FACULTY OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
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Item Postmortem Heart Weights and Valvular Circumference of Apparently Healthy Adult Nigerian Decedents - an Observational Study(The Brazilian Society of Anatomy (SBA), 2022) Ezenkwa, U. S.; Salami, A. A.; Adeoye, A. O.; Ogunbiyi, O. J.Introduction: Organ weights at postmortem examination of deceased Nigerians are compared with those of Caucasians to determine pathologies and cause of death. Indigenous data are needed because of differences in race and lifestyle. Materials and Methods: This was an eleven-year retrospective study. Postmortem findings and summarized clinical notes of deceased Nigerians archived in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2018 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were age 18–70 years, traumatic or sudden unexpected death with no pathology in the heart, and no history or postmortem features of hypertension. Data on age, gender, cause of death, body length, heart weights, heart valve circumferences, and ventricular wall thickness were retrieved. Descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, and regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 20. Confidence limits were set at p < 0.05. Results: Eighty-five cases fulfilled the criteria, comprising 64 males and 21 females, with mean ages of 39.1 ± 13.8 years and 37.2 ± 11.0 years, respectively. The mean heart weights for males and females differed significantly, with means of 310.8 ± 40.3 g (220–405 g) and 261.3 ± 34.0 g (200–325 g), respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean body lengths also differed significantly, with males at 1.70 ± 0.1 m and females at 1.62 ± 0.1 m (p < 0.002). There was no significant difference in age between males and females (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis suggested that only gender was a likely predictor of heart weight (p < 0.001). The mean circumferences of the tricuspid, mitral, pulmonary, and aortic valves were 11.2 cm, 9.3 cm, 7.2 cm, and 6.4 cm, respectively, while the mean left and right ventricular wall thicknesses were 1.3 cm and 0.3 cm, respectively. Conclusion: Heart weights and valvular circumferences of apparently healthy adult Nigerians differ by gender and show ranges beyond values reported in other populations. These findings highlight the need for locally derived nomograms for postmortem assessments.Item Brain weights in adult africans(The Brazilian Society of Anatomy (SBA), 2017) Salami, A.; Ajani, M.; Orhorho, I.; Ogun, G.; Adeoye, A.; Okolo, C.; Oluwasola, A.; Ogunbiyi, J.Introduction: The average brain weight of adult humans, using Caucasian figures, is said to be between 1300g to 1400g. Few studies have however been done to make actual evaluations of brain weights in adult Africans. This study seeks to examine the weight of brains from people of African descent with respect to variations in sex and age in decades using autopsy specimens. Materials and Methods: Analysis of the weight of brains removed from both male and female adult patients during fresh autopsy of their bodies in our center over a ten year period was done. The study criteria required non-involvement of the central nervous system in the cause of death. The brains were grouped based on age in decades and further grouped into early, middle and late age groups. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 statistics software. Results: A total of one hundred and sixteen brains were included in the study and the mean brain weight was 1280g with a range between 1015g to 1590g. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean brain weight of the different age groups. The average male brain was heavier than those of females and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The brain weight of adult Africans in our study is similar to that seen in Caucasians. There is no statistically significant difference in the brain weight of adults from early adulthood to the elderly adults. Male adults have statistically heavier brains than the femalesItem Histopathological profile of childhood thyroid carcinoma in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria(The National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, 2020) Omenai, S. A.; Ezenkwa, U. S.; Ajani, M. A.Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem with associated high morbidity and mortality. This study was a retrospective review of post mortem examination findings of hospitalised patients with DM for causes of death. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross sectional autopsy review of all the patients with DM in our hospital between January 2008 and December 2017 was conducted. The causes of death were classified into cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, acute diabetic emergencies, infection, cancers and unnatural deaths. The demographic data and clinicopathological parameters were extracted, and the data were analysed using the SPSS software version 23. Results: A total of 1092 cases of autopsy were done within the study period, of which 91 cases were on patients with diabetes accounting for 8.3%. Infections with sepsis were the major cause of death, accounting for 51.6% followed by cardiovascular diseases(16.5%), cancers(14.3%), acute diabetic emergencies (6.6%) and cerebrovascular accidents (6.6%), with renal complications and road traffic accidents accounting for 2.2% each. Patients’ age ranged from 31 to 84 years, with a modal age of 57 years. There was a male predominance with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Systemic hypertension co morbidity was statistically significantly more common in patients aged 60 and above (P = 0.035). The most common lesion observed in the kidneys was benign nephrosclerosis (43.2%). Conclusions: This study suggests that majority of our patients with diabetes mellitus die from infections with attendant sepsis. Older patients appear to have co morbid systemic hypertension. Patient education on infection prevention and prompt treatment might be life saving.