Ophthalmology

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Ocular characteristics of patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa In Ibadan, South West Nigeria.
(Ophthalmological Society of Nigeria, 2023) Babalola, Y. O.; Adebusoye, S. A.; Oluleye, T. S.; Majekodunmi, O. A.; Ijaduola, M. A.
Introduction: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disease affecting the photoreceptors.1 RP is thought to be rare with a prevalence of 1 in 4000 worldwide. 3 In Nigeria, the prevalence from hospital-based studies varies from 0.31% to 0.69%. The classic triad of clinical signs in RP include bone spicule pigmentation, waxy pale disc and attenuated vessels. Varying ocular disorders such as myopia, glaucoma, cataracts, optic disc drusen and keratoconus may be associated with RP. Nyctalopia and constricted visual fields occur in RP. Visual impairment may be a debilitating sequelae. The aim of this study was to describe the ocular features of patients presenting with RP at the retina clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective study of all patients with clinical diagnosis of RP seen in the retina clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from January 2018 to June 2022. The demographic data, best corrected visual acuity, presenting complaints and other relevant information were retrieved from patients’ notes. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS Version 23. Results: Forty-six (2.4%) of 1911 new patients seen during the study periodat the Retina clinic had a diagnosis of RP. Forty-three patients who had the necessary complete data were studied. Twenty- four (54.8%) of the patients studied were males while 19(44.2%) were females. The male to female ratio was 1.3:1. Sporadic mode of inheritance was the most common and was seen in 60.5% of the patients (Figure 1). Features of typical RP were found in 78.6% of the patients. The predominant complaint was poor vision which was present in 40 (93%) patients (Table 1). Night blindness was the initial complaint in 26 patients (60.5%). Thirty-one (72.1%) patients had visual impairment. In RP patients with visual impairment, maculopathy was the commonest aetiology. Bone spicule pigmentation (Figure 2) was present in all patients with typical RP (78.6%). The commonest refractive error was myopia which was present in 34 eyes (39.5%). Thirty-three (38.4%) eyes had cataracts while features of glaucoma was present in 1 (4.7%) patient.
Pattern of ocular disorders in patients with Diabetes Mellitus at an endocrinology clinic of a tertiary centre in Ibadan, Sub-Saharan Africa
(The Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State Branch, 2025) Babalola, Y. O.; Adebusoye, S. A.; Esan, A.; Akande, T. O.; Adeleye, J. O.; Olusanya, B. A.
Background: Diabetes mellitus causes various systemic complications including ocular disorders. Diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macula oedema and ocular conditions such as cataract and primary open angle glaucoma may lead to blindness. This study determined the spectrum of ocular disorders associated with diabetes mellitus in patients attending a tertiary hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of 270 consecutive diabetic patients attending the Endocrinology clinic at the the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data analysis was by SPSS version 22. Result: Two hundred and seventy patients were recruited between January 2018 and December 2022. There were 77 (22.85%) males and 192 (71.7%) females. The age range was 18 to 85 years and mean of 59.5+_ 11.8 years. One hundred and nine (40.4%) had tertiary level education. Two hundred and twenty (81.5%) never had an eye examination; 41 (17.4%) had diabetic retinopathy and 25 (9.3%) had diabetic macula oedema. Uncorrected refractive error was the commonest ocular diagnosis in 79(14.6%) closely followed by visually significant cataract in 75 (13.9%). One hundred and sixty-six (61.5%) patients were unaware of the visually debilitating effect of DM while 50 (18.5%) had undergone ocular screening. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy, refractive errors and diabetic macula oedema are the ocular abnormalities with the highest frequency in our clinic population. There is paucity of awareness of ocular complications of diabetes mellitus in our populace and the vast majority had never had ocular screening. Creating awareness and screening for ocular disorders is key in preventing visual impairment.