Scholarly works in Pathology (Basic Med Sci)

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A surveillance of estrogen receptor (er), progesterone receptor (pr) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (her-2) status in malignant female breast lesions in Bayelsa state, Nigeria.
(IJSER Publishing, 2019) Oduma-Sandy, C. I.; Achukwu, P. U.; Ajani, M. A.
A three (3) year retrospective study of Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR) and Human Epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status of previously diagnosed female breast cancers was done using immunohistochemistochemistry. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks of breast cancer cases from 2009-2011 were retrieved from the tissue block archives of the two major tertiary health institutions in the state; Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa and Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Okolobiri. The result of this research work revealed the incidences of the receptor status as it occurred among 36 malignant female breast lesions in Bayelsa State as follows; ER+ve=13.8%, ER-ve=86.2%, PR+ve=19.4%, PR-ve=80.6%, HER2+ve=33.3% HER2-ve=66.7%, TR+=13.3% while TR-=55.7%. The statistical analysis of the result revealed that no significant relationship exists between the various age groups and the respective incidences of the receptor status. In the same vein, no significant relationship exists between the respective histopathologic diagnosis of the samples used and the incidences of the respective receptor status except for ER+ve and ER-ve whose incidences were found to have a significant relationship with the histopathologic diagnosis. This by implication means that the incidences of ER+ve and ER-ve respectively maybe dependent on the histopathologic diagnosis at P < 0.05. In conclusion, it is worthy of note here that while researches are on to tackle cancers and breast cancer in particular, there is need for even distribution of IHC facility or other molecular studies in the nation because of its role in breast cancer prevention strategies and patient management.
Awareness and perception of risk for cervical cancer among women in Ogbomoso, Nigeria
(Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON), 2017) Abiodun, A.B.; Oluwasola, T.A.O.; Durodola, A.O.; Ajani, M.A.; Abiodun, A.D.; Adeomi, A.A.
Background: Cervical cancer, though preventable, remains the leading cause of cancer death among women in developing countries after breast. Lack of awareness and access to preventive methods remains a key factor contributing to high levels of cervical cancer in these populations. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the level of awareness of, and perception of risk for, cervical cancer among women attending Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH) general outpatient clinic. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the BUTH, Ogbomoso. Data were obtained from 318 consenting women using systematic random sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information about their sociodemographic characteristics, marital and reproductive history, and awareness and perception of risk for cervical cancer. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Awareness for cervical cancer and its screening tests were 22.6% and 17.9%, respectively, with major sources of information being from health talks and hospital staffs. About 5.7% believed that they may be at risk whereas only 1.6% had ever 2 = 10.46,2 = 20.05, P = 0.005) and early coitarche (been screened. Perception of risk is significantly associated with age ( P = 0.015). Overall, respondents’ attitude was positive to cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: The level of awareness of cervical cancer and screening was low among the respondents. Increased media campaign about its risks and preventive measures is urgently needed.
Brain weights in adult africans
(The Brazilian Society of Anatomy (SBA), 2017) Salami, A.; Ajani, M.; Orhorho, I.; Ogun, G.; Adeoye, A.; Okolo, C.; Oluwasola, A.; Ogunbiyi, J.
