Virology

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Author: search.filters.author.George, U. E.Subject: search.filters.subject.HBV

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    Circulation of hepatitis B virus genotype-E among outpatients in tertiary hospitals in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria
    (African Journals Online (AJOL), 2022) Umego, C. F.; Mboto, C. I.; Asitok, A. D.; Osaji, L. C.; George, U. E.; Edet, U. O.; Mbim, E. N.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Adewumi, O. M.; Adeniji, J. A.
    Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a significant public health challenge globally, with higher disease burden in developing countries. HBV genotypes are associated with different geographical regions and clinical outcomes. Limited information exists on epidemiology of HBV in the Niger-Delta region (South-South) of Nigeria. Consequently, this study was designed to characterise hepatitis B virus infection among outpatients in selected tertiary hospitals in the region. Methodology: Between June and August 2017, consenting nine hundred asymptomatic out-patients were enrolled and initially screened for HBV infection using one step Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) strip and subsequently re-tested using HBsAg and Hepatitis B core total antibody (anti-HBc) specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Blood serum with detectable HBsAg were subsequently subjected to DNA extraction, S-gene amplification using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol, gel electrophoresis, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Seroprevalence of HBsAg was 4.6% (95% CI 2.5-7.1) and anti-HBc was 10.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.1-15.3). Of the 41 HBsAg positive samples subjected to DNA extraction and HBV S-gene specific PCR, only 6 (14.6%) yielded the expected ~408bp band. Phylogenetic analysis based on HBV pre-S/S sequences identified all six typable samples as genotype E, subtype ayw4 of the West African clade. Conclusion: Results of the study confirm the presence and circulation of HBV genotype-E in the Niger-Delta region of Nigeria, thus corroborating the inclusion of the country in the Genotype E crescent. The authors advocate value-added HBV intervention in the region and the country at large.
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    Prevalence of hepatitis b virus (HBV) basal core promoter/precore region molecular variants among HIV/HBV co-infected and HBV mono-infected patients in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
    (Medwin Publishers, 2021) Osasona, O. G.; Boudarene, L.; Fasoro, O. A.; George, U. E.; Oguzie, J.; Ariyo, O. E.; Olumade, T. J.; Adeniyi, A.; Adewumi, O. M.; Adeniji, J. A
    Introduction: Evolution of phenotypic diversity among viruses occurs as an escape mechanism against host immune pressure or drug selective pressure. Among HIV/HBV co-infected individuals, various HBV basal core promoter (BCP)/precore (PC) region molecular mutants had been reported with associated phenotypic defect in HBeAg production. The emergence of HBeAg negative variants of HBV in HIV co-infected individuals have profound implication on the diagnosis, management and prognosis of this subset of individuals. This includes delayed clearance of HBV, early development of adverse hepatic events such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, little is known about HBV BCP/PC region genomic heterogeneity in HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was focused on investigating evidence of precore/core region genomic variability among HIV/HBV co-infected patients in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 patients (20 HIV/HBV co-infected and 20 HBV mono-infected samples) were enrolled into the study and subsequently tested for HBsAg, HBeAg and HBeAb using specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The BCP/PC genome regions (nucleotides 1653-1959) were amplified using a nested PCR assay and then subjected to BCP/PC mutational analysis in genome sites affecting HBeAg expression especially at the BCP transcriptional and PC Translational stop codon sites. Results: Overall, 5 (83.3%) of the six exploitable sequences after analysis showed various BCP/PC mutations. Only 1(16.6%) sequence from an HIV/HBV co-infected patient had the BCP transcriptional (double mutation; A1762T/G1764A) mutant. Analysis of the PC translational stop codon showed 4 (66.6%) having the G1896A mutants while 33.3% (2) had G1899A mutants. Conclusion: This study has broadened the available evidence of BCP/PC region molecular mutants among HIV/HBV coinfected patients in Nigeria and assessed the difference of mutation prevalence in comparison with HBV mono-infected cohort.