Virology
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Item Patterns of serologic markers of hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of transmission among pregnant women in southwestern Nigeria(Taylor & Francis, 2017) Ifeorah, I. M.; Bakarey, A. S.; Adewumi, M. O.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Akere, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Uttah, C. C.; Oketade, M. A.; Adeniji, J. A.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health concern in developing countries that has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Vertical transmission of HBV from mother to child has been identified as a major factor leading to chronicity with attendant liver conditions, especially in poor socioeconomic settings. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of serological HBV markers among pregnant women in Ibadan southwestern Nigeria and to determine the implications for perinatal HBV transmission. This study revealed the presence of varied HBV serological patterns of infection or immunity among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria, and thus the risk of mother to child transmission.Item High Prevalence of Anti-HCV Antibodies Among Pregnant Women in Southwestern Nigeria(IISTE, 2017) Japhet, M. O.; Donbraye, E.; Adesina, O. A.; Adewumi, M. O.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. While universal screening for other blood-borne viruses (BBVs) such as HIV and HBV among pregnant women is recommended in Nigeria, no such recommendation exist for HCV in the country. Despite recently developed direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) to cure HCV at high rates and at very high cost, the absence of an HCV vaccine or approved therapy during pregnancy makes prevention of vertical transmission impossible at the moment. Using a commercially available enzyme linked immunoassay technique, prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was determined among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Southwestern Nigeria. Of the 273 serum samples obtained from the pregnant women 9.5% was positive for anti-HCV antibody. There were differences in anti-HCV prevalence by age and locality. Results of the study confirm endemicity of HCV among pregnant women in the country, consequently, we advocate free screening, among other essential measures for HCV intervention in Nigeria.Item Detection of hepatitis B virus isolates with mutations associated with immune escape mutants among pregnant women in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria(Springer, 2015) Faleye, T .O. C.; Adewumi, M. O.; Ifeorah, I. M.; Omoruyi, E. C.; Bakarey, S. A.; Akere, A.; Awokunle, F.; Ajibola, H. O.; Makanjuola, D. O.; Adeniji, J. A.Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its associated immune escape mutants (IEMs), is the major vehicle through which a population of chronically infected people who serve as infectious HBV reservoirs is maintained in communities. Therefore, to assess the risk of perinatal transmission, 272 pregnant women attending ante-natal clinics in Ibadan metropolis, southwestern, Nigeria, were screened for HBsAg using ELISA technique. Samples positive for HBsAg were subjected to HBV DNA detection by PCR amplification of the S-gene and amplicon sequencing. Isolates were genotyped and subtyped using a combination of molecular techniques. Fifteen (5.5%) of the pregnant women were positive for HBsAg of which HBV DNA was detected in seven. Five of the isolates were typed as genotype E subtype ayw4 using amino acid residues at positions 122, 127, 134 and 160. Another could only be typed as genotype E subtype ayw4 by further phylogenetic analysis. The remaining one isolate did not belong to any of genotypes A – H. Three of the HBV isolates including the untypable, had mutations in the ‘a’ determinant associated with IEMs. This study confirms the endemicity of HBV, the risk of perinatal transmission and the circulation of genotype E subtype ayw4 in Nigeria. It further demonstrates the presence of IEMs in Nigeria