Introduction: The average brain weight of adult humans, using Caucasian figures, is said to be between 1300g to 1400g. Few studies have however been done to make actual evaluations of brain weights in adult Africans. This study seeks to examine the weight of brains from people of African descent with respect to variations in sex and age in decades using autopsy specimens. Materials and Methods: Analysis of the weight of brains removed from both male and female adult patients during fresh autopsy of their bodies in our center over a ten year period was done. The study criteria required non-involvement of the central nervous system in the cause of death. The brains were grouped based on age in decades and further grouped into early, middle and late age groups. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 statistics software. Results: A total of one hundred and sixteen brains were included in the study and the mean brain weight was 1280g with a range between 1015g to 1590g. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean brain weight of the different age groups. The average male brain was heavier than those of females and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The brain weight of adult Africans in our study is similar to that seen in Caucasians. There is no statistically significant difference in the brain weight of adults from early adulthood to the elderly adults. Male adults have statistically heavier brains than the females
Central nervous system tumours in children in Ibadan, Nigeria: a histopathologic study
(Pan African Medical Journal and African Field Epidemiology Network, 2016) Ogun, G. O.; Adeleye, A. O.; Babatunde, T. O.; Ogun, O. A.; Salami, A. A.; Brown, B. J.; Akang, E
Introduction: Contrary to some earlier teachings that central nervous system (CNS) tumours are uncommon in black children, these neoplasms are the fourth most common paediatric tumours in Ibadan. Our centre is the major referral centre for CNS tumours in Nigeria. The last major study of paediatric CNS neoplasms from Ibadan was in 1985. An update of the data on paediatric CNS neoplasms at our centre is presented. Methods: A retrospective review of all histologically diagnosed CNS tumours in children (0-14 years) from January 2001 to December 2010 from the database of the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria was done. The cases were classified using the 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System and were also based on their supratentorial and infratentorial locations. Results: Seventy-seven tumours, 44 in males, were included in the study. Astrocytic tumour comprised 20 cases, embryonal tumours 15, ependymal tumours 15, germ cell tumours 6, sellar tumours (all craniopharyngiomas) 9 and other histological types- 12 cases. Thirty-seven were WHO Grade 1, eleven Grade 2, ten Grade 3 and nineteen Grade 4 neoplasms. Thirty-six cases were supratentorial and thirty-eight were infratentorial in location. The most common tumours in this series were pilocytic astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, craniopharyngiomas and ependymomas in that order. Conclusion: Childhood CNS tumours are being increasingly diagnosed in our centre. This is largely explained by the recent expansion of the available neurosurgical services
Childhood ovarian neoplasms in Ibadan, South‑western Nigeria.
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2016) Ajani, M. A.; Aramide, K. O.; Ajani, T. A.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.
Childhood ovarian neoplasms are very rare. Little information is available on the relative pattern and frequency of these tumors in Nigerian children. Earlier study done in Ibadan involved ovarian neoplasms in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to review cases of ovarian neoplasms in childrenMaterials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. Twenty four cases of childhood ovarian neoplasms were seen in patientsResults: Childhood ovarian neoplasms accounted for 2.8% of all cases of ovarian tumors seen in this period. Fourteen (58.3%) cases of childhood ovarian neoplasms were benign, and 10 (41.7%) were malignant. Mature cystic teratoma occurring in 13 (54.2%) was the most common childhood ovarian neoplasm and was most prevalent between 10 and 14 years of age. Burkitt lymphoma was the most common 4 (40%) malignant childhood ovarian tumor and prevalent between 5 and 14 years of age. Conclusion: Mature cystic teratoma remains the single most common childhood ovarian neoplasms, and Burkitt’s lymphoma is the most malignant childhood ovarian tumor in Ibadan, South western Nigeria.
Childhood ovarian neoplasms in Ibadan,South‑western Nigeria
(Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2016) Ajani, M. A.; Aramide, K. O.; Ajani, T. A.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.
Background: Childhood ovarian neoplasms are very rare. Little information is available on the relative pattern and frequency of these tumors in Nigerian children. Earlier study done in Ibadan involved ovarian neoplasms in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to review cases of ovarian neoplasms in children <15 years over a 22½ year period. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study. Twenty‑four cases of childhood ovarian neoplasms were seen in patients <15 years of age. These cases were classified using the current World Health Organization histological classification of ovarian tumors. Results: Childhood ovarian neoplasms accounted for 2.8% of all cases of ovarian tumors seen in this period. Fourteen (58.3%) cases of childhood ovarian neoplasms were benign, and 10 (41.7%) were malignant. Mature cystic teratoma occurring in 13 (54.2%) was the most common childhood ovarian neoplasm and was most prevalent between 10 and 14 years of age. Burkitt lymphoma was the most common 4 (40%) malignant childhood ovarian tumor and prevalent between 5 and 14 years of age. Conclusion: Mature cystic teratoma remains the single most common childhood ovarian neoplasm, and Burkitt’s lymphoma is the most malignant childhood ovarian tumor in Ibadan, South‑western Nigeria.
Clinicopathological pattern of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 over-expression of epithelial ovarian carcinomas in Nigeria
(Makerere University, Medical School, 2023) Ajani, M. A.; Lawan, A.; Oke, T.; Khramtsova, G.; Nwanji, I.; Salami, A.; Awolude, O.; Ebili, H.; Onwukamuche, M. E.; Sveen, E.; Yoshimatsu, T.; Olopade, O. I.
Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from all gynaecological malignancies. Only few biomarkers of epi thelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognosis have been studied so far among Nigerian patients. Objective: To determine the pattern of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in patients with EOC seen in Nigeria Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre study of 102 cases of epithelial ovarian cancers. Relevant clinical information was obtained from hospital-based records in the 3 participating centres. Tissue microarrays were constructed using representative tumour tissue and the ER, PR and HER2 immunohistochemical staining was carried out at the University of Chicago, United States of America. Results: Serous carcinomas predominated (71% of cases). ER positivity was observed in 31.4%, PR positivity in 21.5% and HER2/neu in 16.7% of tumours. Fifty-two percent of tumours were triple negative. Serous tumours were significantly asso ciated with ER positivity (p=0.001). Mean patient age for EOC was 52.6 ± 13.1 years. There were no statistically significant associations between hormone receptor status and histological grade, FIGO staging or survival. Conclusion: Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER expression while non-serous tumours tended to be triple negative.
Correlation of intraoperative cytological and final histological diagnoses
(Wiley, 2014) Salami, A.; Adeleye, A.; Ogun, G.; Adeoye, A.; Adeolu, A.; Okolo, C.; Eze, U.; Abdullahi, Y.; Lawan, A.; Ogunbiyi, J.; Akang, E.; Shokunbi, M.; Azeez, A.; Malomo, A.
Objective: Intraoperative cytology is a cost-effective, rapid, and easy technique, and studies have shown good correlation between intraoperative cytology and histology. We undertook this study to compare the intraoperative cytology diagnoses of brain lesions made in our unit over a 10-year period with the definitive histological diagnoses. The aim was to determine the degree of accuracy of this procedure. Study design: This is a retrospective study of intraoperative neuropathology consultation cytology smears or imprints and histology of 69 cases obtained over a 10-year period. Cytology smears were stained using both Papanicolaou and Giemsa. Histology sections were prepared from routine formalin-fixed paraffin- embedded tissue and stained using H and E method. Each of the smears and histology samples were assessed by at least two pathologists. Cytological diagnosis was correlated with final histological diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis was evaluated using final histological diagnosis as gold standard. Results: Correlation was strongest with inflammatory lesions followed by low-grade neoplasms. High-grade neoplasms also showed good concordance, but the degree of correlation was lower than in the other categories. Misdiagnosis was commonest with benign tumors. Conclusion: Intraoperative cytology is a relatively simple, reliable, and accurate diagnostic technique and should be more commonly used, particularly in low-resource settings. Diagn. Cytopathol.
Diagnostic accuracy of tru-cut biopsy of breast lumps at University College Hospital, Ibadan.
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2015) Oluwasola, A. O.; Adeoye, A. O.; Afolabi, A. O.; Adeniji-Sofoluwe, A. T.; Salami, A.; Ajani M. A.; Ogundiran, T. O.; Obajimi M. O.
Tru-cut needle biopsies form an integral part of Triple assessment of breast cancer and include clinical assessment, mammography and core needle biopsy. No study has been done to evaluate the validity o f the procedure in our environment. This study was done to evaluate the validity of core needle biopsies in our centre. Method'. A retrospective study of patients with tru-, cut needle biopsies of breast lumps and follow-up excisional biopsy or m astectomy done in the Department of Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan over a ten year period was done. Fifty one patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria had their records obtained from the Department of Pathology. The diagnosis was classified into benign and malignant with the excisional biopsy or mastectomy diagnosis used as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were calculated and kappa was also done to evaluate the degree of agreement. Results'. A total of 51 cases were included in this study. The average age o f the patients was 47±13years with a range from 19 to 81 years. Thirty of the biopsies (59%) had a definitive diagnosis of malignancy while twenty one (41%) were benign. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 86%, 71% and 80.4% respectively. The specificity of malignant biopsies was 68% while benign was 35%. The level of agreement for malignant biopsies was higher than benign biopsies with a kappa of 0.39 for malignant diagnosis as against 0.29 for benign. C onclusion: T ru-cut needle biopsies have a comparable sensitivity and specificity to excisional biopsies. Diagnostic accuracy can be further enhanced with the adoption of image guided biopsies.
