Veterinary Medicine
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Item Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens in Northern Province of Rwanda.(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Cyuzuzo, E.; Amosun, E. A.; Byukusenge, M.; Musanayire, V.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern due to inappropriate antimicrobial-use in humans and animals including poultry. Escherichia coli have been proposed as one of the pathogens to be used for AMR surveillance. The goal of current study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli in chickens in Northern Province of Rwanda. A cross- sectional study was conducted between June and August 2021; the chickens were randomly selected in each of the twenty farms that were included in the study. The samples were collected from cloaca and from farm environment. E. coli was isolated and identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using disc diffusion method. The results were defined as resistance(R), susceptible(S) and intermediate (I). After Data processing, they were entered in Microsoft Excel for analysis. The data were presented as frequencies and percentages. In total, 384 samples were collected (139 in Gakenke, 114 in Rulindo and 131 in Musanze Districts). E. coli was isolated from 162(42.18%) among which 40 (24.7%) were from Musanze District, 57(35.2%) from Gakenke District and 65 (40.1%) were from Rulindo District. The highest resistance was observed for tetracycline (69.8%) followed by cotrimoxazole (39.5%). The highest susceptibility was observed for gentamycin (100%) followed by ciprofloxacin (96.9%) and amoxicillin (66%). This study indicated the presence of E. coli in chickens of Northern Province of Rwanda and a large number of antibiotic resistant E. coli were isolated. Therefore, the government should set policies to control the use of antibiotics on farms.Item Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella species isolated from ducks and indigenous chickens in live bird markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria(Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale Teramo, Italy, 2022) Kolapo, A.; Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, O.; Adeoye, F.; Oladele, O.This study investigated the occurrence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility from ducks and indigenous chickens in major live-bird markets at Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Thirty-one cloacae samples were each collected from both ducks and indigenous chickens, in three different sample locations for a total of 186 cloaca swab samples. Isolation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was done using MacConkey agar and Sorbitol MacConkey agar selective for £ coli 0157:1-17, while serological latex agglutination test kit was used to confirm isolates. Rappaport Vassiliadis and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar were used for Salmonella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method and interpreted using the CLSI 2020 standards. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). Escherichia coli 0157:1-17 was confirmed in 31 samples (16.7%). £ coli isolates showed high resistance (90.3- 93.5%) to cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin, while they were highly susceptible to ofloxacin (96.8%) and gentamycin (80.7%). Salmonella was confirmed in 24 samples (12.9%). Salmonella showed 100% resistance to cefuroxime, cefixime ceftazidime, and amoxicillin, but was highly susceptible to gentamycin (91.7%) and nitrofurantoin (66.7%). No statistically significant association (p<0.05) was observed between the occurrence of £ coli 0157 and Salmonella within the three live-bird markets. This study reveals that £ coli and Salmonella spp. occur in ducks and indigenous chickens from major live bird markets in Ibadan, Oyo state with antimicrobial susceptibility. Findings from this study underscores the need for further studies on these pathogenic organisms from ducks in Nigeria because there is paucity of data on this species of poultry that may serve as reservoir for these zoonotic organisms.