Veterinary Medicine
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Item Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling and detection of Cefotaxime- Resistant Escherichia coli from Commercial Laying Hens, Indigenous Ducks and Chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2024) Amosun, E. A.; Kolapo, A. M.; Ojja, C. V.Cefotaxime is a critically important antimicrobial agent for thè treatment of infections in humans and animals. The upsurge in thè incidence of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coti from animai sources is of global public health importance. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coti is a Gram negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen. Infections by Escherichia coti usually occur following consumption of foods and water contaminated with faeces. The development of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coti is a concem worldwide. This study evaluated thè prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti in commercial laying hens, indigenous ducks and chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti isolates from thè cloacae of these poultry sources were tested for antimicrobial agents. The overall isolation rate of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti was 6.5% (6/93), 3.2% (3/93) and 10.0% (20/200) from indigenous ducks, indigenous chickens and commercial laying hens respectively. Cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti isolates were 89.7%, 86.2%, 65.5%, 55.2%, 37.9%, 27.6%, 20.7% and 20.7% resistant to sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, ceftazidime, amoxicillin -clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone respectively. Whereas, 75.9%, 68.9%, 62.1%, 51.7%, 41.4%, 27.6%,10.3% and 10.3% susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, sulphamethoxazone and tetracycline respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) was observed in 89.7% (26/29) of thè isolates which exhibited 2 (in indigenous ducks), 3 (in indigenous chickens) and 13 (in commercial laying hens) different MDR pattems to 7 antimicrobial classes of drug. Higher isolation rate of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti and remarkable numbers of thè isolates from commercial laying hens showed multidrug resistant than that of indigenous ducks and chickens. Misused of drugs was predicted in commercial laying hens. This study showed that thè indigenous ducks and chickens harbour multidrug resistant Escherichia coti and may contribute to environmental contamination through faecal shedding.Item Antibiotic profiling of bacterial isolates obtained from turkey and chicken in selected farms in Ibadan, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Amosun, E. A.; Adepoju, B. C.; Ogunbadewa, A. J.; Abatan, M. O.In recent times, the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance has increased tremendously due to a number of factors including use of human drugs for the treatment of animal diseases, leading to the transfer of antibiotic resistance in terms of antibiotic residues in poultry meat to pathogenic bacteria. This study determined the antibiotic profiles of bacterial isolates in poultry cloacal swabs from selected farms in Ibadan. Fifty and twenty cloacal swabs were collected aseptically from turkey and chicken at Apete and University of Ibadan research farm respectively. The samples were immediately transported to the laboratory for microbiological analysis. Thus, the cloacal swabs were screened using MacConkey agar, blood agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. Isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques and tested to ten different antibiotic discs according to Kirby-Bauer procedure. Sixty-one and thirteen different isolates were detected from turkey and chicken cloacal swabs respectively. Of the turkey isolates, Pseudomonas had the highest occurrence of 25% while Escherichia coli (46%) had the highest occurrence of the chicken isolates. The Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to augmentin (69%), streptomycin (69%), sulphamethoxazole (78%) and chloramphenicol (82%). Staphylococcus species which was the only Grampositive isolate in this study was greatly resistant to gentamicin (83%). Both the turkey and chicken isolates had different antibiotic resistance rates and patterns with a huge percentage (86%) of them being multi-drug resistant. This work observed a higher resistance to many of the commonly used antibiotics in the poultry industry thereby, posing a public health risk since most of these drugs are used for treatment of human infectionsItem Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Bacteria Isolated from Four selected Rivers and Six Tributaries in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo-State, Nigeria(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Amosun, E. A.; Ogunbadewa, A. J.; Otukoya, B. O.Water is one of thè major resources necessary for thè maintenance of life on earth. Among thè pathogens disseminateci in water sources are enteric pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., and thè presence of these organisms are responsible for a variety of diseases like diarrhea, dysentery, and enteric fever. This study was aimed to identify and determine antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from selected rivers in Ibadan metropolis. Thirty water samples were collected from three different sites (upstream, midstream and downstream) of four selected main rivers and six tributaries, thè main rivers are: Onibu-ore river, Kudeti river, Ogunpa river and Ona river, while thè tributaries are: Gege river, Awolowo river, Orogun river, Orni river, Tabieleshin river and Eleyele river. The samples were routinely screened for bacteria using MacConkey and blood agar plates. These bacterial isolates were identified biochemically and were further subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test. All thè tests performed in this study were analyzed using tables. From thè thirty water samples of thè ten selected rivers screened in duplicates