Veterinary Medicine
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Item Hematological and biochemical profile of apparently healthy Horses in Ibadan, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2023) Adedokun, R. A. M.; Olaogun, S. C.; Alaba, B. K.We evaluated the hematological and biochemical parameters of apparently healthy horses in Ibadan polo Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 20 apparently healthy Polo horses were used for this study. Breeds were established by their morphological features; Age was grouped based on the birth record and sexes morphologically established. Hematological and Biochemical analysis were established by adopting standard procedures and the use of specific kits respectively. Breed demography showed 14 (70%) Sudanese breed and 6 (30%) Cross breeds. Sex demography represents 18 (90%) female and 2 (10%) males. Age group demography reveals as follows; young horses (4-6yrs) were 4 (20%), middle-aged horses (7-9yrs) were 8 (40%) and older horses (10-13yrs) category were 8 (40%). All hematological and biochemical indices were within the normal ref range. Except for total bilirubin and Cholesterol with relatively higher Mean ± SD values of 0.58 ± 0.23 and 146.20 ± 12.98 respectively. Statistical significance (P<0.05) was observed in the values of High-density lipoprotein (HDL) among breeds. HDL was significantly higher in Sudanese breed with higher Mean ± SD values of (45.43±4.65) compared to Cross bred with Mean ± SD values of (39.67±6.62). Hematological and biochemical parameters of male (Stallion) appeared better to female (Mare) when compared to normal reference range. Statistical difference of (P<0.05) existed in the value of Mean ± SD values of glucose (mg/dL) within age groups with significant lower value of 79.38±2.92b in 7-9yrs age group compared to the value of 84.5±2.56ain 10-13yrs age group. We observed no significant variation in hematology and most biochemical parameters among breeds, sexes and age groups. There may be need for further investigation to unravel the cause of higher HDL in Sudanese breed and hypoglyceamia observed in 7-9yrs age group of horses as seen in this present study.Item Polymorphism of Prion Protein Gene (PRNP) in Nigerian sheep(Talor&Fracs, 2023) Adeola, A. C.; Bello, S. F.; Abdussamad, A. M.; Mark, A. I.; Olaogun, S. C.; Rogo, L. D.; Mangbon, G.F.Polymorphism of the prion protein gene (PRNP) gene determines an animal’s susceptibility to scrapie. Three polymorphisms at codons 136, 154, and 171 have been linked to classical scrapie susceptibility, although many variants of PRNP have been reported. However, no study has investigated scrapie susceptibility in Nigerian sheep from the drier agro-climate zones. In this study, we aimed to identify PRNP polymorphism in nucleotide sequences of 126 Nigerian sheep by comparing them with public available studies on scrapie-affected sheep. Further, we deployed Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, and AMYCO analyses to determine the structure changes produced by the non-synonymous SNPs. Nineteen (19) SNPs were found in Nigerian sheep with 14 being non- synonymous. Interestingly, one novel SNP (T718C) was identified. There was a significant differ-ence (P < 0.05) in the allele frequencies of PRNP codon 154 between sheep in Italy and Nigeria. Based on the prediction by Polyphen-2, R154H was probably damaging while H171Q was benign. Contrarily, all SNPs were neutral via PROVEAN analysis while two haplotypes (HYKK and HDKK) had similar amyloid propensity of PRNP with resistance haplotype in Nigerian sheep. Our study provides valuable information that could be possibly adopted in programs targeted at breeding for scrapie resistance in sheep from tropical regions.Item Scrapie-associated polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in Nigerian native goats(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Adeniyi, C.; Abdussamad, M.; Olaogun, S. C.; Lawal, D.Scrapie is a fatal prion protein disease stiffly associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of the prion protein gene (PRNP). The prevalence of this deadly disease has been reported in small ruminants, including goats. The Nigerian goats are hardy, trypano-tolerant, and contribute to the protein intake of the increasing population. Although scrapie has been reported in Nigerian goats, there is no study on the polymorphism of the PRNP gene. Herein, we evaluated the genetic and allele distributions of PRNP polymorphism in 132 Nigerian goats and compared them with publicly available studies on scrapie-affected goats. We utilized Polyphen-2, PROVEAN and AMYCO programs to examine structural variations produced by the non-synonymous SNPs. Our study revealed 29 SNPs in Nigerian goats, of which 14 were non-synonymous, and 23 were novel. