Communication & Language Arts
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Item Taking their destiny in their hands: Social media, youth participation and the 2015 political campaigns in Nigeria(UNISA Press, 2018) Onyechi, N. J.The issue of youth participation in political activities, including campaigns, has dominated scholarly discourse across the globe. The youth’s seeming apathy towards politics has continued to resonate among researchers, policy makers and other stakeholders. However, the emergence of social media has opened up new frontiers for citizens, especially for youths who are known to be social media savvy, to engage in political participation. This study investigated the relationship between social media use and University of Ibadan students’ participation during Nigerian political campaigns in 2015. Anchored on the uses and gratification theory, the study used a survey and focus group discussions (FGD) as the research design. Respondents, systematically selected (N = 588) took part in the survey while discussants, purposively selected (N = 24) participated in the FGD. Results revealed that cognitive, social and tension-free needs were motivations for using social media during the 2015 political campaigns by the respondents. Results also showed that there is a significant relationship between social media exposure patterns and students’ participation during the 2015 political campaigns. These results provide an important window of understanding on the relationship between social media use and political participation amongst Nigerian university students and have implications for the political development of Nigeria.Item Facebooking ethnicity in the political storytelling of Nigerians(Department of Communication and Language Arts, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2016) Egbunike, N.; Onyechi, N. J.After the so-called “Arab Spring”, the capacity of social networking sites to change communicative spaces and political landscapes has been studied with increased attention. The #OccupyNigeria Protests and #BringBackOurGirls campaigns manifested the influence of social media on civic engagement of Nigerians. On the other hand, Nigeria as an ethnic fault line state has experienced political tensions of brutish magnitude that have hindered nation building as well. However there is paucity of scholarly investigations that peer into the influence of social media mediated political storytelling in enhancing ethnic stereotypes or galvanizing ethnic cohesion within the context of nation building. This paper investigated the influence of ethnicity on political storytelling of Nigerians on Facebook. This study employed survey by administering online open-ended questionnaires to respondents. Data suggests that respondents' political storytelling was not affected by the ethnicity of their Facebook friends. Findings also showed that the political storytelling of their friends on Facebook was laden with ethnocentrism and that Facebook mediated political storytelling promotes ethnic stereotypes. The findings were discussed based on the meso- storytelling proposition of the Communication Infrastructure Theory, notions of nation building in the African context and reviewed literature on social media.Item Nature of tweets in the 2015 Nigerian presidential elections(IGI Global, 2015) Egbunike, N. A.; Ihebuzor, N.; Onyechi, N.Social media is becoming increasingly important as a means for social engagement. In Nigeria, Twitter is employed to convey opinion and make commentaiy on matters ranging from football to politics. Tweets are also used to inform, advocate, recruit and even incite. Previous slttdies have shown that Twitter could be effective for political mobilization. However, there is dearth of research on how Twitter has been used as a purveyor of neutral and/or hate speech in the Nigerian context. This study examined the nature of tweets in the immediate aftermath of the 2015 presidential election in Nigeria. The authors employed content analysis of 250 purposiveiy selected tweets from the #Jgbo hashlag which trended between March 29 and 31, 20! .5. The tweets were then categorized into five explicit hate and one neutral tweet category respectively. Results revealed the dominance of three hate tweet types: derogatoty, mocking and blaming. These findings were then discussed bearing in mind earlier theories on the functionality of tweets and voting patterns from an analysis of the election results.Item Listening and Academic Learning: A Survey of Listening Skills among Undergraduates in Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria(2018) Elegbe, O.; Bolaji, O. OStudies have shown that institutions of higher learning in Nigeria pay more attention to reading and writing than listening which has led to undergraduates' experiencing low academic learning. It is against this backdrop that this the study examined the influence of listening skill in student's academic performance. Employing the survey technique and Focus Group Discussions to gather data from a private institution, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria evidence shows students adopting informative listening type for academic study, 76.6% of the respondents affirmed that they adopted the listening skills to understand the general idea of the subject than they do to knowing the detail information which however is not sufficient for thorough academic performance while Pearson Con-elation between listening and academic performance was significant(r=.71,/?