Veterinary Medicine

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Author: search.filters.author.Omobowale, T. O.Start date: 2020

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    Persea americana leaf extracts demonstrate enviable in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive properties
    (International Organization of Scientific Research, 2025) Adejumobi, O. A.; Ekundayo, S.; Omotosho, O. O.; Gbadegoye, J. O.; Ajani, T. F.; Balogun, O. F.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Ashafa, A. O. T.; Nottidge, H. O.; Omobowale, T. O.
    Scientific validation is crucial to substantiate therapeutic claims associated with natural products. This study examined the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive activities of Persea americana (PA) leaf extract which is an ethnomedicinal plant used in disease management in Africa. Following defatting with n-hexane, plant material was extracted using methanol and evaporated using rotary evaporator. The extract was then partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueousmethanol fractions. Antioxidant assays included DPPH, nitric oxide, ABTS radical scavenging, metal chelation, reducing power, and hydroxyl radical inhibition. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via 15-lipoxygenase inhibition, while antihypertensive potential was measured through angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Absorbance was measured using Elisa microplate reader and IC determined by using IC calibration curve. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA The n-butanol fraction showed the most potent ABTS scavenging activity (IC = 12.93 ± 1.10 μg/mL), outperforming both the crude extract and standard, gallic acid. This fraction also exhibited the strongest DPPH inhibition (IC = 24.67 ± 5.13 μg/mL). The aqueous-methanol fraction was most effective against hydroxyl radicals, while metal chelating and nitric oxide inhibitory activities were highest in the chloroform and nhexane fractions, respectively. All fractions demonstrated maximal reducing power at 250 μg/mL, except for the n-butanol fraction at 125 μg/mL. Notably, the n-butanol fraction inhibited 15-lipoxygenase more effectively than indomethacin, though less than quercetin. However, the crude extract’s ACE inhibition was significantly lower than that of captopril. These findings suggest that Persea americana leaf fractions exhibit diverse in vitro bioactivities and may offer therapeutic benefits in managing hypertension and inflammation-related disorders. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Future studies are needed to elucidate the specific phytochemicals and molecular pathways involved, alongside in vivo and clinical investigations to fully validate these therapeutic potentials.
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    Persea americana bark extract modulates Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension through NF-κB/Nrf2/KIM-1/cTnI signaling pathways in Wistar rats.
    (Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2025) Adejumobi, O. A.; Oriaku, V.; Gbadegoye, J. O.; Afolabi, J. M.; Ogunpolu, B. S.; Ajani, T. F.; Omotosho, O. O.; Ohore, O. G.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Ashafa, A. O. T.; Nottidge, H. O.; Omobowale, T. O.
    Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. It has become a significant public health concern in both developed and developing countries. In this study we evaluated the ameliorative effect of methanol bark extract of Persea americana (PA) on L-NAME-induced hypertension and its attendant cardiac and renal complications. Sixty rats were divided into six groups. Group A was the negative control and received distilled water throughout the sturdy. Group B received a daily repetitive dose of L-NAME alone at 40 mg/kg for 21 days. Groups C, D, and E received a daily repetitive dose of L-NAME at 40 mg/kg and extract at 100 mg/kg. 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 21 days. Group F received a daily repetitive dose of L-NAME at 40 mg/kg and lisinopril at 10 mg/kg for 21 days. The results showed that L-NAME significantly elevated blood pressure, markers of renal damage, oxidative stress, and expression of KIM-1, NRF2, NF-KB and CTnl, while it decreased both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters. The extract and lisinopril, however, ameliorated these effects in the rat model. These findings showed that the bark extract of PA may play a role in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, cardio-renal organ damage and blood pressure levels in hypertension, possibly through free radical scavenging, antioxidant system potentiation, NF-kB/NRF2/KIM-1/CTnI signaling pathways.
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    Antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of methanol leaf extract of Ficus exasperata on Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension and oxidative stress in rats
    (International Organization of Scientific Research, 2024) Adejumobi, O. A.; Akinbobe, E. S.; Omotosho, O. O.; Olakojo, T. A.; Ajani, T. F.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M.; Ashafa, A. O. T.; Nottidge, H. O.; Omobowale, T. O.