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the allele frequencies of PRNP codons 139, 146, 154 and 193 in Nigerian goats compared with scrapie-affected goats, except for Northern Italian goats at codon 154. Based on the prediction by Polyphen-2, R139S and N146S were ‘benign’, R154H was ‘probably damaging’, and T193I was ‘possibly damaging’. In contrast, PROVEAN predicted ‘neutral’ for all non-synonymous SNPs, while AMYCOItem Distribution and histological features of sebaceous and sweat glands in different regions of the skin of Tree Squirrels in Ibadan, Nigeria(SJIF Impact Factor, 2022) Akpan, M. O.; Olaogun, S. C.; Rahmon, M. OThis study establishes distribution of sebaceous and sweat glands in different body regions of squirrels. A total number 10 apparently healthy squirrels were used for this study. Skin samples that were taken from selected regions of the body samples were histologically processed for microscopic examination. The slides were examined using the light microscope and histophotomicrography. Results reveal only two squirrels found to have sebaceous glands on their mouth parts with an average of approximately 1.88 ± 3.48 glands. Five having sebaceous glands on their head with an average of approximately 8.13 ± 9.82 glands. Four having sebaceous glands on their neck with an average of approximately 7.13 ± 9.03 glands. Four having sebaceous glands on their dorsum with an average of approximately 6.38 ± 5.93 glands. Seven having sebaceous glands on their ventral part with an average of approximately 7.13 ± 9.03 glands. Four having sebaceous glands at their tail with an average of approximately 4.75 ± 6.11 glands. One having sebaceous glands at their hind limb extremities with an average of approximately 1.88 ± 5.30 glands per 42.46 mm² field area per squirrel respectively. We concluded that the distribution of the sebaceous gland on the body of the squirrel is widely generalised with seven out of ten squirrels having the glands at their ventral region compared with just one squirrel having the gland on their hind limb. Further investigation required to determine reasons for more glands on the head region compared to other regions of the Tree squirrel body.Item A case report of clinico-pathological findings and management of Peste des Petis Ruminants in goats’ flock after vaccination at Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Oyo State, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Olaogun, S. C.; Abiola, J .O.; Adah, O.; Adedokun, R.A.M.; Ososanya, T.OAn outbreak of Peste des Petits ruminants (PPR) among recently vaccinated West African Dwarf male goats (buck) was investigated and managed at the Teaching and Research Farm University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. The average age of the animals was ranged between 1½- 2years old. The morbidity rate of 87% and mortality rate of 28% was recorded on the flock, giving a case fatality rate of 32%. Sneezing, coughing, anorexia, mucopurulent nasal discharges, dyspnea, and diarrhea with pungent characteristic odor were observed clinically. Clinical examination of clinically infected animals on the average revealed the followings: Temperature: 40.5°C, Heart rate: 76 beats per min, Respiratory rate: 44 breathes per min. 13 mortalities were recorded within a week post vaccination. Postmortem findings revealed mucopurulent oculonasal discharges, crust on the lips, erosive lesions on the gums, fecal soiled perineum, frothy mucoid tracheal fluid, copious hydroperitoneum, hyperemia, congestion, and lungs hepatization with large intestine seemed congested. A rapid diagnostic kit for goat Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Antibody was used to detect the positivity and correlated antibody titer in four of the goats; two from the apparently healthy group and two from the group still manifesting the clinical symptoms. Results of the two apparently healthy revealed some positivity which correlated to 1:160 antibody titer while the two animals from the group showing clinical signs revealed complete invalidation. Clinically infected animals were isolated and treated symptomatically for five consecutive days with Tylosin, Sulphadimidine and Multivitamins at recommended dosages To the best of the authors knowledge, this case will be the first confirmed PPR outbreak among West African Dwarf goats linked with vaccination using PPR rapid diagnostic kit outcome combined with clinico-pathological findings in the South-Western Nigeria.Item Bovine dermatophilosis: Awareness, knowledge, Attitude and Antibiotics usage practices among cattle herders in Oyo state, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2020) Olaogun, S. C.; Ifarajimi, R. O.; Muhammad, H. A.Background: Economic and zoonotic importance of bovine dermatophilosis in tropical countries and Nigeria in particular cannot be underestimated. We therefore conducted a cross-sectional study to assess cattle