Veterinary Medicine
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Item Sex determination in Heterotis niloticus (Curvier 1829) based on morphometric features(UNAAB, 2007) Oladosu G.A.; Obi A.; Oladosu O. O.This study examined the morphometric and meristic characters of African Bony Tongue (Heterotis niloticus) in order to identify possible phenotypic sex markers in this potential aquaculture species. The ratios of extemal measurements of the dorsal length, the pre-dorsal length, the head length, the peduncle length, the anal length, the pectoral length, the pelvic length and the caudal length to the standard length was determined. The inter-orbital length of head length and the snout length of head length were also analyzed. The analyses were done in thirty (30) specimens of Heterotis niloticus. Only two of the morphological ratios namely peduncle length of the standard length and the inter- orbital length of the head length indicated significantly higher values (P<0.05) in the females. The ratio of peduncle length to the standard length in the female was 5.13 ± 0.56 and 4.89 ± 0.43 was re- corded in the male, while the ratio of inter-orbital length to head length in the female was 39.35 ± 2.16 and 37.54 +2.05 was recorded in the male. Sensory pits count on both the right and the left opercula plates were higher in the male than the female though, the difference was not significant enough for sensory pits count to form the basis for sexual dimorphism. The dimorphism so indicated in peduncle length and inter-orbital length is not readily observable by visual examination and may require simple measurements, which may not be easily carried out for routine sex determination on the field. However, it can be used to separate the broodstock population into different male and female holding facilities, while exteriorization of sexual products by catheterization or hand stripping can be used to confirm the sex of the selected broodstock and their readiness to spawn during the breeding season.Item Morphometric and blood group characterization of different populations of Clarias gariepinus(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Nigeria, 2004) Uka A.; Ayinla O. A.; Oladosu G. A.Experiments were conducted to compare the blood group antigen and morphometric features of three populations of Clarias gariepinus described according to the source of their farmed parents as ARAC, Holland and Osogbo. Differences in morphometric features were studied in three replicates of 50 individuals per replicate grown in earthen pond for 150 days, while Blood group antigen differences were studied on slide agglutination test using human antisera. The fish were fed twice daily with 22% crude protein feed. Feeding ration was gradually reduced from 20% body weight in the first 30 days to 5% body weight at day 121 to 150. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were determined two days in a week between 9am and 11am. The three populations differed significantly (P<0.05) from each other in the prepelvic ratio of the standard length, but showed common morphometric features in the head length and head width ratios of the standard length and the proportion of the standard length to the total length. However, the proportion of intra-orbital width of the standard length was significantly lower (P<0.05) in Osogbo population than in ARAC and Holland populations, while the proportion of the prepectoral distance of the standard length was significantly lower (P<0.01) in Holland population than ARAC and Osogbo population. There was no difference in the red cell agglutination test among the populations; agglutination characteristic of blood group O' rhesus negative was observed in all the individuals of the three populations. Differences in water quality parameters were not significant (P>0.05). Values obtained ranged from 27.50 to 27.87°C, 6.55 to 7.56 and 5.68 to 7.70mg/l for temperature, pH and Dissolved oxygen respectively.Item Efficacy of silt and powdered milk in the removal of stickiness of fertilized eggs of Clarias gariepinus(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Nigeria, 2004) Oladosu O. O.; Oladosu G. A.; Yakubu A. F.Two batches of Clarias gariepinus eggs each were treated with autoclave-sterilized silt (25ml/L of water) and powdered milk (18g/L of water) respectively for 45minutes prior to incubation. A third batch of eggs that was not treated was incubated immediately after fertilization to serve as control. The three water quality parameters observed for all the treatments including temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH are within acceptable limits for Clarias gariepinus. They range from 26.7° C to 26.8°C for temperature, 5.9mg/L to 6.1mg/L for Dissolved Oxygen and 6.9 to 7.4 for pH. Hatching rates and the percentage of eggs that were free (unattached) were observed to be significantly highest in the batch treated with silt, which recorded 60.55% free eggs and 64 % hatching rate, as compared to the batch treated with powdered milk which recorded 22.0% free eggs and 38% hatching rate. The control (untreated) also recorded 10.2% free eggs and 32.6% hatching rate. This observation showed that silt is a more effective de-adhesive agent in the control of stickiness of fertilized C. gariepinus eggs and an indication that silt particles may not have adverse effect on the hatching of eggs.Item Investigating suitable fish food sources for hatchery rearing of Gymnarchus niloticus (Curvier 1829) Fry(Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Nigeria, 2002) Oladosu G. A.; Oladosu O. O.Analysis of the stomach content of 20 six week-old fry of Gymnarchus niloticus spawned in an earthen pond and nursed in situ, revealed the presence of three major groups of aquatic organisms namely algae, zooplankton and insect larvae. Observations on the frequency of occurrence of items in the stomach content showed that only Brachionus sp. (zooplankton) and Cryptochironomus deribae (insect larva of the family Chironomidae) were present in all the stomachs examined. The percent composition by number of the items indicated