Psychiatry
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ibadanedu.com/handle/123456789/535
Browse
14 results
Search Results
Item A community-based intervention for improving utilization of medical services by rape survivors in refugee camps in Zambia(2019) Oladeji, O.; Owoaje, E.; Oladeji, B.; Fatiregun, A.Background: Rape is the most common form of violence in conflict and refugee situations but because of the associated stigma few cases are reported. This study assessed the outcome of an intervention targeted at women groups on the utilization of medical services by rape survivors in refugee camps in Zambia. Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental community-based intervention study was carried out in two refugee camps allocated into intervention and comparison areas. The intervention was participatory education sessions for women groups. Data was collected using the clinic records and the main outcome was the number of rape survivors who utilized and completed medical services provided at the camp clinics. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out with level of significance set at 5%. Results: The proportion of the rape survivors who accessed medical care within 72 hours increased significantly from 41.2% to 84.8% in the intervention area but from 31.1% to 38.9% in the comparison area, (p=0.005). Those who completed their medical treatment and the follow-up visits increased significantly from 42.8% to 94.8% in intervention area but reduced from 38.5% to 21.4% in the comparison area, (p=0.002). Being resident in the intervention area predicted the utilization of medical services, [OR: 3.15; 95%CI: 1.955-5.681], p=0.002. Conclusion: Community-based intervention using participatory women’s group discussion had a significant impact on increasing the utilization of medical services by rape survivors and should be considered for scaling up as a key intervention for increasing utilization of medical services for rape survivors especially in refugee situations.Item Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and tuberculosis co-infection in multinational resource limited settings: increased neurological dysfunction(Oxford Academic, 2019) Robertson, K.; Oladeji, B.; Jiang, H.; Kumwenda, J.; Supparatpinyo, K.; Campbell, T.; Hakim, J.; Tripathy, S.; Hosseinipour, M.; Marra, C. M.; Kumarasamy, N.; Evans, S.; Vecchio, A.; La Rosa, A.; Santos, B.; Silva, M. T.; Montano, S.; Kanyama, C.; Firnhaber, C.; Price, R.; Marcus, C.; Berzins, B.; Masih, R.; Lalloo, U.; Sanne, I.; Yosief, S.; Walawander, A.; Nair, A.; Sacktor, N.; Hall, C.; AIDS Clinical Trials GroupBackground. AIDS Clinical Trial Group 5199 compared neurological and neuropsychological test performance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)–infected participants in resource-limited settings treated with 3 World Health Organization–recommended antiretroviral (ART) regimens. We investigated the impact of tuberculosis (TB) on neurological and neuropsychological outcomes. Methods. Standardized neurological and neuropsychological examinations were administered every 24 weeks. Generalized estimating equation models assessed the association between TB and neurological/neuropsychological performance. Results. Characteristics of the 860 participants at baseline were as follows: 53% female, 49% African; median age, 34 years; CD4 count, 173 cells/μL; and plasma HIV-1 RNA, 5.0 log copies/mL. At baseline, there were 36 cases of pulmonary, 9 cases of extrapulmonary, and 1 case of central nervous system (CNS) TB. Over the 192 weeks of follow-up, there were 55 observations of pulmonary TB in 52 persons, 26 observations of extrapulmonary TB in 25 persons, and 3 observations of CNS TB in 2 persons. Prevalence of TB decreased with ART initiation and follow-up. Those with TB coinfection had significantly poorer performance on grooved pegboard (P < .001) and finger tapping nondominant hand (P < .01). TB was associated with diffuse CNS disease (P < .05). Furthermore, those with TB had 9.27 times (P < .001) higher odds of reporting decreased quality of life, and had 8.02 times (P = .0005) higher odds of loss of productivity. Conclusions. TB coinfection was associated with poorer neuropsychological functioning, particularly the fine motor skills, and had a substantial impact on functional ability and quality of life.Item Effectiveness of traditional healers in treating mental disorders - a systematic review(Elsevier, 2016) Nortje, G.; Oladeji, B.; Gureje, O.; Seedat, S.Traditional healers form a major part of the mental health workforce worldwide. Despite this, little systematic examination has been done of their effectiveness in treating mental illness or alleviating psychological distress. In this Review, we aim to fill this gap, with a focus on quantitative outcomes. We searched four databases and reference lists for papers that explicitly measured the effectiveness of traditional healers on mental illness and psychological distress. Eligible papers were assessed for quality, and outcomes and other details were extracted with the use of a standardized template. 32 eligible papers from 20 countries were included. The published literature on this topic is heterogeneous and studies are generally of poor quality, although some findings emerge more consistently. Some evidence suggests that traditional healers can provide an effective psychosocial intervention. Their interventions might help to relieve distress and improve mild symptoms in common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. However, little evidence exists to suggest that they change the course of severe mental illnesses such as bipolar and psychotic disorders. Nevertheless, qualitative changes that are captured poorly by conventional rating scales might be as important as the quantitative changes reviewed here. We conclude by outlining the challenges involved in assessing the effectiveness of traditional healers.Item Suicidal behaviour in old age - results from the Ibadan study of ageing(2013) Ojagbemi, A.; Oladeji, B.; Abiona, T.; Gureje, O.Background: An important reason for the high risk of suicide in the elderly is the determination with which they act out their suicidal thoughts. Early identification of suicidal behaviours in the elderly is therefore important for suicide prevention efforts in this population. Method: Data are from the Ibadan Study of Ageing (ISA), a household multi-stage probability sample of 2149 Yoruba Nigerians aged 65 years or older conducted between 2003 and 2004. We used the third version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to explore suicidal experiences and behaviours. In this report, only those experiences or behaviours reported to have occurred after the age of 65 years are the focus of analysis. Derived weights were applied to the data in accordance with the study design and associations were explored using logistic regression. