Scholarly works in Health Promotion and Education
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Item Osteoporosis knowledge among women of reproductive age in Ibadan North East Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria(Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2023) Orintunsin, T. P.; Dipeolu, I. OOsteoporosis remains the most common metabolic bone disorder, with a disproportionate burden among females. However, effective management of osteoporosis remains suboptimal, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nigeria, with critical shortages in healthcare resources. Primary prevention strategies targeted at young adults less than 30 years of age could delay the disease onset. This study investigated the knowledge of osteoporosis among women of reproductive age in Ibadan North East Local Government Area (LGA), Oyo State. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 393 women of reproductive age living in Ibadan North East LGA, using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Knowledge questions were categorised as poor, fair, and good. Data were analysed using IBM/Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 23) software. The respondents' age was 28.3±9.2 years. Mass media (63.7%) was the main source of awareness of osteoporosis, while the majority (92.6%) had poor knowledge of osteoporosis. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge and level of literacy, age, income, and educational level (p<0.05). Knowledge of osteoporosis among the respondents is sub-optimal. To reduce the disease burden, there is a need for improved community awareness tailored to young and adult women on the risk factors and protective function of dietary consumption of calcium and vitamin D in preventing osteoporosisItem Knowledge and perception of malaria among Hausa married men in Mokola Community of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.(Veritas, 2021) Muhammad, H.,; Oyewole, O. E.; Dipeolu, I. O.Malaria is endemic in most countries within the African continent and accounts for high morbidity and mortality in those countries. The Nigerian Government launched the National Malaria Strategic Plan 2014-2020 to address the high burden of malaria in the country. However, like the previous plans, this plan focused more on the vulnerable groups to malaria (i. e. pregnant women, children under five years old and people living with HIV/AIDS) as the target population for the interventions. Men being the heads of the family in most African societies make all health decisions for the family. Many interventions that did not involve men do not succeed because of the decision roles men play in the family. An understanding of the knowledge and perception of men regarding malaria causes prevention, and management would assist in developing interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality related to the disease in the community as well as achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, which focuses on Ending the Epidemic of Malaria. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the knowledge and perception of malaria among Hausa married men in Mokola community, Ibadan.The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A three-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 302 Hausa married men based in Mokola; stratified into the Hausa and Yoruba (Okesu) axis, systematic random sampling was used to select the houses and balloting was used when a house had more than one married man. A validated semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge, perception and preventive practices were measured on a 22-point, 26-point and 14-point scales, respectively. Knowledge scores of 1≤13 and scores >13 were categorized as poor and good, respectively. Perception scores of 0≤16 and scores >16 were categorized as poor and good, respectively. Preventive practice scores of 0≤8 and scores ˃8 were categorized as poor and good, respectively. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square test at p˂0.05 level of significance. Respondents’ mean age was 36.4 years, with trading accounting for 97.7% respondents’ occupation. Respondents whose monthly income range from N30,000-N75,000 accounted for 56.0%. Monogamy was practised by 75.5% with 73.2% having less than 5 children. Most respondents (76.2%) correctly defined malaria, with 22.2% obtaining information on malaria from the electronic media. Majority (99.3%) of respondents acknowledged to buying of drugs as one of the roles men should play in the treatment of malaria in their households. Most respondents, 89.1%, had good knowledge on definition of malaria and 97.0% had a good perception towards malaria management in their families with 51.6% of respondents reporting that a family member had malaria less than a month ago. Respondents who used ITN as prevention against malaria for their families accounted for 80.8%. Overall, 78.5% of respondents practised right preventive practice against malaria. The test of association between level of education and knowledge of malaria showed that only knowledge on symptoms of malaria was associated with the respondents’ level of education (p = 0.012). Test of association between