<.05) which shows the importance of listening to students' academic performance. There is need for students to combine analytical and critical listening with informative listening to enhance their academic performance.Item Persuasive Rhetoric in Goodluck Jonathan’s 2011 Presidential Political Campaign Advertisements in Nigeria(2016) Elegbe, O.; Okon, B . E.This study explored the rhetorical appeals expressed in Goodluck Jonathan's 2011 presidential political adverts and their influence on voting decisions of Nigerian voters during the election. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were employed for data gathering and analysis. The multistage and simple random sampling techniques were used to delineate Ibadan North Local Government into wards and to select two communities, while the purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents of voting age, those who could recall the presidential political adverts and who also voted for Jonathan during the 2011 presidential elections. Data were gathered from three hundred and nine (309) participants' duly completed copies of the questionnaire and structured interviews conducted with a political activist and a media practitioner. Survey data were analysed through simple percentages and Pearson correlation, while the video advertisements were analysed using the rhetorical parameters: ethos, pathos and logos. Respondents have positive perception of Goodluck Jonathan's personality in the adverts which influenced their decision to vote him as president in 2011. Goodluck Jonathan's credibility, as shown in the adverts, significantly influenced the voters' emotion (pathos) (r = 0.469; p<0.05) and their sense of reasoning (logic) (r = 0.624; p<0.05) in voting him. The logical appeal in the adverts significantly influenced voters more than the emotional appeal (p<0.05). There is no significant difference in genders' perceptions about Jonathan's political adverts. Hence, there is need to further explore the use of rhetoric in political advertising in order to design appropriate strategies backed with appropriate messages that will persuade the audience for a reciprocal action.Item Students' Preference and Purchasing Decision through Mobile Network Advertisements(2015) Elegbe, O.Studies in advertising show that although television advertisements and product placements introduce viewers to products or act as a reminder, many times consumers make their purchase through another medium. Employing media dependency theory, the study adopted the survey research method using quantitative and qualitative data gathering methods. 400 students of Polytechnic Ibadan were sampled for the survey questionnaire while focus group discussions were held with other students of the institution. Quantitative data were analysed using frequency count and T-test while qualitative data were coded with relevant issues selected to support the findings. There is a significant correlation between mobile television advertisements and consumer purchasing decision (Pearson=.622, p<002). This means that the more mobile network advertisements people watch, the more likely there is an influence in their choice of mobile network products and sendees at the point of purchase. The use of music, slogans and drama serves as aesthetics in influencing respondents through advertisement messages; hence they see the advertisements as captivating, true, informative, educative, entertaining and convincing. This implies that television advertisement is productive in influencing consumers' decision, hence mobile network service providers need to be more creative and strategic in placing advertisements on television due to high competition within the industry.Item Smartphones usage among undergraduates of university of ibadan: an implication for academic learning(Communication Studies Forum (CSF) Department of Mass Communication, Faculty of Arts, University of Nigeria, Nsukka., 2015) Elegbe, O.; Dada, T . O.There is a new revolution regarding the use of information communication technologies (ICTs) among undergraduate students in Nigeria with regard to smartphones application to academic learning. Colligan (2012), in a survey on smartphones users reported that some youths spend close to 6 hours or more on their phone in one day. Hence, to what extent could smartphones contribute to students ’ academic learning. This study used the qualitative and quantitative methods of research with the questionnaire and focus group discussion guides as instruments to gather relevant information for the study. Five hundred (500) male and female undergraduate students from various departments in the University of Ibadan who are smartphones users were selected for the survey questionnaire while Focus Group Discussion sessions were held with selected students on their perception of smartphones usage as a learning device among students in the university community. Findings reveal that majority of the students reported frequent use of applications such as Dictionary (91%), Face book (88.6%), 2go (88%), Twitter (82%), YouTube (78.8%), Whatsapp (60.4) and Linkedln (54.6%) on their smartphones device. Findings also show that an appreciable proportion of the respondents (22.2%) spend 1 hour a day on reading/downloading academic applications like PDF articles/journals on smartphones. Students reported the usage of smartphones for academic purpose with 91% stating that the use of smartphones has reduced their dependency on computer-based learning and 83% use their smartphones to look up words in the