Veterinary Medicine
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Item Ethanol extract of Ficus exasperata leaf and gallic acid ameliorate cisplatin-induced toxicity in Wistar rats(Science Publishing Group, 2025) Adejumobi, O. A.; Oloko, M. D.; Omotosho, O. A.; Abiola, J. O.; Banwo, O. G.; Akinniyi, O. O.; Ajani, T. F.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Omóbòwálé, T. O.Cisplatin (CP), a widely used platinum-based chemotherapeutic, is effective in cancer treatment but it is associated with significant multiple organ toxicity, particularly the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress is a major contributor to this toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Ficus exasperata (FE) extract and gallic acid (GA), both known for their antioxidant properties, against cisplatin-induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and organ damage in Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats (162–266 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (A–E; n=10). Group A received distilled water only (control). Group B was administered cisplatin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on day 8. Groups C and D received 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of Ficus exasperata extract orally for 8 days, respectively, followed by cisplatin administration on day 8. Group E received gallic acid (100 mg/kg orally) for 8 days and cisplatin on day 8. Blood pressure and ECG measurements were taken before sacrifice. Blood, liver, kidney, and heart samples were analyzed for oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, hematological, liver, and renal function indices. Cisplatin administration significantly elevated systolic blood pressure and markers of oxidative stress, while reducing antioxidant enzyme levels in cardiac and renal tissues. Treatment with FE and GA significantly reduced oxidative stress and restored antioxidant enzyme levels. The 200 mg/kg dose of Ficus exasperata showed the most pronounced protective effect. FE and GA exert protective effects against cisplatin-induced cardio-renal toxicity in rats, likely through antioxidant activity. The protective effect of Ficus exasperata appears dose-dependent.Item Persea americana leaf extracts demonstrate enviable in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive properties(International Organization of Scientific Research, 2025) Adejumobi, O. A.; Ekundayo, S.; Omotosho, O. O.; Gbadegoye, J. O.; Ajani, T. F.; Balogun, O. F.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Ashafa, A. O. T.; Nottidge, H. O.; Omobowale, T. O.Scientific validation is crucial to substantiate therapeutic claims associated with natural products. This study examined the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive activities of Persea americana (PA) leaf extract which is an ethnomedicinal plant used in disease management in Africa. Following defatting with n-hexane, plant material was extracted using methanol and evaporated using rotary evaporator. The extract was then partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueousmethanol fractions. Antioxidant assays included DPPH, nitric oxide, ABTS radical scavenging, metal chelation, reducing power, and hydroxyl radical inhibition. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed via 15-lipoxygenase inhibition, while antihypertensive potential was measured through angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Absorbance was measured using Elisa microplate reader and IC determined by using IC calibration curve. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA The n-butanol fraction showed the most potent ABTS scavenging activity (IC = 12.93 ± 1.10 μg/mL), outperforming both the crude extract and standard, gallic acid. This fraction also exhibited the strongest DPPH inhibition (IC = 24.67 ± 5.13 μg/mL). The aqueous-methanol fraction was most effective against hydroxyl radicals, while metal chelating and nitric oxide inhibitory activities were highest in the chloroform and nhexane fractions, respectively. All fractions demonstrated maximal reducing power at 250 μg/mL, except for the n-butanol fraction at 125 μg/mL. Notably, the n-butanol fraction inhibited 15-lipoxygenase more effectively than indomethacin, though less than quercetin. However, the crude extract’s ACE inhibition was significantly lower than that of captopril. These findings suggest that Persea americana leaf fractions exhibit diverse in vitro bioactivities and may offer therapeutic benefits in managing hypertension and inflammation-related disorders. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Future studies are needed to elucidate the specific phytochemicals and molecular pathways involved, alongside in vivo and clinical investigations to fully validate these therapeutic potentials.Item The methanol leaf extract of Picralima nitida mitigates cisplatin-induced toxicities in rats through nuclear factor kappa B, cardiac troponin, mineralocorticoid receptor, and Nrf2 signaling pathways.(Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 2022) Adedapo, A. A.; Yosuf, A. A.; Falayi, O. O.; Ogunmiluyi, I. O.; Ogunpolu, B. S.; Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.; Yakubu, F. B.Introduction: Cisplatin (CP)-induced toxicity involves oxidative stress and Picralima nitida is rich in natural antioxidants hence its methanol leaf extract was used to mitigate the toxic effect of CP. Methods: Forty rats divided into four groups of 10 rats per group were used as follows: group A (normal saline), group B (CP 10 mg/kg), group C [Methanol Leaf Extract of Picralima nitida (MLEPN), 100 mg/kg and CP 10 mg/kg], and group D (MLEPN 200 mg/kg and CP 10 mg/kg). All administrations were done by oral gavage with the volumes of the treatments administered determined by the average weight of the rats in each group except CP, which was given intraperitoneally. Administration of normal saline and MLEPN lasted for seven consecutive days after which a single dose of CP was given on day 8. All animals were sacrificed 72 hours after CP administration. On day 9, blood pressure measurement was taken, and changes in body weight were determined. On day 10, blood samples were taken for serum chemistry, and kidneys, liver, and heart were harvested from the animals for serum assay, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: The extract improved weight changes caused by CP and reversed the toxic changes produced by CP on serum chemistry, oxidative stress, and histopathology. The extract caused a significant decrease in the levels of nuclear factor kappa beta, cardiac troponin, and mineralocorticoid receptors (MCRs). However, it increased the protein expression of Nrf2 compared to the toxicant group. Conclusion: The extract exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-renin properties.Item Potential health benefits of zinc supplementation for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic(Wiley, 2020) Oyagbemi, A. A.; Ajibade, T. O.; Aboua, Y. G.; Gbadamosi, I. T.; Adedapo, A. D. A.; Aro, A. O.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Thamahane-Katengua, E.; Omobowale, T. O.; Falayi, O. O.; Oyagbemi, T. O.; Ogunpolu, B. S.; Hassan, F. O.; Ogunmiluyi, I. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.; Adedapo, A. A.; Nkadimeng, S. M.; McGaw, L. J.; Kayoka-Kabongo, P. N.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has created unimaginable and unprecedented global health crisis. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, millions of dollars have been spent, hospitalization overstretched with increasing morbidity and mortality. All these have resulted in unprecedented global economic catastrophe. Several drugs and vaccines are currently being evaluated, tested, and administered in the frantic efforts to stem the dire consequences of COVID-19 with varying degrees of successes. Zinc possesses potential health benefits against COVID-19 pandemic by improving immune response, minimizing infection and inflammation, preventing lung injury, inhibiting viral replication through the interference of the viral genome transcription, protein translation, attachment, and host infectivity. However, this review focuses on the various mechanisms of action of zinc and its supplementation as adjuvant for vaccines an effective therapeutic regimen in the management of the ravaging COVID-19 pandemic.Item Antihypertensive effect of Methanol Leaf Extract of Azadirachta inidica is Mediated through Suppression of Renal Caspase 3 Expression on Nω-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester. Pharmacognosy(Phcog.Net, 2020) Omobowale, T. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Ugbor, F.; Asenuga, E. R.; Ajibade, T. O.; Afolabi, J. M.; Ogunpolu, B. S.; Falayi, O. O.; Gbadamosi, F. T.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Saba, A. B.; Ashafa, A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Oguntibeju, O. O.Background: Azadirachta indica (AI) Adr Juss (Meliaceae), known as neem, has been used traditionally for the treatment of various disease conditions including obesity and hypertension. Objective: The antihypertensive effect and mechanism of action of modulatory effect of AI were investigated after the induction of hypertension using Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Materials and Methods: Five groups of ten rats divided as follows: Control; L-NAME (40 mg/kg); L-NAME + 100 mg/kg AI; L-NAME and 200 mg/kg AI; and L-NAME and Enalapril (25 mg/kg) were used. Results: following the application of L-NAME, hypertension (elevated systolic, diastolic, mean arterial blood pressures) and increased levels of oxidative stress markers were observed in rats. Immunohistochemistry showed increased caspase-3 expressions in hypertensive rats compared to normotensive rats. Conversely, AI treatment resulted in restoration of physiological antioxidant status and normotension, comparable to the standard antihypertensive agent enalapril. Conclusion: AI leaf is a good candidate for the management of high blood pressure.