level of education and perception of malaria revealed that perception of the respondents on causes of malaria was significantly associated with their level of education (p = 0.003). The test of association between respondents’ knowledge and perception on malaria revealed that knowledge and perception were significantly associated (p < 0.001), also the test of association between knowledge and the preventive practices of respondents revealed a statistically significant association exists between knowledge level and preventive practices against malaria (p= 0.028). Majority of respondents had good knowledge and perception on malaria and only few reported practicing malaria preventive measures involving spending money for their households. Interventions such awareness through the electronic media and community mobilization on malaria preventive measures focusing on men should be carried out in other communities.Item Knowledge and perception of malaria among Hausa married men in Mokola Community of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.(Veritas, 2021) Muhammad, H.,; Oyewole, O. E.; Dipeolu, I. O.Malaria is endemic in most countries within the African continent and accounts for high morbidity and mortality in those countries. The Nigerian Government launched the National Malaria Strategic Plan 2014-2020 to address the high burden of malaria in the country. However, like the previous plans, this plan focused more on the vulnerable groups to malaria (i. e. pregnant women, children under five years old and people living with HIV/AIDS) as the target population for the interventions. Men being the heads of the family in most African societies make all health decisions for the family. Many interventions that did not involve men do not succeed because of the decision roles men play in the family. An understanding of the knowledge and perception of men regarding malaria causes prevention, and management would assist in developing interventions aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality related to the disease in the community as well as achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, which focuses on Ending the Epidemic of Malaria. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the knowledge and perception of malaria among Hausa married men in Mokola community, Ibadan.The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A three-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 302 Hausa married men based in Mokola; stratified into the Hausa and Yoruba (Okesu) axis, systematic random sampling was used to select the houses and balloting was used when a house had more than one married man. A validated semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Knowledge, perception and preventive practices were measured on a 22-point, 26-point and 14-point scales, respectively. Knowledge scores of 1≤13 and scores >13 were categorized as poor and good, respectively. Perception scores of 0≤16 and scores >16 were categorized as poor and good, respectively. Preventive practice scores of 0≤8 and scores ˃8 were categorized as poor and good, respectively. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi-square test at p˂0.05 level of significance. Respondents’ mean age was 36.4 years, with trading accounting for 97.7% respondents’ occupation. Respondents whose monthly income range from N30,000-N75,000 accounted for 56.0%. Monogamy was practised by 75.5% with 73.2% having less than 5 children. Most respondents (76.2%) correctly defined malaria, with 22.2% obtaining information on malaria from the electronic media. Majority (99.3%) of respondents acknowledged to buying of drugs as one of the roles men should play in the treatment of malaria in their households. Most respondents, 89.1%, had good knowledge on definition of malaria and 97.0% had a good perception towards malaria management in their families with 51.6% of respondents reporting that a family member had malaria less than a month ago. Respondents who used ITN as prevention against malaria for their families accounted for 80.8%. Overall, 78.5% of respondents practised right preventive practice against malaria. The test of association between level of education and knowledge of malaria showed that only knowledge on symptoms of malaria was associated with the respondents’ level of education (p = 0.012). Test of association between level of education and perception of malaria revealed that perception of the respondents on causes of malaria was significantly associated with their level of education (p = 0.003). The test of association between respondents’ knowledge and perception on malaria revealed that knowledge and perception were significantly associated (p < 0.001), also the test of association between knowledge and the preventive practices of respondents revealed a statistically significant association exists between knowledge level and preventive practices against malaria (p= 0.028). Majority of respondents had good knowledge and perception on malaria and only few reported practicing malaria preventive measures involving spending money for their households. Interventions such awareness through the electronic media and community mobilization on malaria preventive measures focusing on men should be carried out in other communities.Item Intention and Concerns about HPV Vaccination among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(Nigerian Medical Association, 2023) Adeniyi, F. I.; John‑Akinola, Y. O.; Oluwasanu, M. M.; Oluwasanu, M. M.Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a very common sexually transmitted infection responsible for some cancers including cervical cancer. Despite nearly half of the Nigerian population being at risk (women <25), vaccination uptake against the infection is still less than 5%. Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 300 in-school adolescents aged 15-19 years, across 15 private and public secondary schools in Ibadan-North and Ibadan North-West of Oyo State, whose parents gave consent. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v21. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to measure internal consistency reliability while categorical tables were compared using chi-square and regression analysis with a p-value <0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 15.8 ± 0.84 years. Half of them were females (52.3%) and also attended private schools (56.3%). Very few of the respondents had heard about HPV (21.0%) and HPV vaccine (12.7%), however, more than half had heard about cervical cancer (55.3%). Few respondents had good knowledge (11.0%) and positive perception (27.0%) of HPV, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine. The major source of information was social media (46.2%). Half of the respondents reported intention to take the vaccine if recommended by their family doctor (56.3%) and if given parental approval (52.0%), however, many (60.7%) were concerned about the vaccine’s side effects.Conclusion: Findings show that parents and health workers influence adolescents’ HPV vaccination uptake.The study thus recommends the prioritization of parental involvement in HPV vaccination. Parents and health workers should therefore be targeted as key stakeholders in driving the awareness of HPV and uptake of HPV vaccine among adolescents.Item A cross-sectional study of the knowledge and screening practices of diabetes among adults in a south western Nigerian city(Pacini Editore SRL, Pisa, Italy, 2021) Osiberu, A. A.; Oluwasanu, M. M.; Omobowale, M.; John Akinola, Y.; Oladepo, O.Introduction. The control of diabetes depends largely on preventive actions often influenced by knowledge and awareness of the condition, its risk factors, complication, and management. This study assessed the awareness, knowledge, and practices regarding diabetes among adults in two communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among five hundred randomly selected non-diabetic respondents, aged 18 to 65 years. Data was collected using the pretested, modified version of the WHO STEPS instrument translated into Yoruba language. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. Majority of the respondents (89.6%) had previously heard about diabetes. Of these (n = 448), 31.8% were knowledgeable about diabetes and only 28% have ever had their blood glucose level measured by a doctor or other health professionals. Sex and monthly income were statistically associated with respondents’diabetes knowledge while age, religion, monthly income, employment status, marital status, ethnicity and level of education were statistically associated with screening practices (p < 0.05). Monthly income was found to be a significant predictor of the level of knowledge adjusted by sex. Earning N20,000 ($ 52.60) or less had higher odds of being knowledgeable compared to earning no income (OR 0.54, CI 0.35, 0.83). Conclusion. Though Diabetes awareness is high, knowledge gaps and poor screening practices is of concern. This calls for tailored multi-component, community-based, health education interventions.Item Knowledge of cervical cancer and barriers to screening among women in a city in Northern Nigeria(Springer, 2021-05-03) Hauwa, I.; Oluwasanu M. M.; John-Akinola, Y.; Oyewole, O. E.Aim This study assessed the knowledge of cervical cancer and barriers to cervical screening uptake among women of reproductive age in a city in Northern Nigeria to guide the development of interventions. Subject and Methods This was a cross-sectional study with women aged 15 to 49 years. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 230 women in Gombe state, Nigeria. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05 level of significance. Results The respondents’ age was 29.6 ± 8.06 years and 52.2% were Muslims. Over one third (34.3%) have tertiary-level education. Few (4.8%) had good knowledge of cancer of the cervix. Only 9.5% of the respondents aged 25-49 years had undergone cervical cancer screening using pap smear test; the majority (90.5%) did not have access to cervical cancer screening services in their communities. Barriers to cervical cancer screening uptake were: low perception of risk (32.8%), screening not recommended by a health worker (32.8%), poor awareness (32.2%) and lack of of clinics for cervical cancer screening in their communities (31.5%). There was an association between respondents’ attitude, educational level, income, religion, availability of cervical