dictionary application. Further findings from the t-test reveal a significant influence of gender on smartphones use among students (p<0.01). Though the female students were reported as using more smartphones than their male counterpart (t (498) = -9.62, p<01), more male students use academic-oriented applications on their smartphones than their female counterpart whose use are more for socializing. This study has established that the smartphone is a useful device that can enhance academic learning among undergraduate students hence it should be encouraged in order to promote new dimension of information communication technologies (ICTs) in the emerging generation of educational development in developing countries.Item Trends in media framing of industrial crises reporting: implication for media research in Nigeria(2019) Adeyemo, J. A.; Elegbe, O.There has been a scholarly argument among media researchers on how best media analysts should study media perspectives on industrial crisis reporting with reference to research methods, theoretical perspectives and methods of data analysis. Content analysis and meta-analytical approach were employed to gather data from published scholarly articles and theses accessed online. One hundred and fifteen (115) studies were content analyzed, collated and identified based on those that focused their issues on media framing of labour crisis. Evidence from the studies analysed shows that the content analysis and in-depth interviews were predominantly adopted for media representations of industrial crisis, the mixed method research were adopted for data collection while media framing, agenda setting and the priming theories were mostly adopted by most of the studies. It is recommended that studies should employ critical discourse analysis to compliment researchers’ effort to examine how different ideological stances are mediated in the media to reflect social-political dominance, inequality and class struggle that characterize industrial crisis.Item Gender politics and silences on rape in the Nigerian films “tango with me” and “code of silence"(2019) Omoera, O. S.; Elegbe, O.; Doghudje, R. V.Current statistics indicate that about two in fifty cases of rape are reported in Nigeria, and the percentage of reported cases has continued to reduce over the years in spite of the observed consistent increase in the number of rape incidents. The burden of rape is more on women who do not have power balance with men to propagate or prosecute a majority of cases. The long silence of women due to the lack of support from male folk shows some kind of gender politics behind rape. Hence, the stigma associated with rape continues to discourage women from reporting rape cases. However, this issue has been continuously explored in many Nigerian (Nollywood) films. But to what extent have Nollywood films contributed to the mobilization of the Nigerian populace toward reducing incidences of rape in Nigeria? Using the framing theory of the media, this article examined two Nigerian films, Tango with Me (dir. Mahmood Ali-Balogun, 2012) and Code of Silence (dir. Emem Isong, 2015), which were purposively selected due to their storylines on rape. The movies were content analysed to highlight the role that men and women play, and the views of society towards rape incidences. The study also examined the gender roles vis-à-vis the stigma and trauma experiences of the victims (mainly the women) and the punishment meted out to the perpetrators of rape. Findings indicated that there is a code of silence; consequently, rape victims (mainly women) are not encouraged to speak out, for fear of losing their mental wellbeing and social status in society. The role of women in rape is passive and submissive to the dictates of a society which valorises patriarchy while the role of men shows aggressive and unrepentant behaviour, which society hardly punishes. The conclusion reached is that Nollywood content producers should help to raise the level of Nigerians’ awareness through their productions to make rape victims see the need to promptly report rape incidents, so that offenders can be punished, and deterrents can begin to emerge.Item Listening and academic learning: a survey of listening skills among undergraduates in Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria(Department of Communication and Language Arts, Faculty of Arts, University of Ibadan,, 2018) Elegbe, O.; Oyinkansola, O. B.Studies have shown that institutions of higher learning in Nigeria pay more attention to reading and writing than listening which has led to undergraduates' experiencing low academic learning. It is against this backdrop that this the study examined the influence of listening skill in student's academic performance. Employing the survey technique and Focus Group Discussions to gather data from a private institution, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria evidence shows students adopting informative listening type for academic study, 76.6% of the respondents affirmed that they adopted the listening skills to understand the general idea of the subject than they do to knowing the detail information which however is not sufficient for thorough academic performance while Pearson Con-elation between listening and academic performance was significant(r=.71, p<.05) which shows the importance of listening to students' academic performance. There is need for students to combine analytical and critical listening with informative listening to enhance their academic performance.