Diagnostic Utility of EMA, Vimentin and CD117 Immunohistochemical Markers in Subtyping Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: A 10-year Retrospective Study.
(West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons, 2023) Nwadiokwu, O. O; Adegoke, M. A.; Ajani, C. A.; Okolo, B. L.; Awosusi, V. C.; Okebalama J. I.; Adegoke, O. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Okolo, C. A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Okebalama, V. C.
BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma is the most lethal urological cancer and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality due to cancers of the urogenital tract. In routine diagnostic surgical pathology practice of renal tumours, immunohistochemistry is a helpful ancillary technique after routine H & E. The role of renal immunohistochemistry is explored in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of all the confirmed cases of renal cell carcinoma seen at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, during the 10-year study period of 2007 to 2016 were retrieved, sectioned and immunohistochemistry done using monoclonal antibodies for EMA, Vimentin and CD117 following standard protocols. Frequency statistics and chi-square were applied to data to determine proportions and associations using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. RESULTS: A total of 48 cases of renal cell carcinoma were seen within the study period that met the inclusion criteria for the study. The age range of the patients was between 3 to 76 years with an average age of 44.17 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.3. Fuhrman Grade 2 nuclei were predominant (43.75%) while Fuhrman Grade 4 nuclei had the lowest frequency (6.25%). EMAstaining patterns for the different histological patterns of RCC showed no statistically significant difference while Vimentin and CD117 staining patterns showed a statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the staining patterns of all three markers and the nuclear grades of the cases of RCC. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the usefulness of Vimentin and CD117 in differentiating chromophobe variant of renal cell carcinoma from other subtypes while EMA showed variable expression across the various subtypes. WAJM 2023; 40(10); 1035 -1040.
Distribution and characteristics of endometriotic lesions in South- Western Nigeria: A single institutional experience
(African Journals OnLine, 2019) Ajani, M. A.; Salami, A.; Nwanji, I. D.; Olusanya, A. A.; Fatunla, O. E.
Background: Endometriosis poses a significant burden mainly to women of child bearing age. Historically, endometriosis was thought to be of low prevalence among African women. However, recent studies have documented an increased prevalence than previously thought. This study aimed to determine the distribution and characteristics of endometriotic lesions among Nigerian women. Methods: A retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed cases of endometriosis from the records of the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan from 1st January, 1997 to 31st October, 2018.The age of the women, location and distribution of the lesions were analysed. Results: A total of 85 cases of endometriosis were diagnosed histologically in the period under review. The mean age was 35 years with an age range of 18 to 52 years. The most commonly affected age groups were those between 30-39 years (47.1%) and 20-29 years (30.6%). The most commonly affected site was the ovary (58.8%) followed by the umbilicus (11.9%) and fallopian tubes (9.4%). Fourteen patients (28%) had bilateral ovarian involvement. Left sided ovarian lesions predominated (61.1% versus 38.9%). Eighteen (21.2%) patients had lesions at more than one site frequently involving both ovaries. Conclusion: Endometriosis affected mainly women of childbearing age with particular predilection for the ovaries. Endometriosis affecting the umbilicus is not uncommon among Nigerian women.
Enhanced wound contraction in fresh wounds dressed with honey in wistar rats (rattus novergicus)
(West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons, 2004) Osuagwu, F. C.; Oladejo, O. W.; Imosemi, I. O.; Aiku, A.; Ekpo, O. E.; Salami, A. A.; Oyedele, O. O; Akang E. U.
Background: Due to reports that honey accelerates wound healing, an investigation on its role in wound con- traction in fresh wounds inflicted on wistar rats was car- ried out. Method: Twenty adult male wistar rats had 2cm by 2cm square wound inflicted on their right dorsolateral trunk. They were divided into two groups. The experimental group had their wounds dressed with honey while the control group had normal saline dressing. Wound dress- ing was done every five days and measurements taken at each dressing. Wound morphology was also assessed. Results: Dressing with honey significantly enhanced percentage wound contraction on day 10 with value of 79.20±2.94 compared to control value of 53.50 ±4.32. p=0.0. The mean wound measurement on day 10 reduced significantly in honey group, 1.15±0.18 compared to con- trol group 2.38±0.28. p=0.002. However, there was no significant difference in fibroblast count per high power field in honey group 68.0 ±2.59 compared to control 90.2 17.40, p=0.242. Honey dressing increased mean blood vessel count per high power field, 18.8±3.77 albeit non significantly when compared to control value of 13.4±2.44, p=0.264. Also honey dressing caused increased granulation tissue for- mation in wounds dressed with honey compared to con- trol group. Conclusion: Our study suggests that honey dressing enhances wound contraction in fresh wounds which is one of the key features of wound healing.