cancer screening services in communities, and the uptake of cervical cancer screening (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study provides information on the barriers to cervical screening uptake by women of reproductive age in northern Nigeria. These highlight the need for multi-component, multi-level interventions in Northern Nigeria to improve knowledge on the benefits of cervical screening. Targeted interventions on the identified barriers are the key steps to eliminatethe challenges to cervical screening utilisation.Item Knowledge and Practices Relating To Domestic Accident among Mothers of Pre-School Children in Ibadan Southwest Local Government Area, Nigeria(2013) Arulogun,O. S.; Ikolo, O.; Oluwasanu, M.The study assessed the knowledge and practices for domestic accident among 756 mothers of preschool children in Ibadan Southwest Local Government Area, Nigeria. Pretested questionnaire with a 15-point knowledge scale relating to domestic accident prevention was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Mean age of respondents was 28.7±5.8 years and 97.8% had at least primary school education. About 30.3% of mothers place cooking utensils on the floor and 46.0% reported domestic accidents [falls (47.0%), burns (23.5%) and ingestion of kerosene (8.4%)] in their preschool children. Domestic accidents were perceived as not totally preventable (85.3%) and part of children’s development (50.8%). Preventive practices employed included consistent monitoring of preschool children (58.5) and keeping drugs in secured boxes (55.5%). Self responsibility (58.1%), perceived danger (37.0%) and fear of husband’s reaction (32.7%) were main influences for adoption of the preventive behaviour. Although knowledge on the causes and prevention of domestic accidents was high among the respondents, preventive practices need to be strengthened. Educational interventions such as training and public enlightenment aimed at empowering mothers and significant others to be more involved in the prevention of domestic accidents among their preschool children are recommended.Item FACTORS AFFECTING LEVEL OF PREPAREDNESS FOR MENOPAUSE AMONG PRE-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN IN LEO COMMUNITY, IDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE, NIGERIA(2014-12) OMIDOYIN, F.O.Menopause is a phase in women’s reproductive life often characterized with many health challenges. Previous studies have revealed that there are gaps in knowledge, wrong perceptions and level of preparedness relating to menopause among pre-menopausal women. This study explored level of preparedness for menopause among pre-menopausal women in Leyaju, Elere and Oloko (LEO) community, Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State. Study sample was calculated using Kish and Leslie formular and a three-stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 426 women aged 30-44 years from LEO community. Six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to determine the discussants level of preparedness for menopause, their knowledge and perception about menopause. A validated interviewer administered questionnaire containing 33-point knowledge and 5-point level of preparedness scales were used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of menopause and level of preparedness. Scores of ≤ 16 and ≥ 17 points were regarded as low and high knowledge respectively while scores of ≤ 1, 2 and ≥ 3 were considered as not prepared, slightly prepared and very prepared respectively. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive, Chi-square and logistic regression while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. The mean age of the respondents was 36.6 4.5 years and 86.9% were married. About eleven percent of the respondents had no formal education and 40.6% had secondary education. Majority (89.0%) of the respondents were Yoruba and 76.0% had ever heard about menopause. Sources of information on menopause included, relatives (36.0%), health care providers (18.1%), radio (13.4%), friends (12.0%) and internet (2.1%). Respondents’ mean knowledge score on menopause was 11.6 2.5. The mean knowledge scores by level of preparedness were: not prepared (5.7 ± 2.1), slightly prepared (10.6 ± 2.9) and very prepared (18.5 ± 2.5) with a significant difference (p<0.05). Only 45.8% of respondents were prepared for menopause and of this, 49.5% viewed themselves as very prepared. Less than half (28.4%) of the respondents aged 30-34 years and 56.9% of respondents aged 40-44 years were prepared for menopause (p<0.05). Respondents’ level of education was not significantly associated with the knowledge of menopause. Women who had good knowledge about menopause were more likely (O.R=5.0, C.I=2.3-10.7) to be prepared for menopause than those who had poor knowledge. The FGD participants expressed concerns about the health challenges related to menopause. A few of the participants opined that menopause gets in the way of conception. Levels of preparedness and knowledge of menopause were poor. Public enlightenment and community-based education on menopause should be directed towards improving knowledge and level of preparedness for menopause among young women.