Pharmaceutical Microbiology
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ibadanedu.com/handle/123456789/367
Browse
35 results
Search Results
Item Draft genome sequence of a bovine enterovirus isolate recovered from sewage in Nigeria(American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, 2018) Faleye, T. O. C.; Adewumi, O. M.; Olayinka, O. A.; Donbraye, E.; Oluremi, B.; George, U. E.; Arowolo, O. A.; Omoruyi, E. C.; Ifeorah, M. I.; Oyero, A. O.; Adenijia, J. A.We describe the draft genome of a bovine enterovirus (EV) isolate recovered from sewage in Nigeria. This isolate replicates on both RD and L20B cell lines but is negative for all EV screens in use by the Global Poliovirus Eradication Initiative (GPEI). It contains 7,368 nucleotides (nt) with 50.2% G + C content and an open reading frame (ORF) with 6,525 nt (2,174 amino acids).Item Draft genome sequence of mycoplasma arginini strain NGR_2017(American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, 2018-06) Adeniji, J. A.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Adewumi, O. M.; Olayinka, O. A.; Donbraye, E.; Oluremi, B; George, U. E.; Arowolo, O. A.; Omoruyi, E. C.; Ifeorah, M.; Akandeh, A.We present the draft genome of Mycoplasma arginini strain NGR_2017. This strain was recovered in Nigeria from cell culture in 2017. The assembly contains 620,555 bp in 12 contigs. It contains 561 coding sequences, 34 RNAs (29 tRNAs, 4 rRNAs, and 1 transfer-messenger RNA [tmRNA]), and a_26-kb integrative and conjugative element.Item Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of leaves and stem bark extracts of sarcocephalus latifolius(2018) Oluremi, B.; Oloche, J. J.; Fasusi, E. T.; Lawal, A. M.Sarcocephalus latifolius is reported to have a wide range of medicinal properties and it is commonly used in the treatment of malaria, hypertension, diarrhea, dysentery and dental problems. Considering its characteristics, it is important to identify the phytochemical constituents and further evaluate the antimicrobial activity. Thus, this study was designed to identify the phytochemical constituents and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the leaf and stem bark extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius on bacteria strains isolated from dental samples. The phytochemical compounds in leaf and stem bark extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius were analyzed using GC-QPMS. The mixture of bioactive compounds present in leaf and stem extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria for inhibition of growth using agar-cup-diffusion method. Results emerging from this study show that a total of 19 compounds and 25 compounds were identified from the leaf and stem bark extracts respectively. Decanoic acid, decanoic acid, benzene carboxylic acid and terpenes; phytol and farnesyl acetatewere identified to be the main constituents. Furthermore, the extracts at concentrations of 25-50 mg/ml inhibited the growth of bacteria isolates in a manner that is comparable to the standard antibiotic (p<0.05). The significant zones of inhibition of bacterial growth by leaf and stem extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius validates the use of extracts of Sarcocephalus latifolius in traditional medicine and as a promising source of antimicrobial agents.Item Molecular identity and cytotoxicity of Lenzites quercina macrofungus extracts toward cancer cell lines(2017) Ogidi, O. C.; Oyetayo, V. O.; Akinyele, B. J.; Ogbole, O. O.; Adeniji, J. A.; Oluremi B. B.The medicinal uses of wild macrofungi have been attributed to their accumulated bioactive compounds. Several mushrooms have been reported to possess antitumor activity, but little, in this regard, is known about Lenzites quercina collected from Akure in Nigeria. Hence, the molecular identification and cytotoxic activity of extracts obtained from raw and fermented Lenzites quercina were assessed. The macrofungus Lenzites quercina was identified using Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) sequence analysis. The basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyzed on NCBI GenBank data revealed that the Lenzites species from Nigeria – accession number, JF689829.1 – was closely related to Lenzites quercina (a 100% relationship match). The cytotoxic activity of raw and fermented Lenzites quercina extracts was tested against human cervical cancer (HeLa), rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and African green monkey kidney (VERO) cell lines. A tetrazolium yellow 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the reduction in viability of cell cultureswith or without the extracts of Lenzites quercina. Extracts of Lenzites quercina exhibited cytotoxic activity (6.0-84.5%) against the tested cancer cell lines (HeLa, VERO and RD). The concentration of the bioactive compounds in the crude extract ranged from 0.01 to 1000 μg/ml. The results revealed that bioactive compounds in Lenzites quercina possess cytotoxic properties. These bioactive compounds may be isolated and used as alternative therapies to currently available anticancer drugs.Item Anti-viral activity evaluation of selected medicinal plants of Nigeria against measles virus(Sciencedomain International, 2015) Oluremi, B. B.; Adeniji, J. A.This study was carried out as a preliminary investigation into selected medicinal plants of Nigeria with the aim of discovering and developing a drug with anti-measles virus activity as an alternative measure in disease control. Ten parts