in this study, forty-two isolates belonging to eleven bacteria genera of different percentage distribution were identified. These isolates also showed different antibiotic resistance rates and pattems. Of all thè bacteria isolates obtained in this study, only Enterobacter species was not multi-drug resistant. This study detected thè presence of different bacteria isolates in drinking river water from ten selected rivers in Ibadan. It was able to confimi thè presence of E. coli in water and further discovered other bacteria such as Arthrobacter species in water.Item Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Animal Production (NJAP), 2018) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Oyeniyi, T. M.Goat milk and itsproducts are highly nutritious and widely consumed in several countries. In Nigeria, little attention has been given to goats as dairy animals; hence thè raw milk can be a potential source of bacterial contamination and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens within human, animai and environment. In this study, thè incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria was evaluated. The bacteriological quality and antibiotic resistance characteristics of thè isolates froml05 raw milk samples collectedfrom does in fìve goat herds in Ibadan in Oyo-State, Nigeria were carried out. A total ofl26 bacterial isolates belonging to six bacteria genera [Lactobacillus spp (23.81 %), Staphylococcus aureus (23.02%), E.coli (20.63%), Klebsiella pneumonia (15.08%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.35%), Streptococcus spp (07.14%)] were obtainedfrom thè samples. The Gram negative isolates exhibited resistance to amoxillin (84.50%), augmentin (77.59%), septrìn (75.86%), sparfloxacìn (72.41%), chloramphenicol (68.97%), streptomycin (65.52%), perfloxacin (56.90%), tarìvid (51.72%), gentamycin (48.28%), ciprofloxacin (48.27%).While thè Gram positive bacteria also exhibited resistance to ampiclox ( 69.12%), septrìn (42.65%), erythromycìn (33.82%), streptomycin (14.71%), gentamycin (11.76%), rocephin (07.35%), zinnacef (02.94%), ciprofloxacin (01.47%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to three or more antimicrobials was observed in some of thè isolates. This study revealed high prevalence of MDR bacteria in goat milk that can contrìbute to thè global antibiotic resistance menace through primary or secondary infections assocìated with husbandry, milking and consumption of improperly pasteurized goat milkItem Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria(Nigerian Journal of Animal Production (NJAP), 2018) Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Oyeniyi, T. M.Goat milk and itsproducts are highly nutritious and widely consumed in several countries. In Nigeria, little attention has been given to goats as dairy animals; hence thè raw milk can be a potential source of bacterial contamination and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens within human, animai and environment. In this study, thè incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria in goat milk in Ibadan, Nigeria was evaluated. The bacteriological quality and antibiotic resistance characteristics of thè isolates froml05 raw milk samples collectedfrom does in fìve goat herds in Ibadan in Oyo-State, Nigeria were carried out. A total ofl26 bacterial isolates belonging to six bacteria genera [Lactobacillus spp (23.81 %), Staphylococcus aureus (23.02%), E.coli (20.63%), Klebsiella pneumonia (15.08%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.35%), Streptococcus spp (07.14%)] were obtainedfrom thè samples. The Gram negative isolates exhibited resistance to amoxillin (84.50%), augmentin (77.59%), septrìn (75.86%), sparfloxacìn (72.41%), chloramphenicol (68.97%), streptomycin (65.52%), perfloxacin (56.90%), tarìvid (51.72%), gentamycin (48.28%), ciprofloxacin (48.27%).While thè Gram positive bacteria also exhibited resistance to ampiclox ( 69.12%), septrìn (42.65%), erythromycìn (33.82%), streptomycin (14.71%), gentamycin (11.76%), rocephin (07.35%), zinnacef (02.94%), ciprofloxacin (01.47%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) to three or more antimicrobials was observed in some of thè isolates. This study revealed high prevalence of MDR bacteria in goat milk that can contrìbute to thè global antibiotic resistance menace through primary or secondary infections assocìated with husbandry, milking and consumption of improperly pasteurized goat milkItem A Retrospective Study of Ruminant Cases Presented Between 1996 and 2005 at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria(Integrity Research Journals, 2016) Abiola, O. J.; Olaogun, S. C.; Emedoh, O. M.; Jeremiah, O. T.Retrospective study of ruminant cases (cattle, sheep and goats) presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan between a period of ten years (January1996 to December 2005) was conducted to determine the most prevalent diseases using clinical case file records. Within the period of study, a total of 601 cases were handled out of which 394 (65.56%) occurred in goats, 171(28.45 %) sheep and 36(5.99%) cattle. The most prevalent infections in the three species were ectoparasitism (31.11%), endoparasitism (16.97%) and reproductive cases (13.31%). Among caprine species, endoparasitism was 27.16%, while ectoparasitism and reproductive conditions had 20.96% and 13.96% respectively. As for ovine species endoparasitism was 38.01% while ectoparasitism 9.94% and reproductive conditions had 9.94. But among bovine species, endoparasitism was 41.67%, reproductive conditions had 22.22% and bacterial diseases had 16.67%. The high prevalence of these conditions may be due to poor management practices, improper health/veterinary care, stress on pregnant animals, and neglect of prophylactic measures for disease prevention. There is therefore need for awareness and education of livestock farmers/owners on effective prevention and control measures through livestock extension services and proper management system that restrict animals from roaming freely thereby preventing injuries caused by trauma.