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    Effect of Moringa oleifera feed inclusion on Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension in a rat model
    (Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2024) Ake, A. S.; Aderoju, A. A.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Ajibade, T. O.; Igado, O. O.; Alaka, O. O.; Ohore, O. G.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Omobowale, T. O.
    Moringa oleifera (MO) has been recognized for its numerous beneficial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the potential antihypertensive effects of MO seeds in rats subjected to Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) exposure. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 rats each for the experiment. Group A served as the control, received normal saline only, Group B received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) only, Group C received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + 10% MO feed, Group D received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + 20% MO feed, and Group E received L-NAME (40 mg/kg) + Lisinopril (10 mg/kg). Treatment was daily and covered a period of 5 weeks. Blood pressure and electrocardiographic measurements were obtained using a non-invasive tail cuff blood pressure device and a 6/7 lead computer ECG equipment, respectively. Heart and kidney tissues were analyzed for oxidative stress parameters, and immunohistochemistry and histopathology of the heart and kidney were conducted using standard methods. L-NAME treatment led to a significant increase in diastolic and systolic values compared to the control group. Serum nitric oxide concentration significantly decreased in rats that received L-NAME alone, while co-treatment with MO and Lisinopril showed a significant increase in nitric oxide levels. Co-treatment with MO and Lisinopril significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the cardiac and renal tissues, whereas L-NAME alone caused a significant increase in MDA concentration. The expressions of cardiac and renal caspase-3 significantly increased in L-NAME alone treated rats, while co-treatments with MO and Lisinopril significantly reduced the expressions of caspase-3. In conclusion, co-treatment with MO effectively reduced arterial pressure and indices of hypertension in rats, mitigated the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by L-NAME. Therefore, the inclusion of MO seeds in hypertension management may serve as an effective remedy.
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    Modulatory effect of ethanol root extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius on fertility of hypertensive Wistar rats induced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.
    (Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2024) Adejumobi, O. A.; Ajani, O. S.; Faturoti, J. F.; Adewoying, A. G.; Ajani, T. F.; Esan, O. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Adedapo, A. A.; Ohore, O. G.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Ashafa, T. O. A.; Yakubu, M. A.
    This study was designed to investigate the modulatory effect of ethanol root extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius (SL) on the fertility of hypertensive Wistar rats induced by Nw-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups A-E. The rats in group A (Control) were administered with distilled water while Groups B-E received L-NAME at 40 mg/kg. Groups C, D, were co-administered SL at dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. respectively, and group E was co-administered with Captopril 20 mg/kg once daily for 28 days. L-NAME caused a significant increase in blood pressure (mmHg) with Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) (159.08±2.89), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (114.67±3.83) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) (120.90±4.65) values when compared with their respective control of (115.00±2.81. 80.91+2.76 and 91.9±2.68) in Group B. The high blood pressure was however lowered im groups co- administered with SL and Captopril. Higher morphological alterations of sperm cells were observed in hypertensive rats and hypertensive rats medicated with captopril in this study. It was noticed that the right testicular weight and right testicular length in group C were affected significantly when compared to the left testicular parameter in groups A and B. Semen characteristics showed a decrease in sperm motility and liveability in hypertensive rats group compared to the control and extract treated groups. This decrease fell below acceptable 60% minimum sperm motility recommended for breeding animals and percentage of the abnormal sperm cell in group B is higher than 20% maximum acceptable limit in normal breeding animals. Hypertension altered the reproductive indices in rats used for this study and could result in infertility but ethanol extract of S. latifolius ameliorated the reproductive organ damage in hypertensive rats.
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    Electrocardiographic study of rescued white-bellied pangolins (Phataginus tricuspis) immobilized with xylazine combination.
    (African Association of Biomedical Scientists / Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2024) Adejumobi, O. A.; Fawole, O.; Omotosho, O. O.; Hamzat, A. A.; Olakojo, T. A.; Ofua, M.; Wirtu, G.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Morenikeji, O.
