Crop Protection & Environmental Biology
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://repository.ibadanedu.com/handle/123456789/490
Browse
256 results
Search Results
Item Effect of packaging material on the ripening of mature plantain(Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, 2011) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Olaniyi, O; Oyetoran, B. O.Freshly harvested mature plantain (Musa spp. AAB-group) bunches from the field were evaluated in the laboratory to assess the effect of packaging material on its ripening. The bunches were separated into hands and hands one to three were employed in the study. The fruits were subjected to three treatment conditions: (1) exposed on laboratory bench without any packaging, (2) packed in thin black nylon fastened bags, and (3) packed in thick black polythene fastened bags. The set up was arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial randomized complete block design with hand number and packaging materials forming the factors. Response of the fruits was monitored over a period of eighteen days, determined by the number of ripe fruits (i.e. fingers) per hand. At the end of the first week, there was no significant difference in fruit ripening rate while in the second week, the exposed plantain fruits ripened faster than the packaged ones. However, ripening rate for fruits packed in thin polythene bags was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the unpackaged control and fruits packed in the thick polythene bag. Fruits stored in the thick polythene bags had longer shelf life in the green state, ripened more uniformly and is recommended for commercial bulk processors who would require large quantities of fruits in either the green state or ripened states.Item Antimicrobial Activities of crude ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica(International Journal of Current Research (IJCR), 2011) Oloyede, A. M.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.Crude ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica traditionally used as condiment in food and against bacterial infections, cough and inflammations was evaluated invitro for its antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus aurum, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and a fungus pathogen Candida albicans, so as to justify its medicinal activities and validate its traditional use scientifically. The agar diffusion technique was used to determine the zone of inhibition and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) respectively. The extract was active against E. coli, S. typhi, Candida albicans, B. aurium with 15mg/ml MIC, though was most active against S .typhi and B. aurum and compared favourably and significantly with ampicillin. X. aethiopica did not show any activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. This study has provided relevant scientific information for the potential use of X. aethiopica for antimicrobial activities. It therefore suggests that X. aethiopica contain a broad spectrum antibiotic compound, which if properly harnessed can be used in managing an array of pathogensItem Distribution of yam anthracnose disease in Nigeria(International Society for Tropical Root Crops-African Branch, 2010) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Odebode, A. C; Asiedu, R.Yam anthracnose disease, characterized by leaf necrosis and shoot die-back, is a major constraint to the cultivation of yam, especially water yam (Dioscorea alata Linn.). Studies were conducted on the distribution of the disease in the major yam growing zones in Nigeria. Yam anthracnose disease was found to be widely distributed in 148 farmers' fields in three agroecologies. The incidence was 52.2% in the southern Guinea savanna, 51.3% in the forest/savanna transition, and 40.3% in the humid forest, with D. alata having the highest severity score followed by D. rotundata. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) was the pathogen most commonly associated with the symptoms of anthracnose based on isolations from leaf samples collected from the farmers' fields. Fusarium spp., Rhizotonia solani (Kuhn), Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat), and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) were also isolated from the infected yam leaves.Item Reaction of Dioscorea alata (water yam) to anthracnose disease in Nigeria(WFL Publisher Science and Technology, 2008) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Asiedu, R.; Odebode, A. C.Anthracnose disease, caused by the pathogen Collectotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., is a serious challenge to the cultivation of Dioscorea alata, a major source of food and income for millions of farm households in the tropics. Five breeder’s lines and eighteen landraces of D. alata from IITA’s germplasm collection were screened in the field in three agroecological zones (southern guinea savanna, derived savannah and the humid forest) of Nigeria for two years. The objective was to study their reactions to anthracnose disease and investigate the influences of environment (E) and genotype x environment (G x E) interactions on these using the Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) model. Environments (E), obtained as location x year combination, genotypes (G) and G x E interactions were highly significant (P<0.01) for severity of anthracnose disease and accounted for 48, 26.2 and 25.8% of the treatment (G x E combination) sum of squares, respectively. Incidence and severity of foliar symptoms were assessed on three occasions during each growing season. The disease was most severe at Umudike in the humid forest, followed by Ibadan (derived savannah) and Mokwa (southern guinea savannah). The severity was also higher in 1999 across all locations than in 2000. TDa 289 and TDa 294 were identified as the most resistant genotypes. TDa 297, TDa 95/00328, TDa 95/00197 and TDa 95/00010 were stable in their reactions to anthracnose disease across the environments. These lines could be useful in breeding for increased and more stable resistance to anthracnose disease in yam breeding programmes.Item Pathogenicity of fungi associated with yam rot disease of Dioscorea alata and their effect on tuber quality(COLPLANT, 2025) Abdulmujib, Y. G.