breeders’ awareness, perceptions and practices with regard to bovine dermatophilosis in Oyo State. Methods: The survey was conducted from June to December 2017 across the four geopolitical zones, which includes; Ibarapa, Oyo/Ogbomosho, Oke ogun and Ibadan. A total of 400 cattle breeders were interviewed using well-structured questionnaires. The data obtained were analysed on SPSS for frequency and percentages. Results: The results revealed high awareness of dermatophilosis among the breeders. However, 388/400 (97%) were not aware of its’ zoonotic importance. Nearly 49% engaged in self-treatment, while only 44/400 (11%) sought for veterinary intervention. Majority (97%) of the respondents disclosed to have used drugs for treatment. However, 94% did not adhere to manufacturer’s instruction while 8/400 (2%) were unaware of manufacturer’s instruction. More than 90% were unaware of withdrawal period in administering drugs, 16/400 (4%) observed it and 16/400 (4%) did not always observe withdrawal period when administering drugs. About 96% agreed that the drugs were effective while 8/400 (2%) were not sure about drugs effectiveness. Conclusions: Despite the high awareness of dermatophilosis by cattle rearers in Oyo state, the knowledge, practices and perception of farmers about the disease are still generally very low. Therefore, further education for the cattle breeders and the general public on zoonotic importance of bovine dermatophilosis is required.Item Lameness and its associated hematological features among Nigerian breeds of goats in Ibadan, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2020) Olaogun S. C.; Oyetoyinbo T. E.Clinical lameness manifesting in various form is one of the commonest condition often encountered in Nigeria with its adverse socio-economic consequences. A total of 96 lame goats were sampled at the livestock markets, Ibadan, Nigeria. Blood samples were aseptically collected into well labeled heparinized bottles from lame goats with signalment such as breed, age, sex and level of severity classified and recorded appropriately. Blood samples were analyzed by adopting standard hematological procedure (manual counts). Lameness was highest in Red Sokoto goats 79.2% and lowest 8.3% in Crossed bred goats. Majority 66.6% were males and 33.3% were females. Lameness was more in young than adult goats, 2-2½year 41.66% and >4year 20.83%. Significant difference (P≤0.05) observed in the values of lymphocytes between breeds with higher values in crossed breed compared to others. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the values of RBC and platelet counts between age groups, with lower values of (7.13±0.39 and 3.82±0.2) respectively in adult goats. We therefore conclude that lame cross bred goats appeared more resilient with improved hematological features, significant reduction in RBC and platelet counts should be taken into consideration during management of lameness in adult goats in particular.Item Evaluation of amoxicillin content in commonly used multisource Injectable brands in veterinary practice(Egypt’s Presidential Specialized Council for Education and Scientific Research, 2019) Gberindyer, A .F.; Olaogun, S. C.; Omotosho, O. O.; Adedokun, R. A. M.; Shima, F. K.THE AIM Is To Evaluate Amount Of Amoxicillin In The Array Of Its Injectable Formulations From Multisource Marketed And Commonly Used In Veterinary Practice In Nigeria. The Amount Of Amoxicillin In Each Of The 10 Brands Sampled Was Analysed Using A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Thereafter, Percentages Of The Labelled Amount Of Amoxicillin Were Determined And Compared With 90-120% Specified In USP And IP. Samples G, H, And J Contained 93%, 98%, And 108%, Respectively Of The Labeled Amount Of Amoxicillin, While B, C, And A Contained Only 39%, 56%, And 58%, Respectively. Again, Samples I, F, D, And E Contained 124%, 135%, 147%, And 413%, Respectively Of The Labelled Amount. Thus, Only Brands G, H, And J Passed Assay Quality Test (AQT) Since The Amount Of Amoxicillin They Contained Was Within The Specified USP And IP Range, And Are Considered Pharmaceutically Equivalent, Consequently, Interchangeable For Intravenous Administrations. Whereas, Brands A, B, And C Failed AQT Because They Contained Less Than The Amount Of Amoxicillin Required, So Even When Used Prudently There Could Be Therapeutic Failure, Bacterial Resistance, And Public Health Implications. Similarly, Brands D, E, F, And I Could Cause Toxicity And High Tissue Residues Because They Contained Higher Than The Required And Labelled Amount Of Amoxicillin. About 30% And 40% Of The Analysed Amoxicillin Brands Contained Less And More Than The Required Amount Of Amoxicillin, Respectively. However, 30% Contained The Amount Within The Specified Range. Consequently, There Is High Rate Of Substandard Amoxicillin Injectable Brands For Veterinary Use In