    Optimal health is required in endangered species and one of the vital organs to assess the overall health of an animal is the heart. The Electrocardiograph (ECG) provides information on the health status of the heart. There is dearth of information on the electrocardiographic parameters of white bellied pangolins. In this study, we obtained cardiac parameters from clinically healthy white-bellied pangolins (n=26) rescued from trade in Southwestern Nigeria. The Pangolins were sedated with Ketamine hydrochloride (10mg/kg) and Xylazine (3mg/kg). Electrocardiography was recorded with the animal on dorsal recumbence using a 6/7 lead computer ECG machine. Standard bipolar (I, II, III) and augmented unipolar (aVR, aVL and aVF) leads readings were recorded. Measurements are presented as mean±standard deviation. Electrocardiogram (ECG) readings were analysed using Descriptive statistics, Student t-test at 5% level of significance. Electrocardiographic parameters such as heart rate (HR), P-wave duration, PR-interval, QRS duration, QT interval, QTc interval and Ra were recorded for each of the leads. The HR ranged from 54 to 109 beats/min with a mean ± standard deviation of 82.85±13.50 beats/min. Lead II recordings showed a P-wave duration of 61.19±16.73 ms, PR interval 94.88±18.88 ms, QRS duration 50.77±16.05 ms, QT interval 299.88±31.23 ms, QTc interval 347.88±37.07 ms and Ra 1.28±0.38 mV. There were no significant differences in the ECG parameters between male and female white-bellied pangolins in all the leads measured. The findings of this study should provide clinical reference for healthy management of African pangolins. It would also serve as a reference values for further research.
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    Alleviation of oxidized lipid-induced oxidative stress and hypertension by estrogen and selected antihyperlipidemic drugs in postmenopausal Wistar rats
    (INNOSC (Innovative Space of Scientific Research), 2024) Folahan, J. T.; Oyewopo, A. O.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Ajayi, A. M.; Afolabi, S. O.; Atolani, O. O.; Ologe, M. O.; Omobowale, T. O.; Olorundare, O. E.
    Lipid peroxidation is implicated in the development of hypertension and coronary artery disease, and its deleterious impact is exacerbated by estrogen (ETD) depletion in post-menopausal women. We hypothesize that treatment with ETD and antihyperlipidemic drugs, either alone or in combination, can alleviate the development of cardiovascular disease. In this study, female Wistar rats were divided into 10 groups (n = 6): Group 1 (control) underwent a Sham operation and was fed standard rat chow, whereas the other nine groups were ovariectomized (OVX) and received a diet containing either thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) or thermoxidized soya oil (TSO) for 12 weeks. ETD at 0.2 mg/kg/day, atorvastatin (ATV) at 10 mg/kg/day, and a combination of ezetimibe (EZE) and ATV (EZE at 3 mg/kg/day + ATV at 10 mg/kg/day) were administered for 12 weeks in both TSO and TPO diet groups. Blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters were assessed, along with serum lipid profile, atherogenic indices, and markers of oxidative stress. Both TPO and TSO diets significantly altered blood pressure and ECG parameters in OVX rats. Treatment with ATV, EZE+ATV, and ETD significantly reduced blood pressure parameters compared to the OVX+TPO group. Antihyperlipidemic drugs significantly decreased heart rate, QT interval, QRS duration, and QT corrected (QTc), whereas ETD similarly shortened the QRS and QTc duration. ATV and ETD also reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein levels, while boosting high-density lipoprotein concentrations compared to untreated OVX+TSO rats. This study demonstrates that thermoxidized oil has a deleterious effect on OVX rats by altering blood pressure, ECG parameters, and atherogenic indices. Treatment with antihyperlipidemic drugs and ETD normalized blood pressure and ECG parameters, reversed hyperlipidemia, and restored antioxidant system balance.
