Virology
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Item Serological markers of HBV infection: A community-based study of urban dwellers in Southwest Nigeria(African Society for Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2020) Akere, A.; Omoruyi, E. C.; Adewumi, M. O.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Ifeorah, I. M.; Bakarey, A. S.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Dafikpaku, I. N.; Oni, O. E.; Tomo, O. V.; Akinola, A. O.; Onyenucheya, A. G.; Adeniji, J. A.Background and Aim: Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been a major public health issue. In sub-Saharan Africa, about 10–20% of the general population are chronic carriers of HBV infection, making it a high endemic region. This study was designed to evaluate the pattern of distribution of markers of HBV among asymptomatic subjects in an urban community in southwest Nigeria. Methodology: The study was carried out among apparently healthy subjects without prior knowledge of their HBV status. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and relevant information, while ELISA kits were used to detect HBsAg/Ab, HBeAg/Ab, Total anti-HBc, and anti-HBc IgM using the participants’ sera. Results: The results of 438 subjects comprising 133 (30.4%) males and 305 (69.6%) females were analysed, age ranged 1.5–70 years (35.7 ± 15.7 years). Overall, 31 (7.1%) of the participants had detectable HBsAg, 2 (6.5%) and 7 (1.6%) subjects had detectable HBeAg and anti-HBc IgM respectively. Anti-HBs was detected in 83 (18.9%) subjects, while 39 (8.9%) had anti-HBe. Of the HBsAg positive participants, 13 (3.2%) were also positive for both anti-HBc IgM and HBeAg, 25 (80.6%) had anti-HBe, while 3 (9.7%) had only anti-HBc IgM. None of them had anti-HBs. Among those who were HBsAg negative, 83 (20.4%) had anti-HBs as the only serological marker, while 313 (76.9%) had no serological markers of HBV infection. Only 145 of the total population were tested for anti-HBc Total, of whom 65 (44.8%) were positive. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the burden of HBV infection in the population studied. There is therefore the need for more awareness through information programmes to the public and for preventive measures through vaccination programmes.Item Profiles of Hepatitis B Virus Serological Markers among Asymptomatic Population in Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria(SciTechnol, 2017) Bakarey, A. S.; Ifeorah, I. M.; Adewumi, M. O.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Akere, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Uttah, C. C.; Oketade, M. A.; Adeniji, J. A.Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is apparent in endemic countries affecting millions of people. Further, the asymptomatic nature of the pathogen is a major public health concern. This study was designed to assess the burden of HBV by exploring the serologic markers of infection among consenting asymptomatic community dwellers in two cities in southeastern Nigeria. A total of 405 blood specimens were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, total anti-HBc and anti-HBc-IgM using ELISA technique. Overall, 14(3.5%) of the participants had detectable HBsAg out of which 1 (7.1%) had HBeAg and 13, anti-HBe. Two of the HBsAg positives (14.3%) had detectable anti-HBc-IgM. A total of 144 (35.5%) had detectable anti-HBc, even as 65 (57.0%) of them had the marker as the only serologic evidence of HBV exposure. Thirty-seven (9.1%) participants had anti-HBs only although all of them were born before the start of the childhood HBV vaccination. Altogether, 224 (57.3%) had no detectable serological markers of HBV infection or immunity and were obviously at risk ofHBV infection. This study described various patterns of HBV serologic markers of infection in the study population and probable risk of viru spread. Our results support the need for urgent intervention and implementation of measures to control the spread of HBV infection in Nigeria.