Nigeria Hence The Need For Regular Monitoring.Item Clinico- haematological and biochemical features of natural Babesiosis in Nigerian breeds of Cattle(Animal Health and Production in Africa, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Adedeji, P. A.This study evaluated the haematological and biochemical changes associated with bovine Babesiosis. A total of 50 samples confirmed positive for Babesia spp from305 sera collected from clinically suspected cases of Babesiosis within a period of 9 months from some cattle farms in Oyo state, southwest Nigeria. Breeds were established by their morphological features, Age was estimated using rostral dentition and sexes morphologically determined. Haematological and Biochemical analysis were established by adopting standard procedures and the use of specific kits respectively. Results showed 32 (64%) was White Fulani breed, 8 (16%) was Sokoto Gudali breed, 8 (16%) was Red Bororo breed and 2 (4%) was Kuri breed. Female with 43 (86%), while the male had 7 (14%) susceptibility. Older cattle (≥4yrs) with 27 (54%) susceptibility, (3-3½yrs) with 17 (34%) susceptibility, while (2-2½yrs) had the least susceptibility of 6 (12%). Hematological analysis revealed best parameters in White Fulani breed with Mean ± SD of PCV 28.6 ±8.76, HB 9.3±2.98, RBC 7.5±2.44, while the least values were seen in Sokoto gudali breed with then following parameters; PCV 24.6±6.89, HB 8.1±2.29, RBC7.8±1.59. Biochemical analysis revealed White Fulani with the best values as follows; Total protein 5.5±1.87, Albumin 1.3±0.20, Globulin 4.2±1.73, Glucose 58.1±18.0, AST 60.3±15.68, ALT 50.7±14.80. For age group, the best parameters were observed in (3-3½yrs) group with the following; PCV 29.2±7.76, HB 9.4±2.72, RBC 7.6±2.52, Total protein 5.5±2.11, Glucose 56.9±20.31, AST 61.1±17.15 compared to age group 2-2½yrs with the following values; PCV 26.6±9.81, HB 8.3±3.28, RBC 7.1±2.27, Total protein 4.5±1.64, Glucose 49.3±20.85, AST 54±11.01. No significance difference in their indices except in blood urea nitrogen value which was significant among the breeds sampled. This investigation reveals variation in the susceptibility to natural Babesiosis among Nigerian cattle breeds, ages and sexes with generalise anaemia, lymphocytopaenia, neutrophilia, hypoproteineimia, hypoalbuminaemia and extremely low blood urea nitrogen.Item Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling and detection of Cefotaxime- Resistant Escherichia coli from Commercial Laying Hens, Indigenous Ducks and Chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2024) Amosun, E. A.; Kolapo, A. M.; Ojja, C. V.Cefotaxime is a critically important antimicrobial agent for thè treatment of infections in humans and animals. The upsurge in thè incidence of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coti from animai sources is of global public health importance. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coti is a Gram negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen. Infections by Escherichia coti usually occur following consumption of foods and water contaminated with faeces. The development of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coti is a concem worldwide. This study evaluated thè prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti in commercial laying hens, indigenous ducks and chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti isolates from thè cloacae of these poultry sources were tested for antimicrobial agents. The overall isolation rate of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti was 6.5% (6/93), 3.2% (3/93) and 10.0% (20/200) from indigenous ducks, indigenous chickens and commercial laying hens respectively. Cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti isolates were 89.7%, 86.2%, 65.5%, 55.2%, 37.9%, 27.6%, 20.7% and 20.7% resistant to sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, ceftazidime, amoxicillin -clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone respectively. Whereas, 75.9%, 68.9%, 62.1%, 51.7%, 41.4%, 27.6%,10.3% and 10.3% susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, sulphamethoxazone and tetracycline respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) was observed in 89.7% (26/29) of thè isolates which exhibited 2 (in indigenous ducks), 3 (in indigenous chickens) and 13 (in commercial laying hens) different MDR pattems to 7 antimicrobial classes of drug. Higher isolation rate of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti and remarkable numbers of thè isolates from commercial laying hens showed multidrug resistant than that of indigenous ducks and chickens. Misused of drugs was predicted in commercial laying hens. This study showed that thè indigenous ducks and chickens harbour multidrug resistant Escherichia coti and may contribute to environmental contamination through faecal shedding.