Extensive Right Pleural and Chest Wall Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma at an Unusual Age: Computed Tomography Features
(BMJ Group, 2015) Adekanmi, A. J.; Ajani, M. A.
Aims: To describe a rare case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma at an unusual age of sixteen (16) years. Also to sensitize the medical community to the need for thorough evaluation of an opaque hemithorax and to describe the imaging features of this rare neoplastic disease. Presentation of Case: This was a 16 year old girl who presented with progressive swelling and recurrent right chest pain of 10 months duration and difficult breathing of 6 weeks duration. There was associated weight loss, dry cough and low grade intermittent fever. She had solitary cervical lymphadenopathy, grade II finger clubbing and low hematocrit. Discussion: Malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) are tumors of adulthood with a mean age of 59 years. It has predilection for the extremities, the abdominal cavity and the retroperitoneum. Primary pleural occurrence is relatively rare. This is a rare case of an extensive malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the right pleura with chest wall involvement presenting at an unusual young age of 16 years, at variance with the ages documented in the literatures. Imaging findings of the histologically proven tumor were also described on high resolution chest Computed Tomography. Conclusion: Malignant fibrous histiocytomas may occur much earlier than the age documented in most literatures. This case showed that not all cases of extensive opaque hemithorax are due to massive pleural effusion and further and better diagnostic imaging will be necessary for prompt and proper management.
Features and outcome of surgical management of spinal tumors in a cohort of nigerian patients
(Elsevier Inc, 2014) Adeolu, A. A.; Oyemolade, T. A.; Salami, A. A.; Adigun, T. A.; Malomo, A. O.; Akang, E. A.; Shokunbi, M. T.
OBJECTIVE: There is a dearth of information on operated cases of spinal tumors in patients in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histologic pattern, anatomic distribution, and extent and outcome of surgery of Nigerian patients with spinal tumors. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised a cohort of Nigerians who underwent surgery for spinal tumors. Data obtained included patient demographics, duration of symptoms, anatomic location, imaging findings, Frankel grading before and after surgery, and type and outcome of surgery. Univariate analysis was performed, and results were compared with results from other parts of the world. RESULTS: There were 59 patients (male-to-female ratio 1:1.1) with a bimodal age distribution. The highest (20.34%) incidence was seen in the 20e29 age group. More than half (58.06%) of the patients presented with a duration of symptoms of at least 6 months (duration of symptoms was >12 months in 35.48%). Motor deficit was present in 97.73% of patients at presentation. Functional grading was Frankel A in 38.10% of patients, Frankel C in 26.19%, Frankel B in 16.67%, Frankel D in 16.67%, and Frankel E in 2.38%. The tumors were mostly in the thoracic region (65.45%), and 58% were extradural in location. Gross total tumor excision was performed in 50.88% of the cases, and subtotal resection was performed in 24.56%. Spinal stabilization was performed in 17.86% with spinous process wiring and vertical strut being the most common method of stabilization (80%) among this group. Metastasis was the most common histologic tumor type (23.21%). Meningioma accounted for 12.50% of tumors, and ependymoma, astrocytoma, and hemangioma each accounted for 7.14%. The most common source of metastasis was the prostate (38.46%). Postoperatively, 45% of patients improved neurologically, 52.5% remained the same, and 2.5% deteriorated. There was no perioperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Metastasis was the most common histologic type of spinal tumor in this study, and the most common location was extradural. The outcome was satisfactory in most cases with neurologic function remaining the same or improving after surgery in most patients.
Histomorphological assessment of non-neoplastic renal diseases at autopsy: an institutional experience in Southwestern Nigeria
(The College of Medicine and the Medical Association of Malawi., 2021) Omenai, S. A.; Ajani, M. A.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.
