (three in each) were held with students, journalists and anti-graft agencies’ officials to examine the social construction of corruption. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square at p≤0.05 while the qualitative data were content-analysed.The respondents’ ages were 34.87±10.82 years, with 47.8% working in the public sector. The majority of the respondents (92.2%) defined certain behaviour – nepotism, conversion of public property to private use, diversion of public funds to unbudgeted projects – as highly corrupt activities. This was significantly related to age (x2=47.12), education (x2=29.86), occupation (x2=65.11) and income (x2=34.82). Greed (66.4%), poverty (22.5%) and weak laws (11.1%) predisposed people to corrupt behaviour. Ineffective law enforcement (48.6%) and loopholes in government financial systems (14.9%) made public office holders vulnerable to corruption. Distortion of financial records (98.5%), payment of ghost workers (98.5%) and charging unauthorised fees (97.9%) were strategies reported to be used to execute corruption. Gift-giving culture (86.8%) and payment of fines in lieu of a jail term by corrupt officials (93.6%) strongly determined people’s receptivity to corruption. Trivialisation of corrupt cases and biased reportage by the media during trials, due to fear of persecution of reporters, affected how society constructed corruption. When seeking public service, the person with less power was more inclined to offer a bribe than the one in a position of authority.Greed, poverty and shabby implementation of anti-corruption laws predisposed people to corrupt behaviour and influenced how they construct corruption. There is a need for relevant authorities to sensitise the public against patronising the culture of corruption.Item Diaspora grand-mothering in Nigeria(2022) Busari,D.A; Adebayo,K.OLeaving children in the care of grandparents is a fairly common practice in close knit societies such as Nigeria. This service of providing childcare by grandmothers is however taking a transnational form with the exportation of grandmothers from Nigeria to care for grandchildren whose parents, out of economic necessity, must work fulltime. This article explores the dynamics of Nigerian grandmothers providing childcare to grandchildren in the diaspora, using twenty-five grandmothers selected in Ibadan,Southwest Nigeria based on their experience of this phenomena. Study found that participants were motivated to undertake diaspora childcare out of empathy for the younger couples, the feeling of a sense of duty, perceived knowledge of childcare, selffulfilment, cultural norms, and the need to minimize the cost of childcare for couples in the diaspora. The sense of being ‘available’ played a significant role in participants’ decision to provide childcare abroad. The study equally showed that the practice had both emotional and social impact on the grandmothers involved. The research advances the significance of diaspora grandmother child care services as a critical part of the broader debate on companionship and gender roles in old age,especially in Africa, where elders remain key transmitters of societal norms and values.Item physical disability is a measure(Department of sociolgy,Osun State universtiy,Osogbo, 2020) Busari,D; Baruwa,LPhysical disability is a measurable limitation that interferes with a person's physical or rnental impairment that is long term or recurring and limits substantially their potentials of entry intp and advancement in employment. The degree of the limitation is often dependent on the form of impairment, as well as the resilience of both the individual and society. These variances in forms and adaptation modes constitute major problems faced by physically challenged students. Study examined resilience strategies adopted by students with physical disabilities ill tertiary institutions in Ibadan. Data collected using in-depth interviews from fifty student with physical disabilities, selected using purposive and snowballing sampling techniques and analysed thematically. Result indicated that institutional facilities or support put in placc: f o ~ students with physical disabilities in tertiary institutions are often inadequate, and at other times, entirely non-existent, forcing them to depend on the good will of non-disabled peers to get by.Item Transactional politics: the manifestations of the challenges of 'infrastructure of the stomach' and 'infrastructure for the stomach' in Nigeria(2020) Busari,DIn Nigeria, the politics of poverty and the poverty of politics seem to have coalesced to produce a phenomenon known as 'infrastructure of the stomach' in the polity. Infrastructure of the stomach is a politically induced lexicon that gives a diametrically opposed verdict of representation and empowerment. 'Stomach infrastructure' is a reality projected by the Nigerian politicians on the vulnerable electorate who for poverty are encouraged to mortgage their fundamental right of freedom to choose who governs them in exchange for immediate gratification in monetary, food, or other material terms. The literal import of the transactional terminology of 'stomach infrastructure' is the moving of the meaning of infrastructure out of the context of where it is normally found and linking it with the stomach instead. The contradiction generated by the contending forces of 'infrastructure of the stomach' and 'infrastructure for the stomach' is seemingly based on a play on words and plurality of ideologies that takes the meaning of infrastructure out of the context of where it is normally found, linking it instead with the stomach. But the source of its impact is not merely and only linguistic; more properly, it is socio-economic. This binary thinking and nuance dominate, dictate and energise the structure of the Nigeria electoral process; it is either a support for stomach infrastructure which invariably can stand for vote-buying or support for infrastructure of the stomach that may translate to theoverall development of the entire social structure and systemItem Megamalls and lifestyles of urban dwellers in selected cities in southwest, Nigeria(2021) Olonade,O.Y; Busari,D.A; Mattew,E; Imhonopi,D; Akinsaya,A.O; George,T.O; Femi,A.F; Adetunde,C.OThe globalization trend in the 21st century has come with tremendous impacts across the nations of the world. Notable among the impacts is the emergence of megamalls and people’s changing lifestyles, resulting in socio-economic and infrastructural development. This study examines megamalls as an offshoot of the globalization process and the changing urban landscape in many cities with their growing population in Nigeria. It focuses on examining the relationship between megamalls and urban dwellers’ lifestyles in Nigeria with implications on population and human infrastructure for sustainable development. The study was conducted in three main cities of Ibadan, Lagos, and Ota in Southwest Nigeria. The study employs a descriptive research design using quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) research instruments to elicit information on respondents’ views on shopping malls and how it has contributed to human infrastructure and urban centers’ development. The modernization theory was employed to provide a theoretical guide for the study. Findings show that megamalls, with their aesthetic and magnificent structures, have contributed immensely to the development of urban centers and their dwellers by beautifying the urban environment, sales of quality and affordable goods, and a place for social gatherings relaxation. Therefore, it was recommended that more megamalls be built to meet up with urban dwellers’ growing demands and attract more social development. (Afr J Reprod Health 2021; 25[5s]: 55-67).Item Determining the vulnerability of states in Nigeria to COVID-19(2020) Addie, O.; Taiwo, O.; Seun-Addie, K.The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been felt globally. However, against the backdrop of the uncertainties surrounding the pandemic, and the pronouncement of the World Health Organization that the virus may never go away, it has become pertinent for nations to identify and protect the most vulnerable of their citizens. This study determined the states with the highest vulnerability to the pandemic in Nigeria. The 2006 population data for each state of the federation was obtained from the National Population Commission (NPC) Nigeria, and was projected to the year 2020. Data on: Nigerians aged 60 years and older, the percentage population in the lowest and second wealth quantiles, percentage population without fixed handwashing and moderate handwashing facilities, and percentage population of male and female without exposure to mass media, were obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey report. Prevalence rates of High Blood Pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, and Asthma were extracted from literature. These were used to estimate a vulnerability score for each state of the federation and the Federal Capital Territory. Kebbi had the highest score (39.82), followed by Zamfara (39.27) and Sokoto (39.24), respectively. Osun (11.45), Abia (12.53), and Lagos (15.47), have the least scores, respectively. The most vulnerable geo-political zone was the Northwest, while the least vulnerable was the Southwest. Regression analysis was carried out to model the data. Appropriate steps should be taken to reduce likely mortalities due to high vulnerability to COVID-19 in the identified States.