that C. deribae is the most predominant, followed by the Brachionus sp. This suggests that C. deribae is preferred to other first food sources available in the earthen pond. However, the next most predominant item in the stomach contents; Brachionus sp., which is more readily cultivable, will better serve the purpose of hatchery rearing of the fry of G. niloticus, as first food.Item Design and construction of a shrimp hatchery for the breeding of the black tiger shrimp Peneaus monodon(Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 2009) Ayinla O. A.; Anyanwu P. E.; Atakpu J. A.; Ebonwu B. I.; Hamzat M. B.; Ihimekpen F. A.; Oladosu G. A.; Adeleke T. A.; Matanmi M. A.; Afolabi E. S.; Oguntade O. R.; Ayaobu-Cookey I. K.; Asikhia G. I.; Oseni A.; Olaluwoye L. B.; Ajijo M. R.A shrimp hatchery for the breeding of the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon was constructed the Nigeria Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research in 2008 by the reconstruction of an existing old shrimp hatchery. The new shrimp hatchery comprises of the following: water treatment, water storage, broodstock maturation, spawning/incubation, nursery and micro-algae units. The design included the construction of a concrete sump for the collection and treatment of wastewater before disposal, in addition to an acration unit equipped with root blower for adequate supply of dissolved oxygen. The reconstructed NIOMR shrimp hatchery has been successfully used for the production of post larvae, which are presently being reared to adult shrimp in concrete tanks. The successful completion of the shrimp hatchery and breeding of P. monodon has confirmed that the species can be spawned and reared to adult size in Nigeria for local and export markets.Item The prevalence of gram negative bacteria in bovine mastitis among dairy herds in Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2009) Amosun, E.; Olatoye, O. I.; Adetosoye, A. I.The dairy industry in Nigeria has not been well developed due to several factors of which bacterial mastitis play a prominent role. The current study was to determine the prevalence of gram negative bacteria in clinical cases of bovine mastitis from different ecological zones of Nigeria. Bacteriological examination of milk samples from 200 clinically infected cows was performed through characterization of replicate samples. A total of 205 isolates belonging to three bacteriological genera were identified. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had prevalence of 53.66%, 32.68% and 13.66% respectively. The isolates were widely distributed across the southern, middle belt and northern Nigeria with prevalence of 38.05%, 32.68% and 29.68% respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the prevalence of different isolates from across the regions. The result is of economic and public health importance due to cross contamination of milk from cows in the same herd and as a result of traditional unhygienic hand milking method employed by the herdsmen. Consumption of such unpasteurized milk is also a frequent occurrence among the rural dwellers; this could lead to milk borne zoonoses, while the reduction in milk production due to these infections caused economic losses. Control and prevention of these infections through hygienic milking operation, herd health and husbandry education of the traditional herdsmen will help to improve productivity of the dairy industry in Nigeria.Item Bacteriological investigation of bovine clinical mastitis in two selected farms in Ibadan, Oyo State of Nigeria(College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines, 2005) Amosun, E. A.; Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Adetosoye, A. I.Bacteriological examination was performed on 60 and 40 milk samples of clinical mastitic udders from Akinyele and Iyana Offa farms, Ibadan, respectively. A total of 251 bacterial isolates belonging to 5 bacteriological genera were recovered from the milk of the mastitic cows examined. Approximately 70% and 76% of the Staphylococci isolated from the milk of mastitic cows in Akinyele and Iyana Offa farms, respectively, were coagulase positive. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen in this study with an incidence of 39.0% while the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species had an incidence of 3.6%. Other bacteria isolated include Streptococcus agalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each with an incidence of 7.6%, while Streptococcus uberis showed an incidence of 18.7% . Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed an incidence of 11.2% and 12.4%, respectively. The bacteria encountered in this investigation are among the pathogens that have been incriminated as contaminants of fresh milk meant for human consumption and are therefore of public health importance.Item The bacterial flora of the upper respiratory tract of normal rabbits(Israel Veterinary Medical Association, 2002) Ajuwape, T. P.; Aregbesola, E. A.The nasal bacterial flora of 108 apparently healthy rabbits housed th aphylococcus aureus were coagulase positive. Other notable bacteria isolated luteus 9%; Escherichia coli 6%; Streptococcus zooepidemicus 4% and Pseudomonas aeruginoItem Biochemical characterization of staphylococci isolated from rabbits(Israel Veterinary Medical Association, 2002) Ajuwape, A. T. P.; Aregbesola, E. A.; Ademola, E. BCoagulase activities of rabbit strains of staphylococci were tested using sterile human, rabbit and goat plasmas. Human plasma produced the most satisfactory coagulase sensitivity while the rabbit plasma was least sensitive. Human plasma tube coagulase gave a positive reaction within one hour, whereas rabbit and goat tube coagulase tests took two hours to complete. All 108 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from clinically healthy rabbits fermented glucose, mannitol, sucrose, dulcitol and sorbitol, 98.1% fermented maltose and trehalose; 89.8% fermented lactose while only 46.3% fermented xylose. Urease activity was also high among the rabbit strains of staphylococci investigated.