scholarly works in Agronomy

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Start date: 2010End date: 2019

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    Field performance of shrunken-2 super-sweet corn populations derived from tropical field maize × shrunken-2 super-sweet corn crosses in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Academic Journal, 2019-05) Abe, A.; Lasisi, O. A.; Akinrinbola, O. J.
    The conversion of tropical field corn genotypes into sweet corn could broaden the genetic base and improve yield and adaptation of sweet corn varieties. In this study, the performance of shrunken-2 (sh2) super-sweet corn populations derived from crosses between a sh2 population and tropical field corn genotypes were evaluated in Ibadan. experiments were conducted using randomised complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on agronomic and fresh ear yield traits, and then subjected to analysis of variance. Significant genotypic differences were observed among the populations with most of the derived populations significantly superior to the donor population for most of the traits. Yield of marketable cobs ranged from 5.80 to 7.63 t/ha (mean = 6.84 t/ha). Six derived populations had significantly higher yield of marketable cobs than the donor population. On the average, 83.1% of the number of cobs harvested was marketable. Husk cover scores ranged from 2.8 to 6.8, with all the derived populations having significantly lower husk cover scores than the donor population. The results indicated that the conversion of the field corn genotypes into super-sweet corn was effective in the development of new super-sweet corn populations. The observed genetic differences could be exploited in further breeding programmes.
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    Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in shrunken-2 super-sweet corn (zea mays L. saccharata) populations
    (Academic Journal, 2019-04) Abe, A.; Adelegan, C. A.
    Inbred line development requires information on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and transmissibility of desired trait in source populations. In this study, the level of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of thirteen agronomic and fresh yield traits among twelve shrunken-2 super-sweet corn populations were evaluated. Field experiments were conducted for two years in Ibadan, Nigeria using a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Estimates of genetic variability components, broad-sense heritability and genetic advance were computed for each trait. All the traits exhibited significant genotypic differences. Genotypic variance was significant for number of marketable cobs, yield of cobs, number of cobs, number of kernel rows, husk cover, ear height and days to anthesis, while environmental variance was significant for all the traits. Phenotypic coefficients of variation were higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficients of variation for all traits. Broad sense heritability ranged from 22.2% for anthesis-silking interval to 85.1% for husk cover. The genetic advance was high (32.7%) for husk cover, medium (12.0%) for yield of cobs and low for other traits. Genetic variability was present among the shrunken-2 super-sweet corn populations. Opportunities abound for further improvement of the populations and extraction of lines for hybrid seed production.
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    Agronomic performance of tropical × tropical and tropical × temperate single-cross maize hybrids in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2018) Abe, A.
    The productivity of tropical maize could be improved by the introgression of beneficial alleles from temperate germplasm. Ten tropical × temperate and two temperate × temperate single cross hybrids were developed and evaluated for their performance alongside four tropical × tropical hybrids. The tropical × temperate hybrids were developed by crossing the temperate inbred lines B73 and Mo17 as males to the tropical inbred lines 4001, 4008, 9613, 9432 and KU1409. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replicates. Data were collected on seedling emergence, flowering traits, grain yield and yield components and subjected to analysis of variance. Significant genotypic differences were observed among the hybrids for all measured traits. The tropical × tropical crosses had significantly higher grain yield, ear width, kernel weight and kernel depth than the crosses involving the tropical × temperate inbred lines. However, the tropical × tropical hybrids had lower emergence percentage, but higher emergence index and emergence rate index than the tropical × temperate hybrids. Grain yield ranged from 3.38 (Mo17 × B73) to 6.02 t/ha (4001 × 4008) and was in the order temperate × temperate < tropical × temperate < tropical × tropical hybrids. On average, tropical × B73 hybrids had higher grain yields than tropical × Mo17 hybrids. Four of the tropical × temperate hybrids (4001 × B73, 4008 × B73, KU1409 × B73 and 9432 × Mo17) had grain yields equal to or above the overall average. These hybrids have considerable potential and could be exploited to improve and broaden the grain yield of tropical maize.
