FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES

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Author: search.filters.author.Adesina, O. A.

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    Hepatitis E Virus infection among Asymptomatic pregnant women at the University College Hospital, Ibadan
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Fowotade, A.; Anaedobe, G. C.; Adesina, O. A.
    Introduction: The high mortality associated with fulminant Hepatitis E infection in pregnancy justifies the need to assess the epidemiologic proportion of this underestimated virus. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the burden of HEV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal Clinic in Ibadan. Methodology: HEV IgG and IgM serological surveys were carried out among 230 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria. Serum and stool samples from HEV IgM positive women were further analysed using two independent reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT‑PCR) assays, targeting ORF1 region of HEV genome. Socio‑demographic variables associated with HEV in these women, were analyzed to estimate statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results: Eleven (4.8%) women had HEV IgM, while 39 (17.0%) women had HEV IgG. Three (27.3%) of the 11 anti‑HEV IgM positive samples were positive for HEV RNA while all stool samples tested negative for HEV RNA. HEV infection among pregnant women was statistically associated with age (p = 0.044), and educational status (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Recent HEV infection among this pregnant population is on the lower part of the scale, compared with other Sub‑Saharan African countries. However, the HEV IgG seroprevalence rate suggests indirect evidence of past contact with HEV.
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    High Prevalence of Anti-HCV Antibodies Among Pregnant Women in Southwestern Nigeria
    (IISTE, 2017) Japhet, M. O.; Donbraye, E.; Adesina, O. A.; Adewumi, M. O.
    Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. While universal screening for other blood-borne viruses (BBVs) such as HIV and HBV among pregnant women is recommended in Nigeria, no such recommendation exist for HCV in the country. Despite recently developed direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) to cure HCV at high rates and at very high cost, the absence of an HCV vaccine or approved therapy during pregnancy makes prevention of vertical transmission impossible at the moment. Using a commercially available enzyme linked immunoassay technique, prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was determined among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Southwestern Nigeria. Of the 273 serum samples obtained from the pregnant women 9.5% was positive for anti-HCV antibody. There were differences in anti-HCV prevalence by age and locality. Results of the study confirm endemicity of HCV among pregnant women in the country, consequently, we advocate free screening, among other essential measures for HCV intervention in Nigeria.
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    High prevalence of HIV p24 antigen among HIV antibody negative prospective blood donors in Ile Ife, Nigeria
    (Taylor & Francis, 2016) Japhet, M. O.; Adewumi, M. O.; Adesina, O. A.; Donbraye, E.
    Blood transfusion service centers in Nigeria screen donated blood for markers of HIV infection using antibody- (Ab) based rapid test and in some centers, positives are re-tested using Ab-based ELISA. Paucity of data exists on p24 antigen prevalence among HIV Ab-negative donors in Nigeria. This study aims at detecting HIV p24 antigen among prospective blood donors in Osun State, Nigeria. Prospective blood donors negative for HIV antibodies using Determine test kit were re-tested using BIORAD GENSCREEN Ultra Ag-Ab ELISA kit, a fourth-generation ELISA kit that detects HIV antibodies/p24 antigen. Of the 169 HIV Abnegative prospective donors, 10 (5.9%) were positive for HIV antigen and 70% (7/10) of them were in the age range 18–30 years. Results of this study show that blood transfusion is still one of the major routes of HIV transmission in Nigeria and a higher proportion is among youth. Inclusion of p24 antigen testing into the blood donor screening will help reduce transfusion associated HIV in Nigeria if Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) of all blood donor samples is not affordable; also, HIV enlightenment programs tailored toward youth may help reduce this rate among donors since more young people donate blood in low/middle income countries than in high-income countries.
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    Hepatitis B Core IgM antibody (anti-HBcIgM) among Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HBsAg) negative blood donors in Nigeria
    (Springer Nature, 2011) Japhet, M. O.; Adesina, O. A.; Donbraye, E.; Adewumi, M. O.
    Background: Transfusion associated Hepatitis B virus (TAHBV) continues to be a major problem despite mandatory screening for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg). Presence of HBsAg is the common method for detecting hepatitis B infection. Unfortunately, this marker is not detected during the window period of the infection. Nigeria being a developing country cannot afford DNA testing of all collected units of blood which serve as the only possibility of achieving zero risk of transfusion associated HBV. Five different serological makers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were therefore assessed to evaluate the reliability of using HBsAg marker alone in diagnosis of HBV infection among blood donors and to detect the serological evidence of the infection at the window period. This will preclude the possibility of transmitting hepatitis B through transfusion of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative blood in Nigeria. Methods: Between July and August 2009, 92 blood donors were enrolled for the study. The prevalence of 5 different markers of Hepatitis B virus infection was detected using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Demographic factors were assessed during the study.Results: HBsAg and its antibody (anti-HBs) was detected in 18 (19.6%) and 14(15.2%) of the 92 blood donors respectively. Anti-HBc IgM was found in 12(13.0%) of the 92 blood donors while Hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) and its antibody (anti-HBe) were detected in 4(8.9%) and 12(26.7%) respectively from 45 donors sampled. HBeAg is a marker of high infectivity and appears after HBsAg. At least one serological marker was detected in 30(32.6%) of the blood donors. Five (5.4%) of the 92 donors had anti-HBc IgM as the only serological evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Conclusions: The result of this study shows that five donors have anti-HBcIgM as the only serological evidence of HBV infection. Inclusion of anti-HBcIgM in routine screening of blood donors in Nigeria should be encouraged. This is the first study to assess anti-HBcIgM in the country.