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    Ocimum Gratissimum Linn. Leaf Extract and Fractions Pre-Treatments are not Associated with Deleterious Electrocardiogram Changes in Trastuzumab-Intoxicated Wistar Rats
    (University of Al-Nahrain, Iraq, 2023) Adeneye, A. A.; Olorundare, O. E.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Akinsola, A. O.; Ajayi, A. M.
    Trastuzumab (TZM) treatment is known to be associated with arrhythmogenic potential which primarily is the basis for its cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute influence of oral pretreatments with 100 mg/kg/day of Ocimum gratissimum ethanolic leaf extract (OG) and its fractions (petroleum ether, PEOG; ethyl acetate, EAOG; and ethanolic extract, EOG) as well as valsartan-lisinopril fixed dose combination (VAL-LSP) on electrocardiogram (ECG) of Wistar rats intraperitoneally treated with 2.25 mg/kg/day TZM for 7 days. Young adult male Wistar rats were randomly allotted into 12 groups of 6 rats per group. The rats were subjected to electrocardiograms (ECG) measurement using non-invasive procedures on days 1 and 7 of the experiment. Results showed that oral pretreatment with OG and its fractions (except EOG) as well as VAL-LSP fixed dose combination did not cause any remarkable changes in the ECG patterns of TZM-treated rats indicating their relative oral safety in TZM chemotherapy. On the other hand, EOG pretreatment caused significant shortening of the QT/QTc interval in the TZM-treated rats highlighting the arrhythmogenic potential of this fraction. Overall, the study highlighted the arrhythmogenic potential of EOG in TZM chemotherapy while OG and its other solvent fractions as well as VAL-LSP could be considered relatively safe for use as adjuvants in TZM chemotherapy.
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    L-arginine and lisinopril supplementation protect against sodium fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity and hypertension by suppressing mineralocorticoid receptor and angiotensin-converting enzyme 3 activity
    (Springer Nature, 2023) Esan, O. O.; Maikifi, A. A.; Esuola, L. O.; Ajibade, T. O.; Adetona, M. O.; Aina, O. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Oladele, O. A.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Nwulia, E.; Yakubu, M. A.
    Sodium fluoride (NaF) is one of the neglected environmental toxicants that has continued to silently cause toxicity to both humans and animals. NaF is universally present in water, soil and the atmosphere. The persistent and alarming rate of increase in cardiovascular and renal diseases and disorders caused by chemicals such as sodium fluoride (NaF) in mammalian tissues have led to the use of various drugs for the treatment of these diseases. This study aims at evaluating the renoprotective and antihypertensive effects of L- Arginine on NaF-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty male Wistar rats (150–180 g) were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into five groups of six rats each as Control, NaF (300 ppm), NaF + L- Arginine (100 mg/kg), NaF + L- Arginine (200 mg/kg), and NaF + Lisinopril (10 mg/kg), respectively; orally for eight days. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry of renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MCR) were performed. Markers of renal damage, oxidative stress, antioxidant defence system, and blood pressure parameters were determined. L- Arginine significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the hypertensive effects of NaF. The systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure of the treated groups were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared with the hypertensive group. This finding was concurrent with significantly increased serum bioavailability of nitric oxide in the hypertensive treated groups. Also, there was significant reduction in the level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in the serum of the hypertensive rats treated with L- arginine. There was significant (p < 0.05) reduction in markers of oxidative stress such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCO) and concurrent increase in the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the kidney of hypertensive rats treated with L- arginine. The results of this study suggest that L- Arginine normalized high blood pressure, reduced oxidative stress, reduced the expression of renal ACE and MCR, and improved nitric oxide production. Thus, L- Arginine holds promise as a potential therapy against hypertension and renal damage.
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    The retrospective study of small animal cases presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2009–2013
    (Scholarena / Independent academic publisher, 2022) Ajibade, T. O.; Awodele, O. A.; Tijani, M. O.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Adetona, M. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. D.; Omobowale, T. O.; Aro, A. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.; Adedapo, A. A.; Nkadimeng, S. M.; Mc Gaw, L. J.; Kayoka-Kabongo, P. N.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.