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Result: In all, 4.0% (95% C.I= 3.1-4.2) of the subjects had suicidal ideation occurring after the age of 65 years, while 0.7% (95% C.I=0.4-1.3) and 0.2% (95% C.I= 0.1-0.4) reported suicidal plans and attempts, respectively. There was a significantly elevated likelihood of suicidal ideation among persons who had experienced spousal separation through death or divorce (O.R=4.9., 95% C.I= 1.5-15) or who were residing in rural settings (O.R=2.5, 95% C.I=1.3-4.8). Conclusion: Suicidal ideation is common among the elderly. About 20% and 6% of those with ideation proceed to plans and attempts, respectively. Circumstances of social isolation and exclusion are important correlates of suicidal behaviour in the elderly.Item Determinants of transition across the spectrum of alcohol use and misuse in Nigeria(Elsevier, 2013) Esan, O.; Makanjuola, V.; Oladeji, B.; Gureje, O.Many studies have examined the risk factors associated with alcohol use disorders. No information is available from developing countries about the factors that may determine the transitions across different levels of use and misuse. Alcohol use and its misuse were assessed in a cohort of 2143 Nigerians using Version 3.0 of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI). This generated six levels of alcohol use and related disorders. Using age of onset variables created for the purpose, analysis was done to determine rates of and risk factor for transition between the levels. Lifetime prevalence estimates were 57.8% for alcohol use, 27.6% for regular use, 2.9% for abuse, and 0.3% for dependence. Whereas 47.8% transited to regular use from lifetime ever use, only 10.5% transited to abuse from regular use and 9.5% from abuse to dependence. Male sex, age 18e49 years and being never married predicted onset of alcohol use. Transition to regular use was predicted only by male sex while transition to abuse was predicted by male sex and age 35e49 years. Factors associated with recovery from abuse were female sex and a student status. Higher rates of transition occurred in the stages preceding the onset of alcohol use disorders. Sex and age were the main determinants of transition, with male gender and middle age being risk factors for transition to problematic use of alcohol.Item Childhood stress: neurobiology and association with adult physical and mental disorders(2011) Oladeji, B.Many people experience significant stressful or traumatic events in childhood. These events often leave a scar that may manifest in the form of adult psychopathology and chronic physical conditions. The neurobiological basis of the link between these childhood experiences and adult health problems is increasingly being studied and understood. The advantage of this understanding is that even if the exposure to traumatic and stressful events in childhood cannot be entirely prevented, the consequences of such exposure may be ameliorated by the institution of early intervention to persons at greatest risk.Item Parental psychopathology and the risk of suicidal behavior in their offspring: results from the world mental health surveys(Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2011) Gureje, O.; Oladeji, B.; Hwang, I.; Chiu, W. T.; Kessler, R. C.; Sampson, N. A.; Alonso, J.; Andrade, L. H.; Beautrais, A.; Borges, G.; Bromet, E.; Bruffaerts, R.; de Girolamo, G.; de Graaf, R.; Gal, G.; He, Y.; Hu, C.; Iwata, N.; Karam, E. G.; Kovess-Masféty, V.; Matschinger, H.; Moldovan, M. V.; Posada-Villa, J.; Sagar, R.; Scocco, P.; Seedat, S.; Tomov, T.; Nock, M. K.Previous research suggests that parental psychopathology predicts suicidal behavior among offspring; however, the more fine-grained associations between specific parental disorders and distinct stages of the pathway to suicide are not well understood. We set out to test the hypothesis that parental disorders associated with negative mood would predict offspring suicide ideation, whereas disorders characterized by impulsive aggression (for example, antisocial personality) and anxiety/agitation (for example, panic disorder) would predict which offspring act on their suicide ideation and make a suicide attempt. Data were collected during face-to-face interviews conducted on nationally representative samples (N= 55 299; age 18þ) from 21 countries around the world. We tested the associations between a range of parental disorders and the onset and persistence over time (that is, time since most recent episode controlling for age of onset and time since onset) of subsequent suicidal behavior (suicide ideation, plans and attempts) among offspring. Analyses tested bivariate and multivariate associations between each parental disorder and distinct forms of suicidal behavior. Results revealed that each parental disorder examined increased the risk of suicide ideation among offspring, parental generalized anxiety and depression emerged as the only predictors of the onset and persistence (respectively) of suicide plans among offspring with ideation, whereas parental antisocial personality and anxiety disorders emerged as the only predictors of the onset and persistence of suicide attempts among ideators. A dose-response relation between parental disorders and respondent risk of suicide ideation and attempt was also found. Parental death by suicide was a particularly strong predictor of persistence of suicide attempts among offspring. These associations remained significant after controlling for comorbidity of parental disorders and for the presence of mental disorders among offspring. These findings should inform future explorations of the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of suicidal behavior.Item Clinical correlates of schizophrenia: a study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan(2002) Morakinyo, J. J.; Oladeji, B.; Odejide, A. O.Item Mental health(Cambridge University Press, 2013) Gureje, O.; Oladeji, B.Item Mental Health: morbidity and impact(San Diego Elsevier Academic Press, 2008) Gureje, O.; Oladeji, B.