Virology

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Serological markers

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    Serological markers of HBV infection: A community-based study of urban dwellers in Southwest Nigeria
    (African Society for Clinical and Experimental Microbiology, 2020) Akere, A.; Omoruyi, E. C.; Adewumi, M. O.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Ifeorah, I. M.; Bakarey, A. S.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Dafikpaku, I. N.; Oni, O. E.; Tomo, O. V.; Akinola, A. O.; Onyenucheya, A. G.; Adeniji, J. A.
    Background and Aim: Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been a major public health issue. In sub-Saharan Africa, about 10–20% of the general population are chronic carriers of HBV infection, making it a high endemic region. This study was designed to evaluate the pattern of distribution of markers of HBV among asymptomatic subjects in an urban community in southwest Nigeria. Methodology: The study was carried out among apparently healthy subjects without prior knowledge of their HBV status. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and relevant information, while ELISA kits were used to detect HBsAg/Ab, HBeAg/Ab, Total anti-HBc, and anti-HBc IgM using the participants’ sera. Results: The results of 438 subjects comprising 133 (30.4%) males and 305 (69.6%) females were analysed, age ranged 1.5–70 years (35.7 ± 15.7 years). Overall, 31 (7.1%) of the participants had detectable HBsAg, 2 (6.5%) and 7 (1.6%) subjects had detectable HBeAg and anti-HBc IgM respectively. Anti-HBs was detected in 83 (18.9%) subjects, while 39 (8.9%) had anti-HBe. Of the HBsAg positive participants, 13 (3.2%) were also positive for both anti-HBc IgM and HBeAg, 25 (80.6%) had anti-HBe, while 3 (9.7%) had only anti-HBc IgM. None of them had anti-HBs. Among those who were HBsAg negative, 83 (20.4%) had anti-HBs as the only serological marker, while 313 (76.9%) had no serological markers of HBV infection. Only 145 of the total population were tested for anti-HBc Total, of whom 65 (44.8%) were positive. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the burden of HBV infection in the population studied. There is therefore the need for more awareness through information programmes to the public and for preventive measures through vaccination programmes.
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    Profiles of Hepatitis B Virus Serological Markers among Asymptomatic Population in Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria
    (SciTechnol, 2017) Bakarey, A. S.; Ifeorah, I. M.; Adewumi, M. O.; Faleye, T. O. C.; Akere, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Ogunwale, A. O.; Uttah, C. C.; Oketade, M. A.; Adeniji, J. A.
    Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is apparent in endemic countries affecting millions of people. Further, the asymptomatic nature of the pathogen is a major public health concern. This study was designed to assess the burden of HBV by exploring the serologic markers of infection among consenting asymptomatic community dwellers in two cities in southeastern Nigeria. A total of 405 blood specimens were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, total anti-HBc and anti-HBc-IgM using ELISA technique. Overall, 14(3.5%) of the participants had detectable HBsAg out of which 1 (7.1%) had HBeAg and 13, anti-HBe. Two of the HBsAg positives (14.3%) had detectable anti-HBc-IgM. A total of 144 (35.5%) had detectable anti-HBc, even as 65 (57.0%) of them had the marker as the only serologic evidence of HBV exposure. Thirty-seven (9.1%) participants had anti-HBs only although all of them were born before the start of the childhood HBV vaccination. Altogether, 224 (57.3%) had no detectable serological markers of HBV infection or immunity and were obviously at risk ofHBV infection. This study described various patterns of HBV serologic markers of infection in the study population and probable risk of viru spread. Our results support the need for urgent intervention and implementation of measures to control the spread of HBV infection in Nigeria.
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    Hepatitis B Core IgM antibody (anti-HBcIgM) among Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) negative blood donors in Nigeria
    (Springer Nature, 2011) Japhet, M. O.; Adesina, O. A.; Donbraye, E.; Adewumi, M. O.
    Background: Transfusion associated Hepatitis B virus (TAHBV) continues to be a major problem despite mandatory screening for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg). Presence of HBsAg is the common method for detecting hepatitis B infection. Unfortunately, this marker is not detected during the window period of the infection. Nigeria being a developing country cannot afford DNA testing of all collected units of blood which serve as the only possibility of achieving zero risk of transfusion associated HBV. Five different serological makers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were therefore assessed to evaluate the reliability of using HBsAg marker alone in diagnosis of HBV infection among blood donors and to detect the serological evidence of the infection at the window period. This will preclude the possibility of transmitting hepatitis B through transfusion of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative blood in Nigeria. Methods: Between July and August 2009, 92 blood donors were enrolled for the study. The prevalence of 5 different markers of Hepatitis B virus infection was detected using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Demographic factors were assessed during the study.Results: HBsAg and its antibody (anti-HBs) was detected in 18 (19.6%) and 14(15.2%) of the 92 blood donors respectively. Anti-HBc IgM was found in 12(13.0%) of the 92 blood donors while Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) were detected in 4(8.9%) and 12(26.7%) respectively from 45 donors sampled. HBeAg is a marker of high infectivity and appears after HBsAg. At least one serological marker was detected in 30(32.6%) of the blood donors. Five (5.4%) of the 92 donors had anti-HBc IgM as the only serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Conclusions: The result of this study shows that five donors have anti-HBcIgM as the only serological evidence of HBV infection. Inclusion of anti-HBcIgM in routine screening of blood donors in Nigeria should be encouraged. This is the first study to assess anti-HBcIgM in the country.