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.Many pathogens have been reported to be associated with tuber rots of yam. These reduce the yield and economic value of the crop. A diagnostic probe, including visual and microscopy parameters, was carried out to determine the pathogenicity of fungi associated with tuber rot in Dioscorea alata and their effect on yam nutritive value. Thirty-two yam tubers were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) yam barn in Ibadan. Yam tubers showing various symptoms were selected, and pieces of the diseased portion were taken for isolation using standard procedures. The pathogenicity of the fungal isolates was tested using a tuber inoculation assay. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, and lasiodiplodia theobromae were isolated from rotted yam and they were found to be pathogenic on yam. Aspergillus niger and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were the most pathogenic among the fungi isolates with 49.91 % and 38.2 % tot severity respectively. The proximate analysis result showed an appreciable reduction in the nutritional composition of infected water yam. The percentage of dry matter composition (88.39 %) was lowest in yam tuber infected by Rhizopus sp., this was followed by yam tuber infected by Aspergillus niger. A. niger and L. theobromae also affected the quality and nutrient composition of yam. The study highlights the significant impact of fungal pathogens on tuber rot in Dioscorea alata (water yam), with Aspergillus niger and Lasiodiplodia theobromar being the most pathogenic. This study showed that these fungi are not only responsible for rot in yam tubers but can also cause a significant decrease in the nutritional composition and quality of yam tubers. Therefore, understanding the impact of these pathogens is crucial for developing effective management strategies to protect crop yield and economic value.Item Identification of pathogenic fungi associated with stem rot disease of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn in nurseries and evaluation of two botanicals in vitro(Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ibadan, 2025) Oladipo, A. D.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Nwogwugwu, J. O.Cebo pentandra (L.) Game a tree with several purpose and economic benefits, most especially araber and fibre les cuation is creasingly reatened by stem rot disease, prary consed by pathogente fugt This study and to isolate and identify fungal pathogens associated with not decase on C. pedr seedlings and evaluate the output efficacy of ethanol extracts of once laptops and local standard procedures. Pathogenicity screening of the isolates was carried out on C. pentandra seedlings following Kock's postulate. Ethanol extracts of A. leptopus and I trichontha were prepared at varying concentrations (0.25% 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) and Benlate (chemical fungicide) were tested against the two pathogenic fungal invitro using the poisoned food technique. Five frangal species Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopa sp. were isolated, Pathogenicity tests confirmed C gloeosporioides and F. oxysporum as the primary causal agents of stem rot. Ethanol extract of 1. trichonta (1.0% concentration) exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against C. gloeosporioides and F. oxysporum(82.33% and 78.29%, respectively). These inhibition levels were statistically comparable to those of the chemical fungicide. Ethanol extract of A. leptotus had 66.36% and 63.10% against C. gloeosporioides and Foxysporum, respectively. This study emphasized the potential of botanical extracts as environmentally safe and effective alternatives to synthetic fungicides for managing fungal diseases in forest nurseries.Item Effect of nitrogen application on root rot disease of selected cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in a moist savanna(Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 2024) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Adedire, M. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, V. O.; Oduwaye, O. F.Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important root crops in Nigeria; where it is widely cultivated for its calories and usage as raw material for other value-added products. Cassava root rot disease (CRRD) is a widespread and economically significant disease in tropical Africa, contributing substantial yield loss. The screening for resistant varieties to CRRD is therefore imperative to militate against the loss attributed to CRRD. Fifteen pro-vitamin A cassava varieties were investigated for their resistance to root rot disease in this study. The trial was laid as a split plot in randomized complete block design (with two nitrogen (N) rates of 0 and 100 kg/ha) in three replications. The trial was established for two consecutive seasons (2018 and 2019). Variety IBA 980581 had the highest incidence of CRRD (6.39% and 3.99%) in 2018 and 2019 planting seasons, respectively; with percentage disease severity index of 3.62 and 1.99, respectively. IBA 070539 appeared resistant to CRRD, with and without N fertilizer application in both seasons. From our study, N application, influenced the spread and severity of CRRD in pro-vitamin A cassava varieties. Aspergillus species were the most prevalent pathogen associated with infected cassava, while