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    Green ear yield potential of tropical field maize at two levels of nitrogen fertiliser application in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Experimental Institute for Cereal Research, 2015) Abe, A.; Akinrinola, T. B.
    Green maize plays a significant role in the social and economic life of the peoples of the humid forest and derived savannah agro-ecologies of West and Central Africa. Appropriate strategies for its production would contribute significantly to sustainable agriculture. Fourteen tropical field maize genotypes, consisting of hybrids and open pollinated varieties (OPVs), were evaluated in field trials for green ear yield at two levels (30 and 60 kg ha-1) of nitrogen fertilizer application during the main cropping seasons of 2012 and 2013. A factorial in a split plot design with three replications was used. Fertilizer levels were main plots and maize genotypes subplots. Highly significant genotype, N level and genotype × N level effects were observed for all traits considered. The range in yield of marketable cobs at 30 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg N ha-1 were 98.4% and 108.6% of the respective means. The number and yield of ears, yield of cobs and number and yield of marketable cobs were significantly reduced at 30 kg N ha-1. The percentage reduction in yield of marketable cobs was 55.9%. Yield of marketable cobs and other measured green ear yield variables at 30 kg N ha-1 for OPVs were significantly higher than for the hybrids, while the differences were not significant at 60 kg N ha-1. Suwan-1 STR produced the highest number and yield of marketable cobs per hectare both at 60 kg N ha-1 and across N levels. At 30 kg N ha-1, the top yielding genotypes were ACR97 TZL COMP1 C2 (2.82 t ha-1), TZE COMP3 C2 (2.71 t ha-1) and 9044-27 STR (2.51 t ha-1), while the best three genotypes at 60 kg N ha-1 were Suwan-1 (6.56 t ha-1), AK96DMR-L-SR-W (5.91 t ha-1) and 9144-4 (5.28 t ha-1). Yield of marketable cobs in this study at 30 and 60 kg N ha-1 was 46.5 and 49.1% of the yield of ears ha-1, respectively. Genetic variation for green ear yield was present among the maize genotypes studied and this was greatly influenced by the level of N fertiliser application.
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    Performance of tropical maize hybrids under conditions of low and optimum levels of nitrogen fertilizer application – grain yield, biomass production and nitrogen accumulation
    (Società Botanica Italiana, 2013) Abe, A.; Adetimirin, V. O.; Menkir, A.; Moose, S. P.; Olaniyan, A. B; Olaniyan, A. B
    Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting mineral nutrient in the soils of the major maize producing areas of West and Cen¬tral Africa. Low soil N and sub-optimal application of N fertilizers lead to N deficiency and poor grain yield (GY) in maize. Maize varieties with improved grain yield under low soil N and increased performance under optimal N availability could be beneficial to low input agriculture. This study evaluated the performance of a selection of ex¬perimental and commercial hybrids under suboptimal and optimal N fertilizer applications. Significant differences were observed among the hybrids, as well as significant interactions between hybrid and N level for GY and other measured attributes, with the severity of variation increasing as the level of N decreases. Mean GY reductions across the years was 76.5% at no-N and 35.4% at low-N. Depending on N treatment, GY varied from 0.48 to 4.42 Mg ha-1, grain N content from 0.17 to 1.26 g plant-1, total N content at harvest from 0.33 to 2.00 g plant-1, above ground biomass at silking from 30.6 to 91.2 g plant-1 and at maturity from 39.9 to 191.1 g plant-1. Number of ker¬nels was the GY component most severely reduced by N stress and had significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlation with GY at all N levels. Six hybrids (4001/4008, KU1409/4008, KU1409/9613, 4008/1808, 4058/Fun 47-4, and 1824/9432) which showed consistent above average grain yields under no-N, low-N, high-N and across N levels were found and their use could further be investigated.