Background Autopsy remains an invaluable resource for medical education and establishing diagnosis of diseases that were missed prior to death. Many patients on admission in hospitals suffer kidney diseases that may contribute to their morbidity and/or mortality. The kidneys from autopsies provide opportunity to diagnose and understand some of these non-neoplastic renal lesions. This study aimed to present the frequency of non-neoplastic renal diseases at autopsy. Methods We conducted a five-year retrospective review of post-mortem records of deceased who had autopsy. Data such as age, sex, cause of death, and kidney lesions were extracted from the post-mortem records and clinical details were gotten from the clinical summaries in the autopsy reports. The kidneys were examined for pathological findings that were then classified into glomerular, tubulointerstitial (tubulointerstitial nephritis and other tubular lesions such as tubular necrosis, casts and fibrosis) and vascular lesions. Results A total of seventy (70) cases met the inclusion criteria with 91.4% having significant non- neoplastic renal lesions. The mean age of the deceased was 57.7years (18years – 91years). Males accounted for 65.7% of the cases. Glomerular lesions were seen in 84.3% of the cases, tubulointerstitial nephritis in 41.6% of cases, vascular lesions were seen in 30% of the cases and other tubular lesions (such as stones, casts and tubular necrosis) were seen in 52.9% of the cases. Cardiovascular diseases and infections were the major causes of death in these patients, accounting for 40% and 27% respectively. Renal diseases were attributed to immediate cause of death in 10% of the cases. Conclusion The kidney at autopsy provides a valuable renal pathology educational tool, as a wide range of medical renal lesions can be seen from kidneys examined at post mortem.
Histopathological characteristics of gynaecomastia in Southwestern Nigeria: A review from a tertiary hospital
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Salami, A. A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Omenai, S. A.; Iyapo, O.; Odetola, S. S.
Background: Gynaecomastia is a benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the male breast. It is thought to be present in at least a third of men in the course of their lifetime. This study aims to review the histomorphological characteristics of gynaecomastia seen at the department of Pathology, University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, over 10 years period. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective study was undertaken to review the histopathology reports of all gynaecomastia cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, UCH Ibadan, over a 10-year period from 01 January, 2009 to 31 December, 2018. Patient’s biodata, histological diagnosis and clinical details were extracted from the surgical day books and laboratory request forms. The data were analysed for the frequency distribution using the SPSS software version 22. Results: Gynaecomastia accounts for 2.5% of all breast biopsies received within the study period and accounted for 68.1% of all benign breast lesions seen in males. The left breast was the most affected with 48.8% of the cases, whereas 17.2% of the cases were bilateral. The age range of patients with gynaecomastia seen in this study is between 12 and 80 years with a mean age of 43.36 years. The most common histopathological subtype seen in this study is the florid type gynaecomastia. Conclusion: Gynaecomastia is the most common diagnosis from male breast biopsies. The left breast is the most commonly affected breast. The florid type gynaecomastia is the main histopathological variant seen in this study.
Histopathological pattern of primary ovarian neoplasms in South Western Nigeria.
(Association of Resident Doctors of Jos University Teaching HospitalAssociation of Resident Doctors of Jos University Teaching Hospital, 2016) Ajani, M. A.; Aramide, K. O.; Salami, A.; Okolo, C. A.
Background: Ovarian tumours are common form s o f neoplasms in women. This study aims to determine the histopathological pattern o f primary ovarian neoplasms in South-western Nigeria. Method: A retrospective study was undertaken to review the histopathology reports o f all primary ovarian neoplasm specimens submitted to the Department o f Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan from January 1991 to June 2013. Patients'biodata were extractedfrom the requestforms and surgical day books. Results: There were 821 cases o f primary ovarian neoplasms. 359 (43.7%) cases were surface epithelial neoplasms which were found in patients with age range 10-89 years. Three hundred and thirteen (38%) cases o f germ cell tumour were found in patients with age range 0-70 years. One hundred andforty-six (17.8%) cases ofsex cord stromal tumour werefound in patients with age range 0-99 years. Mature Cystic Teratoma was the most common (54.7%) among benign ovarian neoplasms with 20-29 years being the age range with highest tumours while serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most common (33.2%) primary malignant ovarian neoplasms with 50-59years being the age range with highest tumours. Conclusion: Surface epithelial tumours were the most common ovarian neoplasmfollowed by germ cell tumours. This pattern is observed in most parts of Nigeria, some African and Asian countries, and in the Western world.