of seven plants (Diospyros barteri leaf, Xylopia aethiopica leaf and stem bark, Picralima nitida stem, Cajanus cajan, Argemone Mexicana, Morinda lucida, Uvaria chamae leaf, stem and root bark) were dried, powdered and extracted by cold maceration using absolute methanol, and maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of each extract to Vero cell was determined. The cytotoxic activity and ability of extracts to inhibit viral-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) in tissue culture were evaluated three days post-inoculation and incubation, by 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. Cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC50) and inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) were determined using graphpad prism, and selective index (SI) was calculated as ratio of CC50 to IC50. Out of the ten plant extracts screened, Xylopia aethiopica leaf extract with IC50 of 1.248 μg/mL, Uvaria chamae root and stem bark extracts with IC50 1.216 μg/mL and 3.281 μg/mL, respectively demonstrated significant in vitro anti-measles virus activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation and further screening of active extracts showed activity to reside in the hexane and dichloromethane fractions of X. aethiopica leaf and U. chamae root and stem barks. These results suggest that these two plants could possibly lead to anti-measles virus drug discovery and development.Item Effect of compression pressure, preservative, and storage with potassium chloride on the microbiological quality of tablets formulated with terminalia randii gum (combretaceae)(2012-10) Oluremi, B. B.; Bamiro, O. A.; Idowu, A. O.; Oduneye, O. A.Gums are used as binders in tablets and also as emulsion stabilisers, suspending agents and thickeners in syrups. The need for other natural gums apart from the conventional gums to be employed as binding agents in tablets formulation led to this study. A gum obtained from the incised trunk of Terminalia randii (Combretaceae) was evaluated for the effect of compression pressure, Methyl Paraben preservative and storage with Potassium Chloride, on the microbial load of tablets formulated with the gum. The microbial load was determined by surface spread method on the processed gum at suitable dilutions, and tablets formulated from the gum at different compression pressures. The formulated tablets were evaluated for microbial load, also when stored in Potassium Chloride for 8 and 12 weeks with and without preservation with 1% Methyl Paraben. In each case the compressed tablets were incubated in 0.1% peptone water as control. The microbial load recorded reflected generally, reduction in microbial counts in tablets formulated with the gum as a binder both in terms of compression at different pressures and when the different compression pressures were associated with or without 1% Methyl Paraben in the presence of Potassium Chloride. Comparatively, the processed gum showed higher microbial load than the pressure compressed tablets. Besides the different compression pressures, duration of storage was also found to cause reduction of microbial load, particularly in the formulated tablets compressed with Methyl Paraben stored in Potassium Chloride such that after 8 weeks, the microbial load was zero. The studies showed that compression pressures and duration of storage caused marked reduction in microbial load of the tablets formulated with the processed gum of Terminalia randii as a binder.Item Antibiotic susceptibility of common bacterial pathogens in urinary tract infections in a teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria(Academic Journals, 2011-10) Oluremi, B. B.; Idowu, A. O.; Olaniyi, J. F."Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and a major cause of morbidity. However, the aetiology of UTI and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns vary from time to time and across different areas. This study determines the frequently isolated UTI bacteria from inpatients and out-patients of a Teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Sixty (60) bacterial isolates from urine of patients with significant bacteriuria in UTI were collected and evaluated for their antibiotic sensitivity using modified Kirby-Bauer method. UTI was frequently encountered in females (61.7%) and older patients (50%). 55% of the isolates were from in-patients. The most common etiological organisms of UTI were Esherichia coli (46.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.3%), Klebsiella spp (13.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.3%) and Proteus spp (6.7%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found only among hospital isolates while Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from females only. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern revealed that the Enterobacteriaceae were highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (71.4 to 75%) while Nitrofurantoin demonstrated the best activity against S. aureus isolates (100%) in both community and hospital acquired UTI. All the isolates exhibited high degree of resistance to Augmentin and amoxicillin. High rate of multi-drug resistance was recorded among all isolates. In view of the increasing rate of resistance of UTI pathogens to commonly used antibiotics, rational prescription and use of antibiotics is advocated."Item Incidence and susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates from pus producing infection to antibiotics and Carica papaya seed extract(Academic Journals, 2011-02) Idowu, A. O.; Oluremi, B. B.; Seidu, N. I."The prevalence of bacterial pathogens isolated from pus producing infections (wound, eye and ear) randomly collected from the Medical Microbiology Laboratory of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria was determined. Their susceptibility to selected antibiotics and Carica papaya seed extracts was investigated. Bacterial pathogen identity was confirmed based on standard methods which included, Gram stain reaction, colonial morphology on media, lactose fermentation, catalase,oxidase,coagulase and indole tests. The antibiogram was carried out using standard disc agar diffusion method employing commercially prepared antibiotic disc (Abtek Limited) of amoxycillin (25mcg), co-trimoxazole (25 mcg), nitrofurantoin (300 mcg), gentamicin (10 mcg), nalidixic acid (30 mcg),ofloxacin (30 mcg), augmentin (30 mcg) and tetracycline (10 mcg). A total of 58 isolates were obtained out of which 31 were from wound, 12 from ear and 15 from eye. 41 of the isolates were recovered from adults, while 17 were from children. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most common organism recovered (51.7%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (11%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%),Proteus spp. (6.9%) and Escherichia coli (3.4%). From wound swabs, S. aureus isolates was the highest (51.6%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (22.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus spp. (9.7% each) and E. coli (6.45%). In ear infection, P. aeruginosa accounted for 58.3%, S. aureus 25%, while Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. accounted for 16.6% each. In eye infection, S. aureus and Klebsiella spp. were more frequently isolated with 73.3 and 20%, respectively. The antibiogram studies showed that all the organisms were highly sensitive to ofloxacin as follows: S. aureus (80%), Klebsiella spp. (100%), P. aeruginosa (100%), Proteus spp. (100%) and E. coli (100%) while P. aeruginosa (63.6%), S. aureus (76.6%) and E. coli (100%) were sensitive to gentamicin and Klebsiella spp. (18.2%) and Proteus spp. (25%) were resistant. The organisms were resistant to all the other antibiotics tested namely: amoxycillin, co-trimoxazole, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic, augmentin and tetracycline. C. papaya extract showed antimicrobial activity which compared favourably with the commercial antibiotic discs against the Gram positive and negative bacteria tested, except Klebsiella spp. The highest activity was demonstrated against P. aeruginosa."Item Bacteriological analysis of well water samples in sagamu(2011-05) Idowu, A. O.; Oluremi, B. B.; Odubawo, K. M.Majority of the population in semi-urban and urban areas of Nigeria depend on wells as their source of water supply. Due to increasing cases of water-borne diseases in recent times, this study was carried out to examine the microbial quality of well water in Sagamu, Nigeria as a way of safeguarding public health against water borne diseases. Water samples from a total of forty wells, covered and uncovered from four different locations of varying socio economic and demographic status were assessed for their bacteriological quality using serial dilution to obtain total bacteria count and the multiple tube fermentation technique to determine the coliform count using the most probable number method. Positive tubes of the presumptive test were further cultured on appropriate solid media. The organisms isolated were further characterized using standard procedures. The result of the study revealed that all the wells were grossly contaminated with bacteria pathogens such as Klebsiella spp (95%), Escherichia coli (72%) and Salmonella typhi (32.5%). Comparatively, the uncovered wells were more highly contaminated with bacteria pathogens than the covered well especially in the highly populated areas. All the water samples exceeded the standard limit of the most probable number (MPN) per 100ml set for untreated drinking water. This result highlight the fact that most well water in Sagamu metropolis are not safe microbiologically for drinking without additional treatment such as boiling or disinfection and this could lead to outbreak of water borne diseases. Good and proper environmental and personal hygiene must be maintained especially by the users of those wells to prevent their contamination with bacterial pathogens.Item Comparative assessment of antibacterial activity of uvaria chamae parts(Academic Journals, 2010) Oluremi, B. B.; Osungunna, M. O.; Omafuma, O. O.Methanolic extracts of the root, stem and leaf of Uvaria chamae were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, and typed strains E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 using standard agar diffusion method at 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. In general, the stem bark extract inhibited the growth of all the tested organisms with leaf extract showing the least antibacterial activity. The MIC of methanolic stem extract on E. coli, MRSA, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were 5.62, 12.59, 200, 35.48, 28.18, 5.62 and 19.95 mg/ml respectively while that of root extract with the exclusion of Klebsiella spp were 31.62, 10.0, 3.55 2.82, 12.59 and 39.81 mg/ml respectively. Methanolic leaf extract was found to have MIC 200, 19.95, 250, 250, 250 and 200 mg/ml respectively with no MIC value against P. aeruginosa.