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    Genetic variation for nitrogen-Use efficiency among selected tropical maize hybrids differing in grain yield potential
    (Taylor & Francis, 2012) Abe, A.; Menkir, A.; Moose, S. P.; Victor, O. A.; Olaniyan, A. B
    Low soil nitrogen (N) and sub-optimal N fertilizer applications result in poor grain yield (GY) in maize. Genotypes with improved N-use efficiency (NUE) are particularly beneficial to low-input agriculture. Information on the relative importance of the main components of NUE will facilitate genetic improvement of tropical maize for NUE. This study evaluated genetic variation for NUE among tropical maize hybrids selected for contrasting responses to N. The hybrids were grown in replicated trials from 2006 to 2008 where plots received either no (0 kg N/ha), low (30 kg N/ha), or high (90 kg N/ha) levels of supplemental N. The results documented significant genetic variation for GY and measured NUE component traits among the hybrids, as well as significant interactions between hybrid and N level for all traits except nitrogen harvest index. Under low N, NUE, NUPE, and NUTE increased by 61%, 21%, and 42%, respectively. Grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with NUE, NUPE, and NUTE at both low N and high N. Both NUPE and NUTE were significantly and positively correlated to NUE. Five hybrids (4001/4008, KU1409/4008, KU1409/9613, 4008/1808, and 1824/9432) produced similar GY at both low N and high N but differed in their NUPE and NUTE. Genetic variation was present among the maize hybrids studied for NUE and its components. Although both NUPE and NUTE contributed to high grain yield, the relative importance of the two traits to NUE varied with genotype and level of N.
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    Performance of tropical maize hybrids under conditions of low and optimum levels of nitrogen fertilizer application – grain yield, biomass production and nitrogen accumulation
    (2013) Abe, A.; Adetimirin, V. O.; Menkir, A.; Moose, S. P.; Olaniyan, A. B.
    Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting mineral nutrient in the soils of the major maize producing areas of West and Cen¬tral Africa. Low soil N and sub-optimal application of N fertilizers lead to N deficiency and poor grain yield (GY) in maize. Maize varieties with improved grain yield under low soil N and increased performance under optimal N availability could be beneficial to low input agriculture. This study evaluated the performance of a selection of ex¬perimental and commercial hybrids under suboptimal and optimal N fertilizer applications. Significant differences were observed among the hybrids, as well as significant interactions between hybrid and N level for GY and other measured attributes, with the severity of variation increasing as the level of N decreases. Mean GY reductions across the years was 76.5% at no-N and 35.4% at low-N. Depending on N treatment, GY varied from 0.48 to 4.42 Mg ha-1, grain N content from 0.17 to 1.26 g plant-1, total N content at harvest from 0.33 to 2.00 g plant-1, above ground biomass at silking from 30.6 to 91.2 g plant-1 and at maturity from 39.9 to 191.1 g plant-1. Number of kernels was the GY component most severely reduced by N stress and had significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlation with GY at all N levels. Six hybrids (4001/4008, KU1409/4008, KU1409/9613, 4008/1808, 4058/Fun 47-4, and 1824/9432) which showed consistent above average grain yields under no-N, low-N, high-N and across N levels were found and their use could further be investigated.
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    Effects of pre-storage treatments on sprouting and nutritional quality of ginger (zingiberofficinalerosc) rhizomes in different storage periods
    (International Peer Reviewed Journal and book Publishing, 2016) Olaniyi, J. O.; Olusoga, S.; Babatola, L. A.; Atanda, T. T.