Histopathological pattern of primary ovarian neoplasms in south‑western Nigeria
(Association of Resident Doctors of Jos University, 2016) Ajani, M. A.; Aramide, K. O.; Salami, A. A.; Okolo, C. A.
Background: Ovarian tumours are common forms of neoplasms in women. This study aims to determine the histopathological pattern of primary ovarian neoplasms in south-western Nigeria. Method: A retrospective study was undertaken to review the histopathology reports of all primary ovarian neoplasm specimens submitted to the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan from January 1991 to June 2013. Patients’ biodata were extracted from request forms and surgical day books. Results: There were 821 cases of primary ovarian neoplasms. Surface epithelial neoplasms accounted for 359 (43.7%) of cases and were found in patients aged 10–89 years. Germ cell tumours numbered 313 (38.0%) in patients aged 0–70 years, while sex cord stromal tumours numbered 146 (17.8%) in patients aged 0–99 years. Among benign ovarian neoplasms, Mature Cystic Teratoma was the most common (54.7%) with the 20–29 year age range having the highest frequency. Among primary malignant ovarian neoplasms, serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most common (33.2%) and most frequent in the 50–59 year age group. Conclusion: Surface epithelial tumours were the most common ovarian neoplasms followed by germ cell tumours. This histopathological pattern is observed in most parts of Nigeria, some African and Asian countries, and in the Western world.
Histopathological patterns of skin adnexal tumours in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria
(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2022) Adegoke, O. O.; Ajani, M. A.
Background: Skin adnexal tumours (SATs) are tumours that differentiate towards one or more of the adnexal structures of the skin. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of SATs in Ibadan and to correlate them with age, sex and anatomic location. Methods: This is a 10-year retrospective study of all SATs in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. The clinicopathological data were obtained from the department’s records for the given period. Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections obtained from formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks were examined to confirm the diagnosis and special stains such as periodic acid Schiff staining done where necessary. Cases of SATs were further classified into benign and malignant tumours. Results: Twenty-seven cases of SATs were reviewed over the study period. Tumours from the sweat glands formed the largest group (55.6%) with trichoepithelioma being the most common subtype, followed by tumours with follicular differentiation (40.7%) and sebaceous tumours (3.7%). There was a slight female predominance with a male-to-female ratio 1:1.07. The highest number of tumours was seen in the fourth decade of life (23%). Benign tumours made up the majority of cases (85.2%). The most common location was the head and neck with 40.8% of cases. Conclusion: SATs are not uncommon among Nigerian patients. These tumours are mostly benign and are present commonly in the head and neck location.
Histopathological profile of childhood thyroid carcinoma in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
(Medical Association of Malawi, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Omenai, S. A.; Nwadiokwu, J. I.; Salami, A. A.
Background Thyroid carcinoma is a common endocrine malignancy. It is however rare in childhood and often occurs as a result of radiation exposure or inherited genetic mutations. Most childhood thyroid carcinomas are well differentiated. There are very few epidemiological studies of this disease in Nigeria and our study aimed to determine the frequency in a subset of our population. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and histopathological characteristics of childhood thyroid carcinoma in our environment. Methods This was a retrospective review of histopathologically diagnosed thyroid carcinoma in children less than 18 years of age in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan over a 40-year period. Histopathological diagnosis, age, sex and other relevant clinical information were extracted from the hospital records and surgical pathology records of the department. All cases of patients under18 years old had their slides re-examined and reclassified by two pathologists according to the World Health Organization histopathological classification of thyroid tumours. Results There were 25 cases of thyroid carcinomas seen in children within the study period. Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the most common, accounting for 80% of the cases. Follicular carcinoma accounted for 12%, and medullary and anaplastic carcinoma accounted for 4% each. The mean age at presentation was 13 years. There was a female preponderance with females accounting for 60% of cases. Tumours with distant metastasis made up 20% of the cases. Conclusion Childhood thyroid carcinomas are rare in our environment, with a minority of cases presenting with metastases.