other pathogens included Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Botrytis and Rhizopus. Fourteen pro-vitamin A varieties appeared tolerant to CRRD, while IBA 070539 expressed the best performance against CRRD and could be further investigated for the presence of resistant genes, as well as antimicrobial metabolites.Item Impact of Organic Soil Amendments on Fungal Population and Germination of Maize Seeds in Lead-Contaminated Soil(Nigerian Journal of Ecology, 2024) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Fajemisin, O. A.; Adejumo, S. A.Proliferation of industrial and other anthropogenic activities has led to an increase in heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil, elevating the risk of heavy metal (especially, lead) toxicity to all life forms. It is therefore imperative to develop effective bioremediation techniques for soil remediation. Cow dung and compost (Tithonia rotundifolia and poultry droppings) were added at 30 t/ha to lead contaminated soil. Abundance of heavy metal associated fungi in the contaminated soil was determined through pour plate isolation method using Potato Dextrose Agar. The effect of lead contamination and soil amendments was also determined on maize seed germination in the laboratory using Petri dishes in three replications. Heterotrophic fungal count in lead-contaminated soil decreased as Pb concentration increases. The abundance of soil associated fungi declined with an increase in lead concentration. It ranged from 3.2 × 103 to 0.00 CFU/mL in soils containing 0.36 g/kg lead and 63.01 g/kg lead, respectively both amended with cow dung. A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. nudulans, A. tamarii, A. uvarum and A. terreus were the fungi species isolated from contaminated soil samples. A. fumigatus and A. flavus were the most prominent. A. fumigatus was able to survive at 100% concentration of lead amended with compost, 75% lead concentration amended with cow dung, 25% lead concentration amended with cow dung, and 100% lead concentration without amendment. Percentage germination of maize seeds also decreased with higher concentrations of lead in contaminated soil. High percentage germination (81.81 and 80.00) was observed in the control soil, and on 0.36 g/kg lead-contaminated soil, amended with cow dung, respectively. Organic fertilizers could be adopted to develop an efficient, cost-effective, and readily accessible bioremediation strategy for soil remediation, especially for the production of maize.Item Management of Bacterial wilt of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using calcium-rich soil amendment(HORTSON, 2023) Odesola, D. E.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. 0The study focused on the management of bacterial will disease in tomato plants caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Current control methods have limitations, such as environmental and human health risks associated with chemical control. The effect of soil amendment with calcium-rich chicken eggshell powder on disease management was investigated. Bacterial isolates were collected from wilting tomato plants and identified as R. solanacearum. Pathogenicity tests showed that two isolates, along with a reference isolate, caused severe wilting in tomato cultivars. Soil was amended with three levels of chicken eggshell powder at 5, 10 and 15% and two tomato varieties (Beske and Roma VF seedlings were inoculated with the virulent bacterial pathogen and transplanted into soils in 5 kg pots replicated four times. The study found that treating Roma VF tomato seedlings with 5% eggshell powder resulted in the highest seedling vigor, and lower disease incidence compared to other treatments. The findings suggest that chicken eggshell powder can be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for managing bacterial wilt disease, but further research is needed to determine optimal application rates.Item Growth and Yield Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to leaf extracts of Lanatana camara L(ResearchGate, 2022) Sotade, A . A.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Akinbuluma, M. D.The tomato is the most important vegetable fruit in Nigeria. Nonetheless, it remains undersupplied because farm yield is limited by climate change, sub-optimal crop management, pest and disease complexes, and insecurity. Plant extracts have been reported to have safe and beneficial effects on crop growth due to their growth regulatory or pesticidal effects. The effects of Lantana camara L. (LC), an invasive weed, on crop growth have not been previously reported in Nigeria. Consequently, this study was undertaken to determine if leaf extracts of LC would have any beneficial effects on the yield of tomatoes. Dried and ground LC leaves were subjected to hydro-distillation and solvent extraction by cold and hot maceration to obtain the essential oil (EO) and methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Tomato plants were potted in 10kg of soil at the crop garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The following treatments (EO, methanol, and aqueous extracts of LC leaves-8 treatments, including control) were applied to tomato cv, Roma VF by spraying or drenching weekly. The treatments were assigned following a randomised complete block design replicated three times. EO spray significantly enhanced the growth and flowering of tomatoes, resulting in a significantly higher fruit yield compared to other extracts. The top three treatments were EO, aqueous drench, and aqueous spray. They resulted in 1821 g. 1245 g, and 1234 g of fruits/plant, respectively, compared with the control (512 g/plant). Conclusively, LC leaf extracts possess beneficial growth regulating effects that can be exploited for increased production of environmentally safe tomato fruits in Nigeria.