    Purpose: Ginger rhizomes are highly susceptible to damage during postharvest storage due to soil borne pathogenic disorder. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of prestorage treatments required for sprouting and maintaining the quality of ginger plant in different storage periods at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso. Method: The rhizomes were treated with four different pre-storage treatments viz.,control, hydrated lime, - Mancozeb, and 100ml of Trichodermaharzianum solution at different storage periods of one, two and three months. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized designand laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Data were collected on percentage sprouting, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and nutritional quality of ginger rhizomes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System Software (SAS, 2005). Differences among treatment means were compared using Least Significance Difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Results: The storage periods significantly (P≤0.05) influenced the percentage sprouting andgrowth parametersof ginger at various sampling period. Highest growth of 9.05cm was recorded from ginger plant stored for three months while the least value of 6.94cm was obtained from rhizomes stored for one month. The pre-storage treatments significantly (P≤0.05) influenced the percentage sprouting, weight loss and growth parameters of ginger at various sampling period. Highest percentage sprouting (94.3%) was recorded from rhizomes treated with 100 ml Trichodermaharzianim solution followed by rhizomes treated with hydrated lime (88.3 %) while lowest percentage sprouting (61.5 %) were recorded from control. Highest percentage weight loss of 46.3% was recorded from control followed by hydrated lime (35.58 %) while the lowest percentage weight loss of 33.93 % was recorded from 100 ml Trichodermaharzianim solution. Conclusions: In conclusion, rhizomes treated with Trichodermaharzianim solution for a period of three months before planting produced better sprouting and enhanced the growth quality of ginger on the field
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    EVALUATION OF MEHLICH - 3 AS A MULTIPURPOSE EXTRACTANT OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM USING BELL PEPPER (Capsicum annuum L.) IN SOME NIGERIAN SOILS
    (2016-09) OLUWAYOMBO, OLAWALE OLUFUNMI
    Use of single soil specific extractants to determine plant available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium for crops such as bell pepper, are costly, laborious and time wasting. Bell pepper, rich in antioxidants, requires phosphorus and potassium for high quality fruit yield. Mehlich-3 (M3), a multi-purpose extractant could extract phosphorus and potassium simultaneously. However, M3 has not been evaluated and adapted for Nigerian soils. Therefore, M3 as a multi-purpose extractant of P and K from soil for bell pepper was evaluated. Phosphorus and potassium extractions were carried out on soil (0–15 cm) samples from 12 purposively selected sites belonging to eight soil series across three agro-ecological zones (derived savanna, humid forest and northern guinea savanna) of Nigeria. Bray 1 (B1), Bray 2 (B2) and Olsen were used to extract phosphorus; 1M Ammonium acetate pH 7.0 (AAc) was used to extract potassium, while M3, Ammonium hydrogen flouride+DTPA (ABD) and modified M3 (MM3) were used to extract phosphorus and potassium simultaneously. Concentrations of phosphorus and potassium extracted by different extractants were determined using standard procedures. In the screenhouse, pots were filled with 3 kg each of the 12 soil samples and laid in a completely randomised design (n=108). Bell pepper was grown at one plant per pot for four weeks. Phosphorus and potassium uptakes were determined. Field experiment was conducted on Egbeda, Apomu and Jago soil series for three cropping seasons to determine critical range of soil phosphorus and potassium and optimum fertiliser rates using M3. Phosphorus (0, 30, 45 and 60 kg/ha) and potassium (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha) were applied in a split plot arrangement in a randomised complete block design, replicated thrice. Fruit yield of bell pepper was measured. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and quadratic regression at α0.05. Phosphorus extracted by B1, B2, Olsen, ABD, MM3 and M3 were 8.34±1.22, 11.19±2.62, 5.11±1.68, 30.33±4.32, 15.68±3.48 and 14.41±4.32 mg/kg, respectively, while potassium extracted by AAc, ABD, MM3 and M3 were 0.47±0.02, 0.21±0.02, 0.36±0.05 and 0.59±0.09 cmol/kg, respectively. Phosphorus and potassium uptakes were 2.34±0.5 and 22.62±2.28 g/kg, respectively. Significant correlations exist between extracted phosphorus and potassium with their uptakes, except ABD for potassium. Correlations of phosphorus and potassium extracted by M3 with their uptakes were the highest (r=0.95), while the lowest was in B1 (0.78) for phosphorus UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY iii and MM3 (0.93) for potassium. The yields (t/ha) of bell pepper across seasons were 15.02±0.51 (Egbeda), 14.19±0.36 (Apomu) and 5.15±0.40 (Jago). Fruit yield was significantly influenced by applied fertilisers with phosphorus lowest in Apomu (r2=0.65) and highest in Jago (r2=0.99), for potassium, the least was in Jago (r2=0.52) and highest in Egbeda (r2=0.99). Critical ranges of phosphorus and potassium in the soils were 15 (Apomu) to 20 (Jago) mg/kg and 0.20 (Apomu) to 0.25 (Jago) cmol/kg, respectively. Optimum phosphorus and potassium concentrations for bell pepper were 45 kg/ha and 30 kg/ha, respectively. Mehlich-3 is a good simultaneous extractant of phosphorus and potassium across the agro-ecological zones. It is therefore recommended for evaluating soil phosphorus and potassium. Keywords: Multipurpose soil extractants; Mehlich-3 extractant; Phosphorus uptake; Bell pepper yield; Word count: 494
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    USE OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE IN THE LANDUSE/LANDCOVER EVALUATION OF DRY RAIN FOREST OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
    (2012-08) EDOSOMWAN, LAWRENCE NOSA
    The dearth of up-to-date information on the Nigerian natural resources is a major hindrance to their optimal and sustainable use for national development. Remote sensing technique enables faster and more accurate acquisition of information than that of conventional approach to natural resources survey. However, their uses are yet to be fully exploited. This study was therefore designed to produce LandUse/LandCover (LULC) maps of Southwestern Nigeria using remote sensing technique and also evaluate soils of the same area for crop production. Multidate maps (1975, 1986 and 2002 of LULC covering 23,629.2 ha for Ife and 13,653 ha for Ilesha areas were derived from aerial photographs of 1975 using mirror stereoscopes and Landsat thematic mapper data for 1986 and 2002. The changes in the LULC were evaluated for built-up, hill/water, fallow/cropland and forest areas. Semi-detailed soil maps of the two areas were produced using aerial photographs and Systeme Probatoire Pour Observation de la Terre (SPOT) Imagery to evaluate the degree of concordance between them. The soil series identified using FAO guidelines were evaluated for potential crop suitability using Land Evaluation Computer (LEC) system. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. In LULC of Ife area, there was a general increase of 4.2% (1975 – 1986) and 5.6% (1986 – 2002) in built-up areas; 1.4% (1975 – 1986) and 4.2% (1986 – 2002) in the fallow/crop areas; 0.88% (1975 – 1986) and 3.7% (1986 – 2002) in Hill/Water areas; and a decrease of 3.7% (1975 – 1986) and 5.0% (1986 – 2002) in the forest areas. Concordance between the two soil maps of the area was 32.0%. Thirteen soil series were identified out of which four (Araromi, Itagunmodi, Owena and Egbeda) series were moderately suitable (S2) for maize; seven were moderately suitable (S2) for upland rice (Iregun, Araromi, Itagunmodi, Owena, Olorunda, Oba and Egbeda); eight were moderately suitable (S2) for yam (Okemessi, Erin-Oke, Etionni, Iregun, Araromi, Itagunmodi, Owena and Egbeda) and for cassava five (Iregun, Araromi, Itagunmodi, Owena and Egbeda) were moderately suitable (S2). Similarly in Ilesha area, there was a general increase of 4.0% (1975 – 1986) and 0.3% (1986 – 2002) in the built-up areas; 2.3% (1975 – 1986) and 8.8% (1986 – 2002) in the fallow/crop land areas, 2.1% (1975 – 1986) and 2.6% (1986 – 2002) for Hill/Water areas; and a decrease of 8.4% (1975 – 1986) and 6.5% (1986 – 2002) for forest areas. Concordance between the two soil maps of the area was 54.9%. Fourteen soil series were identified out of which ten were of the same suitability class as those of Ife area. Of the remaining four series (Omo, Jago, Ondo and Irapa), two (Ondo and Jago) were marginally UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY iii suitable (S3) for maize and upland rice. Ondo series was moderately suitable (S2) while Omo and Jago series were marginally suitable (S3) for yam. Three (Omo, Ondo and Jago) soil series were marginally suitable (S3) for cassava while Irapa series was not suitable for any of the crops. Massive forest depletion and conversion of good agricultural lands to urban built-up existed in the area. The soil series identified were of varying degree of suitability in both areas for crop production. Keyword: Landuse/Landcover, Land Evaluation, Fertility capability classification, Remote Sensing.